CN103053834A - Feed with addition of enteromorpha algae and asparagus for siganids and method for preparing same - Google Patents
Feed with addition of enteromorpha algae and asparagus for siganids and method for preparing same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103053834A CN103053834A CN2012105764296A CN201210576429A CN103053834A CN 103053834 A CN103053834 A CN 103053834A CN 2012105764296 A CN2012105764296 A CN 2012105764296A CN 201210576429 A CN201210576429 A CN 201210576429A CN 103053834 A CN103053834 A CN 103053834A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a feed with addition of enteromorpha algae and asparagus for siganids and a method for preparing the same. The feed for siganids includes fish meal, soybean meal, seaweed powder, fish oil, soybean oil, tapioca starch and excipients. According to the feed for siganids, the algae-eating character of the siganids is fully taken advantage of, and based on the feeding preference for large algae and digestion and the utilization rate for algae of the siganids, the enteromorpha algae and the asparagus are selected to be used as raw materials for the seaweed powder. The invention also provides the method for preparing the feed for the siganids. By using algae feed in the feed of the present invention, the usage amount of fish meal can be reduced by 10%, the protein level required by fingerlings is reduced by 2-3%, so the feed with addition of enteromorpha algae and asparagus for siganids is an efficient, low-cost feed with great promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sub-fish meal of a kind of indigo plant, especially a kind of blue sub-fish meal that adds Enteromorpha and asparagus belongs to the aquatic feeds field.
Background technology
Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha intestinalis) is the Chlorophyta tangleweed, but lacks rationally, effectively utilizes approach at the China coast aboundresources; Moreover, " the green tide " by the burst of Enteromorpha is grown and caused often causes catastrophic effect to the offshore environment.In fact, the Enteromorpha nutritive value is abundant, is the algae of the phytophagous seawater fish happiness foods such as Lan Ziyu, gold drum fish.Blue sub-fish natural food is tangleweed, outstanding happiness food Enteromorpha and asparagus (Gracilarialemaneiformis).Lan Ziyu is low than predacious fish to the demand of albumen, is 29-34%; The ratio of vegetable protein source Peru Fish Dietary can reach 40%(Wang Shu and opens etc. in the feed, Marine Sciences, and 2010,34:18-22).This fishiness road is delicious, nutritive value is abundant, is the marine fish of southeastern coastal areas great exploitation potential for its.Therefore, if the tangleweeds such as Enteromorpha, asparagus are developed as blue sub-fish meal raw material, huge economic benefit and ecological benefits will be produced.
Although the algae of Enteromorpha, asparagus to be wild indigo plant sub-fish happiness food, our research find, the speed of growth of the Lan Ziyu of throw something and feed separately Enteromorpha or asparagus is not as good as the mixed feed group of throwing something and feeding; But marine alga can be improved the nutritional quality (increasing essential amino acid and content of polyunsaturated fatty acid) of blue sub-fish muscle and the oxidation resistance of fish body.According to another report, add in the mixed feed by 10% Enteromorpha, the growth indexes of Lan Ziyu significantly reduce (Yousifet al., Emir JAgric Sci, 2004,16:18-26).This explanation, the seaweed fodder that adds merely Enteromorpha there is no advantage in application facet.We find by the sub-fish of indigo plant being liked the nutritional labeling of the marine alga that eats and the mensuration of apparent digestibility, Lan Ziyu is the highest to albumen, fat utilization rate and the energy transformation ratio of asparagus, utilization rate to Enteromorpha crude fibre and total soluble sugar is the highest, and the two is in conjunction with the effect that can play mutual supplement with each other's advantages.Along this thinking, and in conjunction with the adjustable characteristics of mixed feed component ratio, add the application of enzyme preparation, through test of many times, we have finally obtained seaweed fodder prescription of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of blue sub-fish meal that adds Enteromorpha and asparagus.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the preparation method of the blue sub-fish meal that adds Enteromorpha and asparagus.
In order to realize purpose of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of blue sub-fish meal that adds Enteromorpha and asparagus and comprise: fish meal, dregs of beans, seawood meal, fish oil, soya-bean oil, tapioca and auxiliary material.
Each constituent mass percentage of described feed is as follows: fish meal 18-25%; Dregs of beans 28-32%; Seawood meal 20-25%; Fish oil 1.5-2.5%; Soya-bean oil 2-3%; Tapioca 10-15%; And other auxiliary materials 9-12%.
Described seawood meal is comprised of Enteromorpha and asparagus, both mixed proportion 1:1;
Described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex and mixed mineral matter; B B-complex mass percent 1-2% wherein, mixed mineral matter mass percent 1-2%.
Described feed comprises complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation;
Described auxiliary material is Powdered Soy Lecithin, alphalise starch, DL-METHIONINE, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, in the ascorbic acid one or more.
Described complex enzyme formulation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%;
Described compound micro-ecological preparation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%;
Each constituent mass percentage of described auxiliary material is as follows: B B-complex 1-2%, mixed mineral matter 1-2%, Powdered Soy Lecithin 1-2%, alphalise starch 5-7%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2-0.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2-0.5%.
Protein content 60-70% in the described fish meal, fat content≤10%; Protein content 40-50% in the described dregs of beans.
The preparation method of the sub-fish meal of a kind of indigo plant, described preparation method comprises:
Step 1, collection: gather wild Enteromorpha and asparagus, as the seawood meal raw material;
Step 2, pulverizing: Enteromorpha and asparagus are dried or dry, then with sample mill and pulverizer Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are carried out just pulverizing and ultramicro grinding;
Step 3, mixing: in proportion Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are mixed, and add tapioca and auxiliary material, obtain material A;
Step 4, expanded: material A is advanced the expanded material B that obtains of expanded pellet diet machine;
Step 5, again mixing: fish oil, soya-bean oil are mixed in proportion, obtain material C;
Step 6, spraying: material C is sprayed on the material B, absorb fully, obtain the finished feed that seawood meal content is 20-25%.
Wherein, all material fineness need reach the 100-120 order in the described step 2;
Auxiliary material is Powdered Soy Lecithin in the described step 3, alphalise starch, DL-METHIONINE, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, in the ascorbic acid one or more;
The moisture of adjusting material A in the described step 4 reaches 30% laggard expanded pellet diet machine, and swelling temperature is 120 ℃;
Be 0.8～1:1 with fish oil, soya-bean oil mixed proportion in the described step 5;
In the described step 6 material C is evenly sprayed on the material B in 4.5～5.5% ratios.
Wherein, described step 5 adds complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation; Described complex enzyme formulation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%; Described compound micro-ecological preparation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%.
Complex enzyme formulation should comprise non-starch polysaccharide enzyme and cellulase components among the present invention; B B-complex, compound micro-ecological preparation, mixed mineral matter are understood by those skilled in the art, it is conventional aquatic product additive, be intended to promote the aquatic products growth, nutriment is provided, those skilled in the art can have arbitrarily the aquatic product additive of this function and realize the present invention from prior art, the present invention does not make specified otherwise at this.In the present invention, B B-complex and mixed mineral matter are selected " the fish series of products " that the sincere Aqua Sciences Inc. in Guangzhou produces; " compound micro-ecological preparation " that compound micro-ecological preparation selects Qingdao master Bioisystech Co., Ltd to produce; Complex enzyme formulation is selected GuangDong YiDuoLi Biology Science Co., Ltd's product, all can in the common commercially available prod of other raw material chooses.
The present invention utilizes the food algae characteristics of blue sub-fish, has selected Enteromorpha and asparagus as main feedstuff.Its beneficial effect: 1, Lan Ziyu is the highest to protein utilization rate, fat utilization rate and the energy transformation ratio of asparagus; The highest to the coarse-fibred utilization rate of Enteromorpha, total soluble polysaccharide utilization rate, therefore both are combined, have complementary advantages; 2, the interpolation of seawood meal can minimumly be down to 20% from 30% with the fish meal use amount in the sub-fish feed formula of indigo plant, and the addition of carbohydrate is down to 15% from 30%, and it is remarkable to save the feed cost effect; 3, the interpolation of seawood meal can also improve the nutritional quality of blue sub-fish muscle in the feed, the oxidation resistance that increases essential amino acid and content of polyunsaturated fatty acid and improve the fish body; 4, the interpolation of complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation can improve the adding proportion of marine alga raw material in the feed.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Prepare in accordance with the following methods seaweed fodder:
Step 1, collection: gather wild Enteromorpha and asparagus, as the seawood meal raw material;
Step 2, pulverizing: Enteromorpha and asparagus are dried or dry, then with sample mill and pulverizer Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are carried out just pulverizing and ultramicro grinding; All material fineness need reach the 100-120 order;
Step 3, mixing: in proportion Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are mixed, and add tapioca, B B-complex, mixed mineral matter, Powdered Soy Lecithin, alphalise starch, DL-METHIONINE, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid obtains material A through fully mixing;
Step 4, expanded: adjust the moisture of material A, make it reach 30%, then advance the expanded pellet diet machine at 120 ℃ of preparation expanded pellet diets, obtain material B;
Step 5, again mixing: with the in proportion 0.8～1:1 mixing of fish oil, soya-bean oil, obtain material C;
Step 6, spraying: use spraying equipment after the vacuum, material C is evenly sprayed on the material B in 4.5～5.5% ratio, recover pressure material B is absorbed material C fully, obtain finished feed.
Embodiment 2
Employing is adjusted each raw material, ratio of adjuvant with the method for embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Employing is adjusted each raw material, ratio of adjuvant with the method for embodiment 1, and adding complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation prepare feed in step 5 simultaneously.
Comparative Examples 1
Cultivation object yellow spot fish, average just body weight 6.02g, control group and embodiment 1, embodiment 2 distribution ratios (g/kg feed) are such as table 1:
Table 1 control group and embodiment 1, embodiment 2 distribution ratios
Annotate:
A. fish meal protein content 65%, fat content 8.8%;
B. the dregs of beans protein content 46%, fat content 0.6%;
C. asparagus powder and waterside lichenin equal proportion are mixed, protein content 16%;
D. B B-complex 10, mixed mineral matter 10, Powdered Soy Lecithin 10, alphalise starch 50, DL-METHIONINE 5, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 5, Choline Chloride 2.5, ascorbic acid 2.5.Raw material that this example is sold is the commercially available prod except seawood meal.Wherein: fish meal adopts Peru's import red fish meal, or domestic vapour degreasing fish meal; Fish oil can adopt import or homemade goods; Soya-bean oil, dregs of beans, alphalise starch, Powdered Soy Lecithin, tapioca, B B-complex, mixed mineral matter, methionine, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid etc. can be purchased from internal feed company; Complex enzyme formulation can be selected GuangDong YiDuoLi Biology Science Co., Ltd's product; The product that compound micro-ecological preparation can select Qingdao master Bioisystech Co., Ltd to provide.
The spring and summer in marine site, the north, the autumn and winter in southern marine site, immediate offshore area has a large amount of Enteromorphas can supply to gather, and the Enteromorpha that collects or the asparagus of purchase obtain seawood meal through the process of " cleaning-airing-oven dry-pulverizing ".Pulverize and cross the 100-120 mesh sieve before all raw material premixs.
In the cultivation of indoor culture system, the culturing jar size is φ 1000 * 800.Every group 3 parallel, each parallel 20 tail fish.During the cultivation: 22 ± 1 ℃ of temperature, pH7.98, salinity 32.Uninterrupted oxygenation keeps flowing water during the cultivation.After 8 weeks, measure each growth indexes such as table 2.
Every growth indexes of table 2 embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and control group
Annotate: data are mean value ± standard error (n=3); In colleague's data, represent mutual significant difference (P＜0.05) without identical lowercase mark person.
From growth indexes, the mixed feed among the embodiment 1 does not affect the growth of test fish; Among the embodiment 2, the rate of body weight gain of test fish significantly is lower than control group (p＜0.05) when marine alga is added into 25%; But, among the embodiment 3, in feed, replenish complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation after, marine alga is added into 25% and can not affect the growth of test fish.In addition, among the embodiment 1～3, after adding marine alga in the feed, histidine, lysine, methionine are significantly higher than control group in the test fish muscle, EPA, DHA and total n-3 unrighted acid are significantly higher than control group, and antioxidative activities, glutathione peroxidase, catalase are significantly higher than control group.The comparison of comprehensive above data, employed feed formula resultant effect the best among the embodiment 3 and cost is lower.
Embodiment 4
Employing is with the method for embodiment 3, adjusts each raw material, ratio of adjuvant prepares feed.
Embodiment 5
Employing is with the method for embodiment 3, adjusts each raw material, ratio of adjuvant prepares feed.
Comparative Examples 2:
The cultivation object is yellow spot fish, and average just body weight is 20.3g, and control group and embodiment 3, embodiment 4 component proportions (g/kg) are such as table 3:
Table 3 control group and embodiment 4, embodiment 5 component proportions
Annotate:
A. fish meal protein content 68%, fat content 7.2%;
B. the dregs of beans protein content 43%, fat content 0.6%;
C. asparagus powder and waterside lichenin equal proportion are mixed, protein content 16%;
D. B B-complex 10, mixed mineral matter 10, Powdered Soy Lecithin 10, alphalise starch 50, DL-METHIONINE 5, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 5, Choline Chloride 2.5, ascorbic acid 2.5
Raw material sources and preparation technology are with embodiment 1.
Carry out cage culture in sea area, Nan'ao, Shantou City, net cage size 2 * 2 * 2m.Every group of 3 net cages, each net cage is placed 60 tail fishes.Water temperature is 23 ± 3 ℃ during the cultivation, salinity 32 ± 3.After 12 weeks, measure each growth indexes such as table 4.
The growth indexes of table 4 Comparative Examples 2
Annotate: data are mean value ± standard error (n=3); In colleague's data, represent mutual significant difference (P＜0.05) without identical lowercase mark person.
Embodiment 4 and control group on growth indexes without significant difference; And among the embodiment 5, the rate of body weight gain of test fish significantly is lower than control group.Therefore, the addition of algae component should not surpass 25% in the blue sub-fish meal.
The marine alga of from above embodiment and Comparative Examples as seen, adding 20-25% in the feed can not affect the growth of blue sub-fish.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a blue sub-fish meal that adds Enteromorpha and asparagus is characterized in that described feed comprises: fish meal, dregs of beans, seawood meal, fish oil, soya-bean oil, tapioca and auxiliary material.
2. the sub-fish meal of indigo plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, each constituent mass percentage of described feed is as follows: fish meal 18-25%; Dregs of beans 28-32%; Seawood meal 20-25%; Fish oil 1.5-2.5%; Soya-bean oil 2-3%; Tapioca 10-15%; And auxiliary material 9-12%.
3. the sub-fish meal of indigo plant according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Described seawood meal is comprised of Enteromorpha and asparagus, and both mixed proportions are 1:1;
Described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex and mixed mineral matter; B B-complex mass percent 1-2% wherein, mixed mineral matter mass percent 1-2%.
4. the sub-fish meal of indigo plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described feed also comprises complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation;
Described auxiliary material is Powdered Soy Lecithin, alphalise starch, DL-METHIONINE, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, one or more in the ascorbic acid.
5. the sub-fish meal of indigo plant according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described complex enzyme formulation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%;
Described compound micro-ecological preparation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%;
Each constituent mass percentage of described auxiliary material is as follows: B B-complex 1-2%, mixed mineral matter 1-2%, Powdered Soy Lecithin 1-2%, alphalise starch 5-7%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2-0.5%, calcium monohydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2-0.5%.
6. the sub-fish meal of indigo plant according to claim 1 is characterized in that, protein content 60-70% in the described fish meal, fat content≤10%; Protein content 40-50% in the described dregs of beans.
7. the preparation method of the blue sub-fish meal of arbitrary described interpolation Enteromorpha and asparagus among the claim 1-6 is characterized in that described preparation method comprises:
Step 1, collection: gather wild Enteromorpha and asparagus, as the seawood meal raw material;
Step 2, pulverizing: Enteromorpha and asparagus are dried or dry, then with sample mill and pulverizer Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are carried out just pulverizing and ultramicro grinding;
Step 3, mixing: in proportion Enteromorpha, asparagus, fish meal and dregs of beans are mixed, and add tapioca and auxiliary material, obtain material A;
Step 4, expanded: material A is advanced the expanded material B that obtains of expanded pellet diet machine;
Step 5, again mixing: fish oil, soya-bean oil are mixed in proportion, obtain material C;
Step 6, spraying: material C is sprayed on the material B, absorb fully, obtain the finished feed that seawood meal content is 20-25%.
8. preparation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
All material fineness need reach the 100-120 order in the described step 2;
Auxiliary material is Powdered Soy Lecithin in the described step 3, alphalise starch, DL-METHIONINE, calcium monohydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, one or more in the ascorbic acid;
The moisture of adjusting material A in the described step 4 reaches 30% laggard expanded pellet diet machine, and swelling temperature is 120 ℃;
Be 0.8～1:1 with fish oil, soya-bean oil mixed proportion in the described step 5;
In the described step 6 material C is evenly sprayed on the material B in 4.5～5.5% ratios.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described preparation methods, it is characterized in that described step 5 is also added complex enzyme formulation and compound micro-ecological preparation; Described complex enzyme formulation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%; Described compound micro-ecological preparation mass percent is 0.1-0.5%.
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| CN103445010A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103445009A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Compound feed for Siganus |
| CN103445008A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103960525A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-08-06 | 汕头大学 | Sparus macrocephalus feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104256059A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-01-07 | 集美大学 | Enteromorpha superfine grinding method and uses of enteromorpha |
| CN105578890A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2016-05-11 | 华盛顿大学 | Human diet equivalent animal feed |
| CN108902542A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-30 | 汕头大学 | A kind of yellow spot fish feed and preparation method thereof containing sargassum thunbergii |
| CN112931724A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Aquatic feed and application thereof |
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| CN103445009A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Compound feed for Siganus |
| CN103445008A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103445010A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2013-12-18 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103445009B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-11-12 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Compound feed for Siganus |
| CN103445010B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-11-12 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103445008B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN105578890A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2016-05-11 | 华盛顿大学 | Human diet equivalent animal feed |
| CN105578890B (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2020-09-11 | 华盛顿大学 | Human dietary equivalent animal feed |
| CN103960525A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-08-06 | 汕头大学 | Sparus macrocephalus feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN103960525B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-09-07 | 汕头大学 | A kind of black porgy feedstuff and preparation method thereof |
| CN104256059A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-01-07 | 集美大学 | Enteromorpha superfine grinding method and uses of enteromorpha |
| CN108902542A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-30 | 汕头大学 | A kind of yellow spot fish feed and preparation method thereof containing sargassum thunbergii |
| CN108902542B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2021-12-17 | 汕头大学 | Sargassum thunbergii-containing siganus oramin feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN112931724A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 国投生物科技投资有限公司 | Aquatic feed and application thereof |
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