CN102706451A - High-precision spectrum analyzer using stimulated Brillouin light loss mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明是一种通过测量全波光纤中受激布里渊光功率损耗来探测未知光谱的高精度光谱分析仪，具体是根据一种发生在全波光纤中的在波长连续扫描激光器(TLS)的输出光与来自外部设备的待测信号(SUT)光之间的受激布里渊效应，通过探测上述扫描激光器的输出光在与上述待测信号光相互作用中损耗的光功率来测得待测信号光的光谱，具体包括扫描激光器(1)，光学隔离器(2)，一定长度全波光纤(3)，偏振控制器(4)，光学环形器(5)，光电探测器(6)，数据采集处理与控制系统(7)及恒温装置(8)。The invention is a high-precision spectrum analyzer for detecting unknown spectra by measuring the power loss of stimulated Brillouin light in a full-wave optical fiber. The stimulated Brillouin effect between the output light of the above-mentioned scanning laser and the signal under test (SUT) light from the external device is measured by detecting the optical power lost in the interaction of the output light of the above-mentioned scanning laser with the above-mentioned signal light under test The spectrum of the signal light to be measured specifically includes a scanning laser (1), an optical isolator (2), a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3), a polarization controller (4), an optical circulator (5), a photodetector (6 ), data acquisition processing and control system (7) and constant temperature device (8).
背景技术 Background technique
美国专利US7405820B2说明了一种使用受激布里渊散射的光谱分析设备，其利用光纤中布里渊光放大效应并探测相互作用中待测信号的光功率的增益来对待测信号光进行光谱测量，与本专利有相似的技术背景。中国专利CN101246056A中也提到了利用布里渊散射的频谱测定，但是其技术领域属于分布式光纤温度与应力传感器，而且技术背景及发明内容都与此专利完全不同。西班牙学者(J.M.Subías Domingo，J.Pelayo，F.Villuendas，C.D.Heras，and E.Pellejer)在IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS，2005，17(4)：855-857文章中提出了基于光纤受激布里渊散射的高精度光谱仪，其所用光源为外腔调谐式波长扫描激光器，也是利用光纤中布里渊光放大效应并探测相互作用中待测信号的光功率的增益来对信号光进行光谱测量。US patent US7405820B2 describes a spectroscopic analysis device using stimulated Brillouin scattering, which utilizes the Brillouin light amplification effect in the optical fiber and detects the gain of the optical power of the signal to be measured in the interaction to perform spectral measurement of the signal to be measured , have a similar technical background with this patent. Chinese patent CN101246056A also mentions spectrum measurement using Brillouin scattering, but its technical field belongs to distributed optical fiber temperature and stress sensors, and its technical background and invention content are completely different from this patent. Spanish scholars (J.M.Subías Domingo, J.Pelayo, F.Villuendas, C.D.Heras, and E.Pellejer) proposed in the article IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, 2005, 17(4): 855-857 based on optical fiber stimulated Brillouin Scattering high-precision spectrometer, the light source used is an external cavity tuned wavelength scanning laser, which also uses the Brillouin light amplification effect in the fiber and detects the gain of the optical power of the signal to be measured in the interaction to perform spectral measurement of the signal light.
本发明中最主要的创新步骤有：(1)利用光纤中受激布里渊散射的光损耗效应而不是之前报道的光增益效应来提高光谱测量的稳定性并降低系统对光电探测器性能的要求；(2)使用全波(All wave)光纤作为发生受激布里渊散射相互作用的介质，其目的在于压缩受激布里渊散射峰的线宽以提高光谱分辨率；(3)使用恒温装置来消除光纤中受激布里渊散射由于温度改变而引起的频移量漂移达到提高光谱测量精度的目的；(4)使用温度及驱动电流可调谐的分布反馈式半导体激光器取代昂贵的外腔调谐式激光器作为波长扫描激光光源。The most important innovative steps in the present invention are: (1) use the optical loss effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber instead of the optical gain effect reported before to improve the stability of the spectral measurement and reduce the system's influence on the performance of the photodetector Requirements; (2) Use all-wave (All wave) fiber as the medium for stimulated Brillouin scattering interaction, the purpose of which is to compress the linewidth of the stimulated Brillouin scattering peak to improve spectral resolution; (3) use A constant temperature device is used to eliminate the frequency shift drift caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber due to temperature changes to improve the accuracy of spectral measurement; (4) Use a distributed feedback semiconductor laser with tunable temperature and drive current to replace expensive external lasers. A cavity-tuned laser is used as a wavelength-swept laser source.
与当前的基于光栅原理的光谱仪相比，该光谱分析仪拥有更高的兆赫兹量级的光谱分辨率及更大的动态功率测量范围。Compared with the current spectrometer based on the grating principle, the spectrum analyzer has a higher megahertz-level spectral resolution and a larger dynamic power measurement range.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明属于高精度光谱测量技术领域，提供了一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，实现了超高精度频谱测量与分析，并有很大的动态测量范围。The invention belongs to the technical field of high-precision spectrum measurement, and provides a high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis device utilizing the stimulated Brillouin optical loss mechanism in a full-wave optical fiber, which realizes ultra-high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis, and has a large dynamic measurement range.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：由扫描激光器(1)，光学隔离器(2)，一定长度全波光纤(3)，偏振控制器(4)，光学环形器(5)，光电探测器(6)，数据采集处理与控制系统(7)及恒温装置(8)组成。The described high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: a scanning laser (1), an optical isolator (2), and a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3), a polarization controller (4), an optical circulator (5), a photodetector (6), a data acquisition processing and control system (7) and a constant temperature device (8).
光纤中的受激布里渊散射的原理：从一段光纤的两个端口分别入射两束光，当两束光在此段光纤中相向传输时，如果此时两束光的频率差与此种光纤的布里渊散射频移(约11GHz)相近或相等，那么在这两束光之间将发生能量转移现象——两束光中频率高的部分入射光被受激声波散射而转变为另一束频率低的光，并同时满足能量与动量守恒定律，其转移的光功率与它们发生相互作用时两束光的强度成正比关系，此现象称为光纤受激布里渊(Brillouin)散射效应。其中频率高的入射光称为泵浦光，频率低的入射光称为斯托克斯光，受激布里渊散射的微观解释为：泵浦光的光子(其频率为v0)与斯托克斯光的光子(其频率为v0-Δv，其中Δv约为11GHz)在光纤中发生受激布里渊散射效应时，一个泵浦光子湮灭，同时产生一个反向运动的斯托克斯光子和一个同向运动的声学声子(其频率为Δv)。受激布里渊散射效应典型现象为：泵浦光的光功率减小和斯托克斯光的光功率增加，当通过测量泵浦光的光功率减小来探知受激布里渊散射效应时，称之为受激布里渊光损耗效应；而当通过测量斯托克斯光的光功率增加来探知受激布里渊散射效应时，称之为受激布里渊光增益效应，它们是受激布里渊散射这个物理现象的两个观察角度，并在具体实现方式上存在差异，比如光电探测器在光纤链路中的位置以及后期数据处理的方法。The principle of stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber: two beams of light are respectively incident from two ports of a section of optical fiber. If the Brillouin scattering frequency shift (about 11GHz) of the optical fiber is similar or equal, then there will be an energy transfer phenomenon between the two beams of light—the part of the incident light with high frequency in the two beams of light is scattered by the stimulated acoustic wave and transformed into another A beam of low-frequency light satisfies the law of conservation of energy and momentum at the same time, and the transferred optical power is proportional to the intensity of the two beams of light when they interact. This phenomenon is called fiber-optic stimulated Brillouin (Brillouin) scattering effect. The incident light with high frequency is called pump light, and the incident light with low frequency is called Stokes light. The microcosmic interpretation of stimulated Brillouin scattering is: the photon of pump light (its frequency is v 0 ) When the photon of Stokes light (its frequency is v 0 -Δv, where Δv is about 11 GHz) undergoes the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in the fiber, a pump photon annihilates, and at the same time produces a reverse motion Stokes A photon and an acoustic phonon moving in the same direction (its frequency is Δv). The typical phenomenon of the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is: the optical power of the pump light decreases and the optical power of the Stokes light increases. When the optical power of the pump light decreases to detect the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect , it is called the stimulated Brillouin optical loss effect; and when the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect is detected by measuring the optical power increase of the Stokes light, it is called the stimulated Brillouin optical gain effect, They are two observation angles of the physical phenomenon of stimulated Brillouin scattering, and there are differences in the specific implementation methods, such as the position of the photodetector in the optical fiber link and the method of post-data processing.
本发明利用的是光纤中的受激布里渊光损耗效应，通过直接探测泵浦光(在本发明中起泵浦光作用的是扫描激光器(1)的输出光)与来自外部设备的待测信号光(9)相互作用中所损失的光功率值，以此来得到待测信号光(9)中此时发生受激布里渊散射效应的频谱组份的光功率值，使用波长扫描激光器来线性连续改变泵浦光的频率v0就可以得到待测信号光在扫描频谱范围内的不同频率值处的光功率数值。与前面提到的利用受激布里渊光增益效应的技术相比，基于受激布里渊光损耗效应的探测技术有如下的优势：布里渊光增益技术探测的是待测信号光的功率变化，所以在光扫描的过程中，如果此时信号光的功率由于某种人为、环境或其固有的原因使得其功率突然增加，这种功率变化也会被当作由于受激布里渊增益效应产生的结果，就会产生错误的光谱测量结果；而利用布里渊光损耗技术探测的是扫描激光器的功率减少，扫描激光器的出射光功率通常很稳定，即使其输出功率有微小起伏也是可预测并通过后期数据处理来校正，而待测信号光的性能与稳定性是无法预测的，因此采用受激布里渊光损耗效应的探测技术在实际测量中会更稳定并减少误测情况的发生。What the present invention utilizes is the stimulated Brillouin optical loss effect in the optical fiber, by directly detecting the pumping light (in the present invention, what plays the role of pumping light is the output light of the scanning laser (1)) and the waiting light from the external device Measure the optical power value lost in the interaction of the signal light (9) to obtain the optical power value of the spectral component in the signal light (9) to be measured at which the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect occurs at this time, using wavelength scanning The laser is used to linearly and continuously change the frequency v 0 of the pump light to obtain the optical power values of the signal light to be measured at different frequency values within the scanning spectrum range. Compared with the technology using the stimulated Brillouin optical gain effect mentioned above, the detection technology based on the stimulated Brillouin optical loss effect has the following advantages: The Brillouin optical gain technology detects the signal light to be measured. Power changes, so in the process of optical scanning, if the power of the signal light suddenly increases due to some artificial, environmental or inherent reasons, this power change will also be regarded as due to the stimulated Brillouin As a result of the gain effect, erroneous spectral measurement results will be produced; while using the Brillouin optical loss technique to detect the power reduction of the scanning laser, the output optical power of the scanning laser is usually stable, even if its output power fluctuates slightly. It can be predicted and corrected by later data processing, but the performance and stability of the signal light to be measured is unpredictable, so the detection technology using the stimulated Brillouin optical loss effect will be more stable and reduce false detections in actual measurement happened.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：使用数据采集处理与控制系统(7)通过精确控制扫描激光器(TLS)(1)的温度及驱动电流，实现线性连续波长输出且波长组份的输出功率稳定，以此输出光作为受激布里渊散射的泵浦光。The described high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the data acquisition processing and control system (7) is used to precisely control the scanning laser (TLS) ( 1) The temperature and driving current can achieve linear continuous wavelength output and the output power of the wavelength components is stable, and the output light is used as the pump light for stimulated Brillouin scattering.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：扫描激光器(TLS)(1)为温度和驱动电流可调谐的分布反馈式半导体激光器，此激光器输出波长随着驱动电流和温度的改变而快速变化，并且其输出功率在波长改变时保持恒定。The described high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the scanning laser (TLS) (1) is a distributed feedback type with tunable temperature and drive current Semiconductor laser, the output wavelength of this laser changes rapidly with the change of driving current and temperature, and its output power remains constant when the wavelength changes.
上述扫描激光器与美国专利以及西班牙学者所使用的外腔调谐扫描激光器相比有很大改进：首先，温度调谐方式使用的是TEC热电制冷器(又名半导体制冷器)不存在任何运动部件或者流动制冷剂，抗振动性强并坚固耐用，通过改变直流电流的极性来决定实现制冷或加热，简单方便；其次，驱动电流调谐也不需要任何活动部件，同样具有出色的抗振动干扰的能力；另外驱动电流调节方式可以实现快速准确的调谐。相对来说，温度调谐速度较慢但波长调谐范围大，而驱动电流调谐速度较快但波长调谐范围窄。综合以上两种调谐方式可兼顾调谐速度和调谐范围，使得该扫描激光器具有低成本，高可靠性和灵活方便的特点。The above-mentioned scanning laser has a great improvement compared with the external cavity tuning scanning laser used by the US patent and Spanish scholars: First, the temperature tuning method uses a TEC thermoelectric cooler (also known as a semiconductor cooler) without any moving parts or flow Refrigerant, strong anti-vibration and durable, it is simple and convenient to realize cooling or heating by changing the polarity of DC current; secondly, the driving current tuning does not require any moving parts, and it also has excellent anti-vibration interference ability; In addition, the driving current regulation method can realize fast and accurate tuning. Relatively speaking, the temperature tuning speed is slow but the wavelength tuning range is large, while the driving current tuning speed is fast but the wavelength tuning range is narrow. Combining the above two tuning methods can take both tuning speed and tuning range into consideration, so that the scanning laser has the characteristics of low cost, high reliability, flexibility and convenience.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：通过光学隔离器(2)将扫描激光器的输出光输入到一定长度全波光纤(3)中，并阻止与此光传输方向相反的光进入扫描激光器(1)中而对其形成干扰。The described high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the output light of the scanning laser is input to a certain length of full-wave optical fiber through an optical isolator (2). In the optical fiber (3), and prevent the light opposite to the light transmission direction from entering the scanning laser (1) to interfere with it.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：利用一定长度全波光纤(3)作为受激布里渊散射效应相互作用的发生介质。The described high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3) is used as a stimulated Brillouin scattering effect interaction the occurrence medium.
上述全波光纤(3)主要有两个作用：其一是作为发生受激布里渊散射效应的相互作用介质，提供扫描激光器(1)的输出光与待测信号光(9)之间进行能量转移的媒介；其二是所使用的全波光纤拥有更窄的受激布里渊散射峰，起到提高光谱分辨率的作用。例如，在SMF-28单模光纤中，受激布里渊散射峰的线宽为30MHz左右，但是在上述全波光纤中此线宽只有20MHz，使用特定方法还可以进一步压缩受激布里渊散射峰的线宽达到3MHz左右，这将更大的提高光谱测量分析设备的分辨率。The above-mentioned full-wave optical fiber (3) mainly has two functions: one is to serve as an interaction medium where the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect occurs, and to provide a communication between the output light of the scanning laser (1) and the signal light (9) to be measured. The medium of energy transfer; the second is that the full-wave optical fiber used has a narrower stimulated Brillouin scattering peak, which plays a role in improving spectral resolution. For example, in the SMF-28 single-mode fiber, the linewidth of the stimulated Brillouin scattering peak is about 30MHz, but in the above-mentioned full-wave fiber, the linewidth is only 20MHz, and the stimulated Brillouin scattering peak can be further compressed by using a specific method. The line width of the scattering peak reaches about 3MHz, which will greatly improve the resolution of the spectral measurement and analysis equipment.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：利用恒温装置(8)为全波光纤(3)提供恒温环境保护以消除受激布里渊散射的频移量(即上述约为11GHz的Δv)随外界环境温度改变而产生的频率漂移来提高光谱测量的精度。The described high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the constant temperature device (8) is used to provide constant temperature environmental protection for the full-wave optical fiber (3) to eliminate The frequency shift of the stimulated Brillouin scattering (that is, the above-mentioned Δv of about 11 GHz) is used to improve the accuracy of spectral measurement by the frequency shift caused by the change of the external environment temperature.
上述恒温装置(8)中的温度一般设置为与外界环境接近且保持恒定。在正常的环境温度中，光纤温度每变化1摄氏度受激布里渊散射频移量将变化大约1.3MHz，相当于在1550纳米波长附近时，波长漂移量为10飞米(10×10-15米)。而此波长漂移量与光谱测量与分析设备在上述波长处的分辨率相当，所以恒温装置(8)是必须的，否则光谱测量与分析设备的测量精度与一致性将严重下降。The temperature in the above-mentioned constant temperature device (8) is generally set to be close to the external environment and kept constant. In normal ambient temperature, the stimulated Brillouin scattering frequency shift will change by about 1.3 MHz for every 1 degree Celsius change in fiber temperature, which is equivalent to a wavelength shift of 10 femtometers (10×10 -15 rice). And this wavelength drift is equivalent to the resolution of the spectral measurement and analysis equipment at the above wavelength, so the constant temperature device (8) is necessary, otherwise the measurement accuracy and consistency of the spectral measurement and analysis equipment will be seriously reduced.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：利用偏振控制器(4)来控制进入发生相互作用的一定长度全波光纤(3)中的相互作用光的偏振状态，以增强受激布里渊散射效应。The described high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: a polarization controller (4) is used to control the full-wave optical fiber of a certain length entering into interaction The polarization state of the interacting light in (3) to enhance the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect.
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：利用光学环形器(5)将待测信号(SUT)光(9)输入到发生相互作用的一定长度全波光纤(3)中，并阻止与此光传输方向相反的光进入到待测信号(SUT)光源而形成干扰，同时将沿相反方向传输的扫描激光器的输出光输出到光电探测器(6)中。The described high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis equipment using the stimulated Brillouin optical loss mechanism in the full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the signal to be tested (SUT) light (9) is input by using an optical circulator (5) into a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3) that interacts, and prevent the light that is opposite to the light transmission direction from entering the signal under test (SUT) light source to form interference, and at the same time transmit the output light of the scanning laser that is transmitted in the opposite direction Output to the photodetector (6).
所述的一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，其特征在于：采用数据采集处理与控制系统(7)来统一调度管理整个设备进行扫描激光器(1)的输出波长扫描，恒温装置(8)的温度保持，以及从光电探测器(6)中采集信号并进行滤波放大以及傅里叶变换和精确提取TLS出射光的功率损耗量的运算处理操作，并在上述调度管理与运算操作之后绘制出来自外部设备的待测信号(SUT)光(9)的光谱图进而将最终处理结果按照用户操作及设备当前设置输出显示，使用户得以灵活方便的观察。The described high-precision spectrum measurement and analysis equipment using the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fiber is characterized in that: the data acquisition processing and control system (7) is used to uniformly dispatch and manage the entire equipment to scan the laser The output wavelength scanning of (1), the temperature maintenance of the constant temperature device (8), and the calculation and processing of collecting signals from the photodetector (6) and performing filtering amplification and Fourier transform and accurately extracting the power loss of the TLS outgoing light operation, and draw the spectrogram of the signal under test (SUT) light (9) from the external device after the above scheduling management and calculation operations, and then output and display the final processing results according to the user's operation and the current settings of the device, so that the user can be flexible and convenient observation.
在上述数据采集处理与控制系统(7)中为了绘制出待测信号(9)光的光谱图，需要确定待测信号光(9)在扫描激光器(1)输出波长扫描所探测的波长范围内所有波长(或者频率)组份与在数据采集处理与控制系统(7)中所得到的上述波长组份的光功率值之间的对应关系，进而需要精确控制扫描激光器的输出波长值与上述数据采集处理与控制系统(7)中数据采集部分所采集信号之间的严格对应关系，由此在上述系统(7)中包含了一个高精度的定时器来产生同步扫描激光器(1)和上述系统(7)中数据采集部分的触发脉冲信号，并使用此脉冲信号的上升沿作为上述同步操作的时间基准。In order to draw the spectrogram of the signal to be measured (9) in the above data acquisition processing and control system (7), it is necessary to determine that the signal to be measured (9) is within the wavelength range detected by the output wavelength scanning of the scanning laser (1) The corresponding relationship between all wavelength (or frequency) components and the optical power values of the above-mentioned wavelength components obtained in the data acquisition processing and control system (7), and then need to accurately control the output wavelength value of the scanning laser and the above-mentioned data Acquisition processing and strict correspondence between the signals collected by the data acquisition part in the control system (7), thus a high-precision timer is included in the above system (7) to generate synchronous scanning laser (1) and the above system (7) The trigger pulse signal of the data acquisition part, and use the rising edge of this pulse signal as the time reference for the above synchronous operation.
本发明的优点：本发明利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备的光谱分辨精度较高，可以达到0.1pm数量级以上，达到超高精度光谱分辨能力的同时具有很高的精度及稳定性，且由于特殊设计的光电探测系统及方法使得待测信号(SUT)光的功率动态变化范围超过了70dB。The advantages of the present invention: the high-precision spectral measurement and analysis equipment using the stimulated Brillouin optical loss mechanism in the full-wave optical fiber of the present invention has a high spectral resolution accuracy, which can reach more than 0.1pm order of magnitude, and achieve ultra-high-precision spectral resolution capabilities. At the same time, it has high precision and stability, and because of the specially designed photoelectric detection system and method, the power dynamic variation range of the signal under test (SUT) exceeds 70dB.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是一种利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备的示意图。此图中虚线框内的部分为光谱测量与分析设备，两个箭头分别代表相应部分光路中光的传输方向。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-precision spectral measurement and analysis device using the stimulated Brillouin optical loss mechanism in a full-wave optical fiber. The part inside the dotted box in this figure is the spectral measurement and analysis equipment, and the two arrows represent the transmission direction of light in the corresponding part of the optical path.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明为利用全波光纤中受激布里渊光损耗机制的高精度光谱测量与分析设备，包括扫描激光器(1)，光学隔离器(2)，一定长度全波光纤(3)，偏振控制器(4)，光学环形器(5)，光电探测器(6)，数据采集处理与控制系统(7)及恒温装置(8)。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is a high-precision spectral measurement and analysis device utilizing the mechanism of stimulated Brillouin optical loss in full-wave optical fibers, including a scanning laser (1), an optical isolator (2), and a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3), polarization controller (4), optical circulator (5), photodetector (6), data acquisition processing and control system (7) and constant temperature device (8).
数据采集处理与控制系统(7)通过调谐扫描激光器(1)的温度和驱动电流值来实现在一个设定的波长范围内以一定的扫描速度进行连续波长扫描输出，扫描激光器(1)在扫描过程期间，其输出功率恒定不变，且输出光经过光学隔离器(2)进入偏振控制器(4)，经过偏振态调节后输入到作为发生相互作用介质的一定长度全波光纤(3)中，与经过光学环形器(5)进入全波光纤(3)的来自于外部设备的待测信号(SUT)光(9)发生受激布里渊散射，使用光电探测器(6)来探测扫描激光器(1)的光功率损耗量，并将探测信号实时传输到数据采集与控制系统(7)中，同时严格控制扫描激光器(1)及光电探测器(6)之间波长扫描及光功率探测的同步关系，以此来确定发生受激布里渊散射的上述的待测信号光(9)的频率(也可以是波长)及相应的功率数值，并得到待测信号光(9)的完整频谱图像。The data acquisition processing and control system (7) realizes continuous wavelength scanning output at a certain scanning speed within a set wavelength range by tuning the temperature and driving current value of the scanning laser (1), and the scanning laser (1) is scanning During the process, its output power is constant, and the output light enters the polarization controller (4) through the optical isolator (2), and after the polarization state is adjusted, it is input into a certain length of full-wave optical fiber (3) as the interaction medium , stimulated Brillouin scattering occurs with the signal-to-be-tested (SUT) light (9) from an external device that enters the full-wave optical fiber (3) through the optical circulator (5), and uses a photodetector (6) to detect the scanning The amount of optical power loss of the laser (1), and the detection signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system (7) in real time, and the wavelength scanning and optical power detection between the scanning laser (1) and the photodetector (6) are strictly controlled Synchronous relationship, in order to determine the frequency (or wavelength) and corresponding power value of the above-mentioned signal light (9) to be measured that undergoes stimulated Brillouin scattering, and obtain the complete signal light (9) to be measured spectrum image.
上述波长范围由设备的初始默认值以及用户设定值所共同决定，综合光纤自身特性及光谱分析仪的精度等因素来考虑，波长范围一般设置在40至0.1纳米区间内；而且上述扫描速度也是用户可选的，并被分成几个不同的扫描速度档，例如100内米每秒，10纳米每秒，0.5纳米每秒等几个分档速度。The above-mentioned wavelength range is determined by the initial default value of the device and the user’s setting value. Considering factors such as the characteristics of the optical fiber and the accuracy of the spectrum analyzer, the wavelength range is generally set within the range of 40 to 0.1 nanometers; and the above-mentioned scanning speed is also It is user-selectable and divided into several different scanning speeds, such as 100 nanometers per second, 10 nanometers per second, 0.5 nanometers per second and other sub-level speeds.
上述波长扫描及光功率探测之间的同步关系通过使用一个32位精度的定时器作为触发信号源来产生触发脉冲信号，且此触发脉冲信号的上升沿作为实现上述同步关系的同步时间基准。The synchronous relationship between the above-mentioned wavelength scanning and optical power detection uses a 32-bit precision timer as a trigger signal source to generate a trigger pulse signal, and the rising edge of this trigger pulse signal is used as a synchronous time reference for realizing the above-mentioned synchronous relationship.
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