CN103947872B - A kind of L. stellatus feed containing sea lettuce and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of L. stellatus feed containing sea lettuce and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103947872B CN103947872B CN201410144575.0A CN201410144575A CN103947872B CN 103947872 B CN103947872 B CN 103947872B CN 201410144575 A CN201410144575 A CN 201410144575A CN 103947872 B CN103947872 B CN 103947872B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of L. stellatus feed and preparation method thereof, this feed comprises protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source stock and adjunct, it is characterized in that: also comprise the ulva lactuca powder that percentage by weight is 5%; Protein sources is fish meal; Fat source raw material is selected from the group that fish oil, soya-bean oil and their mixture are formed; Sugar source raw material is tapioca; Auxiliary material is selected from the group be made up of B B-complex, composite ore material, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin powder, DL-METHIONINE, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, squid liver paste and their mixture; Wherein, feed is made up of the nutritional labeling of following percentage by weight: crude protein 41.71 ~ 42.24%, crude fat 8.67 ~ 8.81%, and remainder is carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash content and moisture.L. stellatus feed of the present invention make the rate of body weight gain of L. stellatus and survival rate higher, and the use amount of fish meal can be reduced, reduce the albumen desired level of fingerling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish feed field, particularly relate to a kind of L. stellatus feed containing sea lettuce and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
L. stellatus (LutianusstellatusAkazaki) belongs to Lutjanidae, be grown on the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean and the marine site such as South China Sea, the Taiwan Straits, belong to Perenniporia martius coastal waters near-bottom fish, it is the important famous and precious marine fish of China, because of its delicious meat, be of high nutritive value large with economic benefit and there are wide market prospects.But, current L. stellatus aquaculture large-scale development is subject to the restriction of two aspect factors, one is that feed nutrition is not comprehensive, based on algae of throwing something and feeding, shellfish and iced trash fish etc., there is no special L. stellatus mixed feed, cause poor growth, and algae, shellfish and iced trash fish etc. have the shortcomings such as unstable, the difficult storage of supply, nutritional imbalance and feed coefficient are high, huge pollution and the destruction of water body environment certainly will be caused, be unfavorable for that L. stellatus large-scale farming is produced; Two is that disease is serious, and survival rate is low.Due to the feed of long-term not comprehensive nutrition of throwing something and feeding to L. stellatus, L. stellatus is caused to resist the ability of disease low.Therefore, research and development comprehensive nutrition and meet the L. stellatus mixed feed of environmental requirement, oneself becomes the task of top priority.
Sea lettuce (UlvalactucaL.) belongs to the large ocean economic algae in Chlorophyta Ulva, and it is distributed widely in coastal area, Western Pacific, is very rich in natural resources in the wild seaweeds of China.Rapidly, have very strong vitality, power of regeneration is extremely strong in sea lettuce growth.It is delicious flavour not only, is of high nutritive value, and has very high medical value.According to the study, drystone water shield contains abundant crude fibre, carbohydrate, protein and ash content, and containing a small amount of fat.From thick protein, oneself analyzes 12 seed amino acids, wherein have 8 kinds by human body required, these amino acid are vital to human body and growing of animal; Sea lettuce contains multiple vitamin, wherein VB
12chlorella is significantly higher than with the content of VC.Analytical table alum water shield is also containing the various trace elements such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, N, Zn, Mo, Cu, I, F, and these trace elements have aspects such as the growing of human body and animal, metabolism and Physiological effect and act on widely.Therefore, sea lettuce is applicable to very much carrying out high industrial to melt the marine algae sent out, and has exploitation prospect, but there is no the report of sea lettuce as L. stellatus feed at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to utilize this wild marine alga of sea lettuce, in L. stellatus mixed feed, add the sea lettuce dry powder of proper proportion, reduce the production cost of L. stellatus feed, and also do not affect the growth even promoting L. stellatus.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of L. stellatus feed, comprising protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source stock and adjunct, it is characterized in that: described feed also comprises the ulva lactuca powder that percentage by weight is 5%; Wherein, described protein sources raw material is fish meal; Described fat source raw material is selected from fish oil, soya-bean oil or their mixture; Sugar source raw material is tapioca; Described auxiliary material is selected from the group be made up of B B-complex, composite ore material, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin powder, DL-METHIONINE, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, squid liver paste and their mixture of one or more; Wherein, described feed is made up of the nutritional labeling of following percentage by weight: crude protein 41.71 ~ 42.24%, crude fat 8.67 ~ 8.81%, and remainder is carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash content and moisture.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex and composite ore material; The percentage by weight 1 ~ 2% of wherein said B B-complex, the percentage by weight of composite ore material is 1 ~ 2%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described auxiliary material is made up of each component of following percentage by weight: B B-complex 1 ~ 2%, composite ore material 1 ~ 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3 ~ 5%, soybean lecithin powder 1 ~ 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2 ~ 0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2 ~ 0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2 ~ 0.5%, squid liver paste 0.2 ~ 0.5%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 61%, tapioca 24%, soya-bean oil 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, B B-complex 1.5%, composite ore material 1.5%, squid liver paste 0.2%, ulva lactuca powder 5%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 59%, tapioca 27%, soya-bean oil 1%, fish oil 1%, B B-complex 1.5%, composite ore material 1.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 1%, soybean lecithin powder 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, squid liver paste 0.2%, ulva lactuca powder 5%.
Another object of the present invention is to the preparation method that a kind of above-mentioned L. stellatus feed is provided, comprise the following steps:
1. sea lettuce collection: after sea lettuce gathers, cleaning, removes impurity, and with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000 ~ 5000 revs/min, centrifugal dehydration 3 ~ 10 minutes;
2. ulva lactuca powder preparation: sea lettuce is put into drying box and dry, baking temperature is 70 ~ 85 DEG C, and dry 4 ~ 5 hours, moisture controlled 10 ~ 15%, is then crushed to 80 ~ 120 orders with pulverizer, for subsequent use;
3. mix: by the percetage by weight mixing ulva lactuca powder of regulation and protein sources raw material, each component of sugared source stock and adjunct after pulverizing, stir, obtain material A;
4. expanded: described material A to be entered expanded pellet diet machine expanded, obtain material B;
5. spray: according to the percetage by weight of regulation, fat source raw material is sprayed on material B, after absorbing completely, can finished feed be obtained.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described step 4. in the moisture of material A to be adjusted to 28% laggard expanded pellet diet machine expanded, swelling temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C.
Because L. stellatus is ominivore-fish, the ulva lactuca powder of proper proportion is added in L. stellatus mixed feed by the present invention, find that L. stellatus is all higher to the protein utilization rate of sea lettuce, starch utilization ratio, soluble polysaccharide utilization rate and energy transformation ratio, therefore feed of the present invention has comprehensive nutrition, attractant is good, digestibility is high, promote the effect of juvenile growth, juvenile fish is ingested actively and anti-stress ability is strong.Compared with existing L. stellatus feed, feed of the present invention can also reduce the use amount of fish meal, reduces the albumen desired level of fingerling.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but embodiment does not limit in any form the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In order to detect the optimum addition of sea lettuce, adopt respectively interpolation 0 (contrast), 5%, 10%, 15%, the sea lettuce dry powder Peru Fish Dietary of 20% or other plant protein sources, make L. stellatus mixed feed, feed formula (numerical value is weight percentage) as shown in table 1, preparation process is as follows:
1. collect fresh sea lettuce, clean up, remove impurity, with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000-5000 rev/min, centrifugal dehydration 3 ~ 10 minutes.
2. ulva lactuca powder preparation: the sea lettuce after dehydration is put into drying box and dries, baking temperature is set to 70 ~ 85 DEG C, is set to 4 ~ 5 hours drying time, controls the moisture of dried sea lettuce between 10 ~ 15%, then 80 ~ 120 orders are crushed to pulverizer, for subsequent use.
3. mix: according to the feed formula shown in table 1, block protein sources raw material wherein, sugared source raw material are also crushed to 80 ~ 120 orders, then by percetage by weight mixing ulva lactuca powder, each protein sources raw material components, sugared source raw material components and the auxiliary material component of regulation, stir, obtain material A;
4. expanded: the moisture in material A is adjusted to 28%, enter expanded pellet diet machine expanded, swelling temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C, obtains material B;
5. spray: soya-bean oil sprays on material B by the percetage by weight specified according to table 1, after Recovery and rebuild, treats that soya-bean oil absorbs completely, can obtain finished feed.
Embodiment 2
Best containing sea lettuce L. stellatus feed formula in order to obtain, at sea lettuce content be 5% basis on, have adjusted the proportioning of raw material, auxiliary material, make different L. stellatus mixed feeds, feed formula (numerical value is weight percentage) as shown in table 2, preparation process is with embodiment 1.
Table 1
Note: a. tapioca is commercially available prod, can from internal sources market purchasing;
B. fish meal is U.S.'s fish meal, crude protein content 68%, and fish oil content is 9.4%;
C. ulva lactuca powder protein content is 16.5%, and crude fat content is 0.88%, crude fiber content 6.89%, ash content 21.89%, amino acid content (g/100g, dry weight) be: threonine (Thr) * 0.64, valine (Vla) * 0.98, methionine (Met) * 0.22, isoleucine (Ile) * 0.61, leucine (Leu) * 1.32, phenylalanine (Phe) * 0.83, lysine (Lys) * 0.89, histidine (His) * 0.21, tryptophan (Trp) * 0.22, asparatate (Asp) 1.78, serine (Ser) 0.53, glutamic acid (Glu) 1.68, proline (Pro) 0.61, glycine (Gly) 0.95, alanine (Ala) 1.23, cysteine (Cys) 0.05, tyrosine (Tyr) 0.32, arginine (Arg) 0.87, mark * is must amino acid
D. the auxiliary material such as B B-complex, composite ore material, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride can be purchased from internal feed factory;
Table 2
Embodiment 3
With formula feed prepared by embodiment 1, raise the L. stellatus of about 12g.The present embodiment is the cage culture carried out of steck at sea, and aquaculture net cage is 1 × 1 × 1.5m, has cover net, in case escape and aquatic bird.Often organize 3 parallel tests, each parallel test 30 tail fish.Temperature during cultivation is 20 ~ 26 DEG C, and salinity is 27 ~ 31 degree, and cultivate after 60 days, measure each growth indexes, the result of embodiment 1 is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Note: data are mean value ± standard error; SGR: specific growth rate; In colleague's data, represent mutual significant difference (P<0.05) without identical lowercase mark person
Embodiment 4
With formula feed prepared by embodiment 2, raise the L. stellatus of about 12 ~ 13g.The present embodiment is the cage culture carried out of steck at sea, and aquaculture net cage is 2 × 2 × 2m, has cover net, in case escape and seabird.Often organize 3 parallel tests, each parallel test 80 tail fish.Temperature during cultivation is 21 ~ 27 DEG C, and salinity is 27 ~ 31 degree.Cultivate after 90 days, measure each growth indexes, the result of embodiment 2 is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
Note: data are mean value ± standard error; In colleague's data, represent mutual significant difference (P<0.05) without identical lowercase mark person
From the growth indexes of table 3, in example 3 containing percentage by weight be the opisthosoma weight of the feed group of the ulva lactuca powder of 5%, rate of body weight gain, SGR be significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05), survival rate is also higher than other groups.The comparison of comprehensive above data, can show that the suitableeest addition of ulva lactuca powder in L. stellatus feed is weight percentage 5%, this ratio can reach good culture efficiency.
From the growth indexes of table 4, be on the basis of 5% at ulva lactuca powder percentage by weight, when adding the raw material of Different Weight ratio, the opisthosoma of VIII group of (optimization group 3) formula forage group is heavy, rate of body weight gain is all significantly higher than other groups, and survival rate is also higher than other group.The comparison of comprehensive above data, can draw when containing the L. stellatus feed of sea lettuce according to the formula preparation of VIII group (optimization group 3), can reach good culture efficiency.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a L. stellatus feed, comprises protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source stock and adjunct, it is characterized in that: described feed also comprises the ulva lactuca powder that percentage by weight is 5%;
Wherein, described protein sources raw material is fish meal; Described fat source raw material is selected from fish oil, soya-bean oil or their mixture; Sugar source raw material is tapioca; Described auxiliary material is selected from one or more in the middle of B B-complex, composite ore material, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin powder, DL-METHIONINE, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, squid liver paste;
Wherein, described feed is made up of the nutritional labeling of following percentage by weight: crude protein 41.71 ~ 42.24%, crude fat 8.67 ~ 8.81%, and remainder is carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash content and moisture.
2. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex based on feed percentages and composite ore material; The percentage by weight 1 ~ 2% of wherein said B B-complex, the percentage by weight of composite ore material is 1 ~ 2%.
3. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary material is made up of the following component based on feed percentages: B B-complex 1 ~ 2%, composite ore material 1 ~ 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3 ~ 5%, soybean lecithin powder 1 ~ 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2 ~ 0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 ~ 0.5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2 ~ 0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2 ~ 0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2 ~ 0.5%, squid liver paste 0.2 ~ 0.5%.
4. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 61%, tapioca 24%, soya-bean oil 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, B B-complex 1.5%, composite ore material 1.5%, squid liver paste 0.2%, ulva lactuca powder 5%.
5. L. stellatus as claimed in claim 1 optimizes a feed, it is characterized in that: described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 59%, tapioca 27%, soya-bean oil 1%, fish oil 1%, B B-complex 1.5%, composite ore material 1.5%, microcrystalline cellulose 1%, soybean lecithin powder 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, squid liver paste 0.2%, ulva lactuca powder 5%.
6. a preparation method for the L. stellatus feed as described in claim as arbitrary in Claims 1 to 5, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1. sea lettuce collection: after sea lettuce gathers, cleaning, removes impurity, and with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000 ~ 5000 revs/min, centrifugal dehydration 3 ~ 10 minutes;
2. ulva lactuca powder preparation: sea lettuce is put into drying box and dry, baking temperature is 70 ~ 85 DEG C, and dry 4 ~ 5 hours, moisture controlled 10 ~ 15%, is then crushed to 80 ~ 120 orders with pulverizer, for subsequent use;
3. mix: by the percetage by weight mixing ulva lactuca powder of regulation and protein sources raw material, each component of sugared source stock and adjunct after pulverizing, stir, obtain material A;
4. expanded: described material A to be entered expanded pellet diet machine expanded, obtain material B;
5. spray: according to the percetage by weight of regulation, fat source raw material is sprayed on material B, after absorbing completely, can finished feed be obtained.
7. a preparation method for L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: described step 4. in the moisture of material A to be adjusted to 28% laggard expanded pellet diet machine expanded, swelling temperature is 110 ~ 120 DEG C.
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CN108936093A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-12-07 | 汕头大学 | It is a kind of improve Nibea diacanthus air bladder quality artifical compound feed and its preparation |
CN109221649A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-18 | 汕头大学 | It is a kind of improve Nibea diacanthus air bladder quality artifical compound feed and its preparation |
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CN101233902A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-08-06 | 大连水产学院 | Sea urchin living body bait capable of improving growth rate and preparation |
CN101669569A (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-17 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Method for processing seaweed fodder |
CN103300234A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | 海南大学 | Lutjanus argentimaculatus compound feed |
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