CN105758433A - Distributed optical fiber sensing device based on Brillouin fiber laser - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensing device based on Brillouin fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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Abstract
A distributed optical fiber sensing device based on a Brillouin fiber laser comprises a narrow linewidth pump laser, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, a pulse signal generator, a scrambler, an optical isolator and the like. A dual-output port of the Brillouin fiber laser is used for outputting two beams of light waves with a frequency difference of a Brillouin frequency shift, one beam of frequency tunable Brillouin laser is pulse modulated into pump light, and the other beam is used as continuous probe light. The tunable Brillouin laser output is achieved through a temperature controller of a Brillouin laser chamber. The frequency tunable pulse pump light and the continuous probe light are in Brillouin interaction with each other in a sensing fiber. The signal processing at the rear end of the sensing system is the same as that of a general Brillouin optical-time domain analysis system. By providing the pump light and the probe light through the Brillouin fiber laser, the invention can eliminate a tunable microwave source and a mating modulator that are required in the general Brillouin optical-time domain analysis system, so that the cost and complexity of the whole system are greatly reduced and the optical integration and package of the system are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Brillouin optical fiber laser and profile fiber field of sensing technologies, be specifically related to a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin scattering and method.
Background technology
Based on the Brillouin optical fiber laser of Brillouin scattering effect due to its exclusive feature, there is Brillouin's stokes light that stimulated Brillouin scattering produces, its frequency moves down a Brillouin shift relative to Brillouin's pump light, its value depends on optical fiber own material and doping characteristic on the one hand, on the other hand also by optical fiber local environment factor, such as the impact of ambient temperature, strain etc..In addition Brillouin scattering laser rays width, the simple feature of laser structure.The applied research of Brillouin optical fiber laser has become the focus of people's research, and it has been applied to vibrating sensor, photoproduction microwave signal, Brillouin shift device, microwave photon filter, fibre optic temperature sensor, liquid level sensor, pressure transducer etc. aspect.
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques utilizes the scattering mechanism in optical fiber, and optical fiber had both been made sensing element, is also used as the medium of transmission signal, and it can accurately obtain sensor fibre and go up the information that temperature, strain, vibration etc. change with Spatial continual in time along the line.Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (BrillouinOpticalTime-DomainAnalysis based on optical fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering, BOTDA) it is the sensing technology with distance, high measurement accuracy, the temperature of high spatial resolution and strain measurement ability, in the monitoring structural health conditions of the Large Infrastructure Projects such as bridge, tunnel, railway, communications optical cable, oil and gas pipes, has huge application prospect.In this technology, when the difference on the frequency of the two-beam ripple transmitted in opposite directions in optical fiber is within the scope of brillouin gain, they pass through acoustic wavefield generation excited Brillouin effect, energy can be occurred between two-beam to shift, when the difference on the frequency of two-beam is equal to the Brillouin shift (Brillouinfrequencyshift of optical fiber, BFS) time, energy transfer amount is maximum, a linear relationship is there is between this Brillouin shift (BFS) and temperature or strain, by measure two-beam energy transfer amount maximum time difference on the frequency, and then record Brillouin shift (BFS), so can be obtained by the temperature or the strain size that are carried on optical fiber.At present conventional obtaining two bundles to transmit the way of pump light and detection light in opposite directions be adopt Electro-optical Modulation microwave source to carry out shift frequency, this way needs expensive high-performance adjustable microwave source, additionally high-speed modulator also usually not easily steady operation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned traditional B OTDA system, it is proposed to a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser.
The present invention has the feature of frequency displacement in conjunction with Brillouin optical fiber laser, propose a kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser and method, utilize the light wave of two bundle frequency stable of dual output port output frequency about Brillouin shift of difference of Brillouin optical fiber laser, wherein the low frequency light of a branch of narrow linewidth is in order to obtain pulse pump light, and the light that another bundle optical frequency is consistent with Brillouin's pumping optical frequency is used as continuous probe light.It addition, the pulse pump optical frequency of low frequency can tune, this temperature changing intracavity brillouin gain optical fiber by the temperature controller in Brillouin laser chamber realizes.This distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment can measure temperature, strain.The signal processing of System Back-end is the same with common BOTDA.As such, it is possible to save high frequency adjustable microwave source and high-speed modulator, whole system cost is made to be substantially reduced.If the temperature controller of front end Brillouin laser intracavity keeps temperature constant and untuned, then sensor fibre can also be carried out vibration measurement by this system.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows.
A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, including narrow linewidth pump laser (1), the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2), the first optical circulator (3), temperature controller (4), brillouin gain optical fiber (5), fiber coupler (6), pulse signal generator (7), electro-optic intensity modulator (8), the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9), scrambler (10), optoisolator (11), sensor fibre (12), the second optical circulator (13), photodetector (14), Signal acquiring and processing device (15)；The input port that described narrow linewidth pump laser (1) is connected to the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2) carries out optical signal amplification, and the output port of described first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2) receives the first optical circulator the first port (31)；One end of brillouin gain optical fiber (5) received by described first optical circulator the second port (32), and brillouin gain optical fiber (5) is placed in temperature-controlled cabinet, and the other end of brillouin gain optical fiber (5) is connected to fiber coupler the first port (61)；The Brillouin laser that described fiber coupler the 3rd port (63) output frequency moves down is connected to the light input end of electro-optic intensity modulator (8)；The first optical circulator the 3rd port (33) received by described fiber coupler the second port (62)；The input being optically coupled to optoisolator (11) that described fiber coupler the 4th port (64) output frequency is consistent with narrow linewidth laser (1) frequency；The electric signal input end of described electro-optic intensity modulator (8) is connected with pulse signal generator (7) and carries out impulse modulation, and the outfan of described electro-optic intensity modulator (8) is connected to the input of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9)；The outfan of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9) connects the input of scrambler (10)；The outfan of described scrambler (10) connects the second optical circulator the first port (131)；Described second optical circulator the second port (132) connects one end of sensor fibre (12), and the other end of described sensor fibre (12) is connected to the outfan of optoisolator (11)；Second optical circulator the 3rd port (133) connects the light input end of photodetector (14), and the input of Signal acquiring and processing device (15) received by the outfan of described photodetector (14).
The fore-end [narrow linewidth pump laser (1), the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2), the first optical circulator (3), temperature controller (4), brillouin gain optical fiber (5), fiber coupler (6)] of the present invention can be the inclined structure of all risk insurance, it is also possible to be the inclined structure of non-guarantor.Intracavity brillouin gain optical fiber (5) can be ordinary optic fibre, it is possible to be polarization maintaining optical fibre, it is also possible to is highly nonlinear optical fiber or protects higher nonlinear optical fiber.If being the inclined structure of non-guarantor, for making stimulated Brillouin scattering the strongest, it is possible to access Polarization Controller in intracavity appropriate location.To the key parameter of brillouin gain optical fiber requires it is that its Brillouin shift value is less than the Brillouin shift of sensor fibre, and differ about 100MHz, during to ensure that tuning increases Brillouin laser frequency, it is possible to reach the frequency sweep requirement of BOTDA system.
The light splitting ratio of fiber coupler of the present invention (6) can adjust according to actual needs, and output port light splitting ratio is big, by luminous power relatively high for output, then exports relatively small luminous power on the contrary.
nullDistributing optical fiber sensing based on Brillouin optical fiber laser provided by the invention，Its work process is: after the output light of narrow linewidth pump laser (1) is amplified by the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2)，Pump light as Brillouin optical fiber laser，Pump light enters brillouin gain optical fiber (5) through the first optical circulator the first port (31) and the first optical circulator the second port (32)，When the power of pump light is sufficiently large，Generation frequency is moved down the Brillouin scattering laser dorsad of (the frequency amount of moving down depends on brillouin gain optical fiber) by brillouin gain optical fiber，Laser frequency can be regulated by the temperature of temperature control box (4) control brillouin gain optical fiber (5)，Brillouin scattering laser counterclockwise at annular chamber (by the first optical circulator the second port (32)、First optical circulator the 3rd port (33)、Brillouin gain optical fiber (5)、Fiber coupler the first port (61) and fiber coupler the second port (62) are constituted) interior vibration，And export through fiber coupler the second port (62) and fiber coupler the 3rd port (63)；Pump light part through brillouin gain optical fiber provides brillouin gain for Brillouin scattering laser on the one hand, additionally exports then through fiber coupler the first port (61) and fiber coupler the 4th port (64)；The Brillouin scattering laser pulsed signal generator modulating light pulse signal of output, being then passed through the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9) to amplify, the light pulse signal of amplification disturbs one end being injected sensor fibre (12) by the second optical fiber circulator the first port (131) and the second optical fiber circulator the second port (132) to the rear through scrambler (10)；Part Brillouin's pump light of output injects the other end of sensor fibre (12) after optoisolator (11), and two-beam occurs Brillouin to interact in sensor fibre；Carry maybe should the diminish continuous light signal of information of sensor fibre temperature and carry out opto-electronic conversion then through being entered photodetector (14) by the second optical fiber circulator the second port (132) and the second optical fiber circulator the 3rd port (133), finally by signals collecting and process the device (15) signal of telecommunication to obtaining and carry out signal processing.
The pulse pump optical frequency that the present invention realizes low frequency by the temperature of the temperature controller change intracavity brillouin gain optical fiber in Brillouin laser chamber can tune.Distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of the present invention can measure temperature, strain.The signal processing of System Back-end is the same with common BOTDA.As such, it is possible to save high frequency adjustable microwave source and high-speed modulator, whole system cost is made to be substantially reduced.If the temperature controller of front end Brillouin laser intracavity keeps temperature constant and untuned, then sensor fibre can also be carried out vibration measurement by this system.The present invention utilizes LASER Light Source to obtain the pump light needed for Brillouin's time-domain analysis instrument and detection light, it is not necessary to expensive adjustable microwave source and supporting manipulator, greatly reduces system cost and complexity, and it is integrated with encapsulation that system is also easier to optics.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
nullIn Fig. 1，1 is narrow linewidth pump laser，2 is the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier，3 is the first optical circulator，4 is temperature controller，5 is brillouin gain optical fiber，6 is fiber coupler，7 is pulse signal generator，8 is electro-optic intensity modulator，9 is the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier，10 is scrambler，11 is optoisolator，12 is sensor fibre，13 is the second optical circulator，14 is photodetector，15 is Signal acquiring and processing device，61 is fiber coupler the first port，62 is fiber coupler the second port，63 is fiber coupler the 3rd port，64 is fiber coupler the 4th port，131 is optical fiber circulator the first port，132 is optical fiber circulator the second port，133 is optical fiber circulator the 3rd port，31 is first optical circulator the first port，32 is first optical circulator the second port，33 is the first optical circulator the 3rd port.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, after the output light of narrow linewidth pump laser 1 is amplified by the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier 2, as Brillouin optical fiber laser (by the first optical circulator 3, temperature controller 4, brillouin gain optical fiber 5, fiber coupler 6 is constituted) Brillouin's pumping of light path part.When pump power is enough, incident pump light produces stimulated Brillouin scattering with optical fiber in brillouin gain optical fiber, backscattering laser is propagated in the counterclockwise direction, reach a part of light output of fiber coupler, another part light is stayed intracavity and is interacted with the pump light through optical fiber, Brillouin laser is by Brillouin amplification, and Brillouin's loss occurs transmission pump light, and remaining Brillouin's pump light exports through the pin of fiber coupler opposite side.Brillouin optical fiber laser has two delivery outlets, one is fiber coupler the 3rd port 63, here output frequency opposite, narrow live width pumping laser 1 moves down the single-frequency Brillouin scattering laser of the Brillouin shift self-characteristic of gain fibre (occurrence depend on), laser frequency is controlled brillouin gain optical fiber 5 by intracavity temperature control box 4 and realizes, increase temperature control box temperature, Brillouin shift increases, the Brillouin laser frequency of output reduces, temperature change amount is depended in Brillouin shift increase amount or the reduction of Brillouin laser frequency, temperature regulated quantity is to meet BOTDA scan width requirement, guarantee to obtain complete brillouin gain spectrum；Another delivery outlet is fiber coupler the 4th port 64, and what export here is the residual pump light that frequency is consistent with narrow linewidth pumping laser 1；After the modulation of front light beam pulsed signal generator 7, becoming light pulse, be then passed through amplifier 9 and carry out power amplification, disturb the first port 131 by optical fiber circulator 13 to the rear through scrambler 10, the second port 132 injects one end of sensor fibre 12；Rear light beam is through the other end injecting sensor fibre 12 of optoisolator 11, and two-beam occurs Brillouin to interact in sensor fibre and carries out energy exchange；Regulate temperature and visit case temperature thus changing Brillouin laser output optical frequency, so under different Brillouin laser frequencies, carry the optical signal second port 132 via optical fiber circulator 13 of the intensity signal that optical fiber is distributed along the line, 3rd port 133 enters photodetector 14 and carries out opto-electronic conversion, just obtain one group of light intensity with frequency change along Fiber Distributed Data, the Brillouin shift at optical fiber any position place can be obtained by these data, the continuous distribution formula sensing of temperature or strain can be realized accordingly.
Claims (1)
1. the distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, it is characterized in that including narrow linewidth pump laser (1), first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2), first optical circulator (3), temperature controller (4), brillouin gain optical fiber (5), fiber coupler (6), pulse signal generator (7), electro-optic intensity modulator (8), second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9), scrambler (10), optoisolator (11), sensor fibre (12), second optical circulator (13), photodetector (14), Signal acquiring and processing device (15)；Narrow linewidth pump laser (1) is connected to the input port of the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2) and carries out optical signal amplification, and the output port of the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier (2) receives the first optical circulator the first port (31)；One end of brillouin gain optical fiber (5) received by first optical circulator the second port (32), and brillouin gain optical fiber (5) is placed in temperature-controlled cabinet, and the other end of brillouin gain optical fiber (5) is connected to fiber coupler the first port (61)；The Brillouin laser that fiber coupler the 3rd port (63) output frequency moves down is connected to the light input end of electro-optic intensity modulator (8)；The first optical circulator the 3rd port (33) received by fiber coupler the second port (62)；The input being optically coupled to optoisolator (11) that fiber coupler the 4th port (64) output frequency is consistent with narrow linewidth laser (1) frequency；The electric signal input end of electro-optic intensity modulator (8) is connected with pulse signal generator (7) and carries out impulse modulation, and the outfan of electro-optic intensity modulator (8) is connected to the input of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9)；The outfan of the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier (9) connects the input of scrambler (10)；The outfan of scrambler (10) connects the second optical circulator the first port (131)；Second optical circulator the second port (132) connects one end of sensor fibre (12), and the other end of sensor fibre (12) is connected to the outfan of optoisolator (11)；Second optical circulator the 3rd port (133) connects the light input end of photodetector (14), and the input of Signal acquiring and processing device (15) received by the outfan of photodetector (14).
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092014A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-11-25 | 天津大学 | Distributed fiber sound wave detection apparatus and method based on wave beam formation |
| CN106410599A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | Brillouin single-longitudinal-mode frequency-shift fiber laser |
| CN106767963A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-31 | 中国计量大学 | For the multi-channel parallel microwave swept frequency device and method of Brillouin sensing |
| CN107421625A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2017-12-01 | 中光华研电子科技有限公司 | A kind of distributed optical fiber sensing system suitable for power transmission line swaying monitoring |
| CN107764298A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-06 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of single-ended brillouin distributed sensor-based system and method for sensing of the adjustable frequency shifter structure of Brillouin |
| CN108375386A (en) * | 2018-02-06 | 2018-08-07 | 广西师范大学 | A kind of the Brillouin light fiber sensor system and method for sensing of adjustable frequency displacement structure |
| CN109186736A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-01-11 | 广西师范大学 | It is a kind of can fixing frequency displacement structure slope auxiliary Brillouin fiber optic sensing vibration measurement device and measurement method |
| CN110426369A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-08 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of distribution type fiber-optic gas-detecting device and method based on sweep frequency technique |
| CN110678777A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2020-01-10 | 昂纳信息技术（深圳）有限公司 | LIDAR system |
| CN112909717A (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2021-06-04 | 河北大学 | A adjustable dual wavelength double-circuit output fiber laser for BOTDA |
| CN113218533A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Optical fiber laser temperature sensor based on double Brillouin frequency shifter |
| US20210318182A1 (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2021-10-14 | Nec Laboratories America, Inc | Distributed fiber optic sensing of temperature using a polarization scrambler |
| CN113670353A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-19 | 广西师范大学 | Brillouin optical time domain analyzer based on few-mode optical fiber mode multiplexing |
| US20220146332A1 (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2022-05-12 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Single-band distributed temperature sensing |
| CN117007177A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-11-07 | 华中科技大学 | Acoustic impedance measuring device and measuring method based on high nonlinear optical fiber |
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