CN103947873A - Gracilaria lemaneiformis-containing forage for lutianus stellatus Akazaki and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gracilaria lemaneiformis-containing forage for lutianus stellatus Akazaki and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103947873A CN103947873A CN201410144576.5A CN201410144576A CN103947873A CN 103947873 A CN103947873 A CN 103947873A CN 201410144576 A CN201410144576 A CN 201410144576A CN 103947873 A CN103947873 A CN 103947873A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forage for lutianus stellatus Akazaki and a preparation method thereof. The forage comprises a protein-source raw material, a fat-source raw material, a sugar-source raw material and auxiliary materials, and is characterized by also comprising 15% by weight of gracilaria lemaneiformis powder. The protein-resource raw material is fish meal; the fat-source raw material is selected from fish oil, soybean oil and mixture thereof; the sugar-source raw material is cassava starch; and the auxiliary materials is selected from composite vitamins, mixed mineral substances, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean phospholipid powder, DL-methionine, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline, ascorbic acid, squid paste and mixture thereof. The forage is composed of, in percent by weight, 41.71-42.24% of crude protein, 8.67-8.81% of crude fat, and the balance carbohydrates, crude fiber, ash and water. The forage for lutianus stellatus Akazaki helps lutianus stellatus Akazaki to have relatively high weight gain rate and survival rate, the usage amount of fish meal can be reduced, and the protein demand level of fingerlings is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish feed field, relate in particular to a kind of L. stellatus feed that contains asparagus and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
L. stellatus (Lutianus stellatus Akazaki) belongs to Lutjanidae, grow in the marine sites such as the Indian Ocean, the South Pacific Ocean and South China Sea, the Taiwan Straits, belong to Perenniporia martius coastal waters near-bottom fish, it is the important famous and precious marine fish of China, because of its delicious meat, be of high nutritive value and there are greatly wide market prospects with economic benefit.Yet, L. stellatus aquaculture large-scale development is subject to the restriction of two aspect factors at present, the one, feed nutrition is not comprehensive, take and throw something and feed algae, shellfish and iced trash fish etc. as main, there is no special-purpose L. stellatus mixed feed, cause poor growth, and algae, shellfish and iced trash fish etc. have the shortcomings such as supply unstable, difficult storage, nutritional imbalance and feed coefficient height, certainly will cause huge pollution and the destruction of water body environment, be unfavorable for the production of L. stellatus large-scale farming; The 2nd, disease is serious, and survival rate is low.Due to for a long time, to the throw something and feed feed of not comprehensive nutrition of L. stellatus, cause the ability of L. stellatus opposing disease low.Therefore, research and development comprehensive nutrition and meet the L. stellatus mixed feed of environmental requirement, oneself becomes the task of top priority.
Asparagus (Gracilaria lemaneiformis) belongs to Rhodophyta, Gigartinales, and river hedge belongs to, and is a kind of red algae sea-plant, is the important economic algae of China.In asparagus, being rich in protein, dietary fiber, algal polysaccharides, mineral matter, high unsaturated fatty acid, amino acid, many halogen multi-diterpene quasi-compound, phytosterin compound, trace element and vitamin and multiple active skull cap components, is the raw material of the natural desirable nutraceutical of a kind of high protein, low heat value, high physiologically active.
Due to the above characteristic of asparagus, asparagus exploitation is had to wide prospect as feed, but still few to the research of asparagus feed at present, it is had no to report as L. stellatus feed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to utilize this wild marine alga of asparagus, in L. stellatus mixed feed, add the asparagus dry powder of proper proportion, reduce the production cost of L. stellatus feed, and also do not affect the growth that even promotes L. stellatus.
In order to realize object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of L. stellatus feed, comprise protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source stock and adjunct, it is characterized in that: described feed also comprises that percentage by weight is 15% asparagus powder; Wherein, described protein sources raw material is fish meal; Described fat source raw material is selected from fish oil, soya-bean oil or their mixture; Sugar source raw material is tapioca; The group that described auxiliary material selects one or more mixture of free B B-complex, mixed mineral matter, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin powder, DL-METHIONINE, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, squid cream and they to form; Wherein, described feed is comprised of the nutritional labeling of following percentage by weight: crude protein 41.89～42.14%, and crude fat 8.51～8.71%, remainder is carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash content and moisture.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex and mixed mineral matter; The percentage by weight 1～2% of wherein said B B-complex, the percentage by weight of mixed mineral matter is 1～2%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described auxiliary material consists of each component of following percentage by weight: B B-complex 1～2%, mixed mineral matter 1～2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3～5%, soybean lecithin powder 1～2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2～0.5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2～0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2～0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2～0.5%, squid cream 0.2～0.5%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 59%, tapioca 17%, soya-bean oil 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, sodium cellulose glycolate 0.2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, B B-complex 1.5%, mixed mineral matter 1.5%, squid cream 0.2%, asparagus powder 15%.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 57%, tapioca 20%, soya-bean oil 1%, fish oil 1%, B B-complex 1.5%, mixed mineral matter 1.5%, soybean lecithin powder 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, squid cream 0.2%, asparagus powder 15%.
The preparation method who another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned L. stellatus feed, comprises the following steps:
1. asparagus gathers: after asparagus gathers, clean, remove impurity, with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000～5000 revs/min, centrifugal dehydration 3～10 minutes;
2. asparagus powder preparation: asparagus is put into drying box and dry, baking temperature is 70～85 ℃, and dry 4～5 hours, moisture was controlled at 10～15%, is then crushed to 80～120 orders with pulverizer, standby;
3. mix: percetage by weight is in accordance with regulations mixed protein sources raw material, sugared source each component of stock and adjunct after asparagus powder and pulverizing, stirs, and obtains material A;
4. expanded: described material A to be entered to expanded pellet diet machine expanded, obtain material B;
5. spraying: percetage by weight according to the rules sprays to fat source raw material in material A, after absorbing completely, can obtain finished feed.
As a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is expanded that described step is adjusted into 28% laggard expanded pellet diet machine by the moisture of material A in 4., and swelling temperature is 110～120 ℃.
Because L. stellatus is ominivore-fish, the present invention is added into the asparagus powder of proper proportion in L. stellatus mixed feed, find that L. stellatus is all higher to the protein utilization rate of asparagus, fat utilization rate, soluble polysaccharide utilization rate and energy transformation ratio, therefore feed of the present invention has comprehensive nutrition, attractant is good, digestibility is high, promote the effect of juvenile growth, juvenile fish is ingested actively and anti-stress ability strong.Compare with existing L. stellatus feed, feed of the present invention can also reduce the use amount of fish meal, reduces the albumen desired level of fingerling.
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The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described, but embodiment does not limit in any form the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In order to detect the optimum addition of asparagus, employing interpolation 0(contrast respectively), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% asparagus dry powder Peru Fish Dietary or other plant protein sources, make L. stellatus mixed feed, feed formula (numerical value is weight percentage) as shown in table 1, preparation process is as follows:
1. collect fresh asparagus, clean up, remove impurity, with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000-5000 rev/min, centrifugal dehydration 3～10 minutes.
2. asparagus powder preparation: the asparagus after dehydration is put into drying box and dry, baking temperature is made as 70～85 ℃, is made as 4～5 hours drying time, controls the moisture of dried asparagus between 10～15%, then with pulverizer, be crushed to 80～120 orders, standby.
3. mix: according to the feed formula shown in table 1, block protein sources raw material wherein, sugared source raw material are also crushed to 80～120 orders, then percetage by weight is in accordance with regulations mixed asparagus powder, each protein sources raw material components, sugared source raw material components and auxiliary material component, stirs, and obtains material A;
4. expanded: the moisture in material A is adjusted into 28%, enters expanded pellet diet machine expanded, swelling temperature is 110～120 ℃, obtains material B;
5. spraying: the percetage by weight according to table 1 regulation sprays to soya-bean oil in material A, recovers, after pressure, to treat that soya-bean oil absorbs completely, can obtain finished feed.
Embodiment 2
Best containing asparagus L. stellatus feed formula in order to obtain, on the basis that is 15% at asparagus content, adjust the proportioning of raw material, auxiliary material, made different L. stellatus mixed feeds, feed formula (numerical value is weight percentage) as shown in table 2, preparation process is with embodiment 1.
Table 1
Note: a. tapioca is commercially available prod, can be from domestic raw materials market buying;
B. fish meal is U.S.'s fish meal, crude protein content 68%, and fish oil content is 9.4%;
C. asparagus amyloid proteins content is 19.14%, fat content is 0.5%, crude fiber content 5.8%, ash content 28.77%, amino acid content (g/100g, dry weight): threonine (Thr) * 0.70, valine (Vla) * 1.11, methionine (Met) * 0.53, isoleucine (Ile) * 0.94, leucine (Leu) * 1.32, phenylalanine (Phe) * 0.83, lysine (Lys) * 0.89, histidine (His) * 0.21, tryptophan (Trp) * 0.22, asparatate (Asp) 1.71, serine (Ser) 0.61, glutamic acid (Glu) 1.92, proline (Pro) 0.63, glycine (Gly) 0.85, alanine (Ala) 0.99, cysteine (Cys) 0.15, tyrosine (Tyr) 0.42, arginine (Arg) 1.42, taurine 1.06, mark * is necessary amino acid,
D. the auxiliary material Ke Cong internal feed factory such as B B-complex, mixed mineral matter, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Choline Chloride buying.
Table 2
Embodiment 3
With the formula feed of embodiment 1 preparation, raise the approximately L. stellatus of 11～12g.The present embodiment is the cage culture that at sea steck carries out, and aquaculture net cage is 1 * 1 * 1.5m, has cover net, in case escape and seabird.Every group of 3 parallel tests, each parallel test 30 tail fish.Temperature during cultivation is 20～26 ℃, and salinity is 27～31 degree, cultivates after 60 days, measures each growth indexes, and the result of embodiment 1 is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
| Group | Ⅰ（0） | Ⅱ（5%） | Ⅲ（10%） | Ⅳ（15%） | Ⅴ（20%） |
| First counterpoise (g) | 11.83±0.10 | 12.17±0.54 | 11.78±0.56 | 11.06±0.34 | 11.78±0.64 |
| End counterpoise (g) | 24.24±0.47 cd | 25.01±0.60 bc | 25.03±0.27 bc | 26.61±0.41 a | 25.75±0.38 ab |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 1.11±0.09 b | 1.06±0.04 b | 1.13±0.08 b | 1.41±0.09 a | 1.05±0.05 b |
| SGR | 1.19±0.04 b | 1.20±0.03 b | 1.26±0.06 b | 1.47±0.03 a | 1.31±0.07 b |
| Survival rate (%) | 83.33±0.02 b | 87.78±0.01 a | 88.89±0.01 a | 90±0.02 a | 83.33±0.01 b |
Note: data are mean value ± standard error; SGR: specific growth rate; In colleague's data, without identical lowercase mark person, represent mutual significant difference (P<0.05)
Embodiment 4
With the formula feed of embodiment 2 preparations, raise the approximately L. stellatus of 12～13g.The present embodiment is the cage culture that at sea steck carries out, and aquaculture net cage is 2 * 2 * 2m, has cover net, in case escape and aquatic bird.Every group of 3 parallel tests, each parallel test 80 tail fish.Temperature during cultivation is 21～28 ℃, and salinity is 27～31 degree.Cultivate after 90 days, measure each growth indexes, the result of embodiment 2 is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
| Group | IV (enforcement group) | VI (optimization group 1) | VII (optimization group 2) | VIII (optimization group 3) |
| First counterpoise (g) | 12.63±0.21 | 12.72±0.53 | 12.38±0.57 | 12.86±0.39 |
| End counterpoise (g) | 45.24±0.47 b | 47.15±0.60 b | 55.03±0.27 a | 49.61±0.41 b |
| Rate of body weight gain (%) | 2.58±0.07 b | 2.71±0.09 b | 3.45±0.13 a | 2.86±0.11 b |
| Survival rate (%) | 92.33±0.18 | 93.67±0.17 | 96.33±0.16 | 95.67±0.11 |
Note: data are mean value ± standard error; In colleague's data, without identical lowercase mark person, represent mutual significant difference (P<0.05)
From the growth indexes of table 3, opisthosoma weight, rate of body weight gain, the SGR of the feed group of the asparagus powder that is 15% containing percentage by weight in example 3 are significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05), and survival rate is also higher than other groups.The comparison of comprehensive above data, can show that the suitableeest addition of asparagus powder in L. stellatus feed is weight percentage 15%, and this ratio can reach good culture efficiency.
Growth indexes from table 4, at asparagus powder percentage by weight, be on 15% basis, when adding the raw material of Different Weight ratio, the opisthosoma of VII group (optimization group 2) formula feed group is heavy, rate of body weight gain is all significantly higher than other groups, and survival rate is also a little more than other group.The comparison of comprehensive above data, in the time of can drawing the L. stellatus feed that contains asparagus according to the formula preparation of VII group (optimization group 2), can reach good culture efficiency.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a L. stellatus feed, comprises protein sources raw material, fat source raw material, sugared source stock and adjunct, it is characterized in that: described feed also comprises that percentage by weight is 15% asparagus powder;
Wherein, described protein sources raw material is fish meal; Described fat source raw material is selected from fish oil, soya-bean oil or their mixture; Sugar source raw material is tapioca; The group that described auxiliary material selects one or more mixture of free B B-complex, mixed mineral matter, microcrystalline cellulose, soybean lecithin powder, DL-METHIONINE, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Choline Chloride, ascorbic acid, squid cream and they to form;
Wherein, described feed is comprised of the nutritional labeling of following percentage by weight: crude protein 41.89～42.14%, and crude fat 8.51～8.71%, remainder is carbohydrate, crude fibre, ash content and moisture.
2. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material comprises B B-complex and mixed mineral matter; The percentage by weight 1～2% of wherein said B B-complex, the percentage by weight of mixed mineral matter is 1～2%.
3. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described auxiliary material consists of each component of following percentage by weight: B B-complex 1～2%, mixed mineral matter 1～2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3～5%, soybean lecithin powder 1～2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2～0.5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2～0.5%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2～0.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2～0.5%, ascorbic acid 0.2～0.5%, squid cream 0.2～0.5%.
4. a L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 59%, tapioca 17%, soya-bean oil 2%, microcrystalline cellulose 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.2%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, B B-complex 1.5%, mixed mineral matter 1.5%, squid cream 0.2%, asparagus powder 15%.
5. L. stellatus as claimed in claim 1 is optimized a feed, it is characterized in that: described feed is prepared according to following raw material weight percentage: fish meal 57%, tapioca 20%, soya-bean oil 1%, fish oil 1%, B B-complex 1.5%, mixed mineral matter 1.5%, soybean lecithin powder 2%, DL-METHIONINE 0.2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.4%, Choline Chloride 0.2%, squid cream 0.2%, asparagus powder 15%.
6. a preparation method for the L. stellatus feed as described in claim as arbitrary in claim 1～5, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1. asparagus gathers: after asparagus gathers, clean, remove impurity, with centrifugal dehydrator dehydration, the rotating speed of centrifugal dehydrator is 3000～5000 revs/min, centrifugal dehydration 3～10 minutes;
2. asparagus powder preparation: asparagus is put into drying box and dry, baking temperature is 70～85 ℃, and dry 4～5 hours, moisture was controlled at 10～15%, is then crushed to 80～120 orders with pulverizer, standby;
3. mix: percetage by weight is in accordance with regulations mixed protein sources raw material, sugared source each component of stock and adjunct after asparagus powder and pulverizing, stirs, and obtains material A;
4. expanded: described material A to be entered to expanded pellet diet machine expanded, obtain material B;
5. spraying: percetage by weight according to the rules sprays to fat source raw material in material A, after absorbing completely, can obtain finished feed.
7. a preparation method for L. stellatus feed as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: it is expanded that described step is adjusted into 28% laggard expanded pellet diet machine by the moisture of material A in 4., and swelling temperature is 110～120 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104705495A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 江西中成人药业有限公司 | Special traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide feed additive for pets |
| CN106173201A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 汕头大学 | A kind of fermentation process improving Thallus Gracilariae quality |
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| CN103300234A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | 海南大学 | Lutjanus argentimaculatus compound feed |
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| CN103300234A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | 海南大学 | Lutjanus argentimaculatus compound feed |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104705495A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 江西中成人药业有限公司 | Special traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide feed additive for pets |
| CN106173201A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 汕头大学 | A kind of fermentation process improving Thallus Gracilariae quality |
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Application publication date: 20140730 |