CN103026544B - 高电压电池感测线处的借助于保险丝的安全部件 - Google Patents

高电压电池感测线处的借助于保险丝的安全部件 Download PDF

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CN103026544B
CN103026544B CN201180029500.2A CN201180029500A CN103026544B CN 103026544 B CN103026544 B CN 103026544B CN 201180029500 A CN201180029500 A CN 201180029500A CN 103026544 B CN103026544 B CN 103026544B
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赵世勋
张洙晔
崔荣林
金相赫
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SK On Co Ltd
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Abstract

用于使用保险丝来防止由高电压电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的设备，该设备包括：设置有多个电池单元的多个电池模块；包括多个电池模块的电池组；电池管理系统（BMS），用于对设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压进行监测和控制，以监测每个电池单元的状态；连接在电池模块与电池管理系统之间的感测线，以感测每个电池组的每个电池单元的电压；以及被动安全装置，当感测线中形成闭合电路的短路事故发生时，该被动安全装置串联连接至设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的端子。

Description

高电压电池感测线处的借助于保险丝的安全部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于使用保险丝来防止在高电压电池中的感测线的二次短路的设备，更具体地，涉及一种使用保险丝的、在高电压电池的感测线中的二次短路防止设备，当连接在电池模块与电池管理系统之间以对电池单元的电压值进行并行检查的感测线中形成闭合电路的短路发生时，该设备通过将被动安全装置（例如保险丝和正温度系数（PTC）装置）连接至感测线来防止二次事故和三次事故。
背景技术
具有使用汽油或柴油作为主要燃料的内燃机（IC发动机）的汽车对环境污染例如空气污染产生显著的影响。因此，已经在电动车辆或混合动力车辆的发展方面做出了很大努力以降低环境污染。
近来，使用具有高密度能量的非水电解质的高功率二次电池正在开发中。具有大容量的二次电池由多个串联连接的高功率二次电池形成，以用于需要高功率来驱动电机的装置中，如电动车辆中。因此，一般地说，一个大容量二次电池单元（下文中称为“电池”）由多个串联连接的二次电池形成。
尤其对用于混合动力车辆（HEV）的电池来说，几个或者有时几百个二次电池单元被再充电而又放电，并且需要通过控制再充电-放电系统来将电池保持在最佳状态。
为此，设置了电池管理系统（BMS）来控制电池的整体状态。BMS通过对电池的电压、电流以及温度进行检测的操作来估计片上系统（SOC），并控制SOC以保持车辆的最佳燃料效率。
使用高电压电池的HEV配备有当紧急状态发生时自动切断来自主高电压电池的电力的系统。
紧急状态是指：由相关部件老化而发生的短路所引起的不当短路和绝缘击穿，或者由外部冲击造成的部件破坏而引起的不当短路和绝缘击穿。当车辆发生紧急状态时，控制高电压的上层部件例如BMS或混合控制单元（HCU）通过发送命令以切断主电力来控制电源。
在通过一系列程序或传感器来监测用于连接电力的线中的电压和电流期间发现泄漏电流和绝缘电阻破坏大于容限的情况下，当检测到电压或电流超出正常范围时，与高电压有关的部件通过控制器局域网（CAN）通信或信号传输来切断主电力。
用于确保涉及用于电动车辆的大容量电池的安全的这些传统技术被设计为针对电池被用作主电力的情况，但是仍然未配备有任何装置来确保避免监测电池状态的感测线的短路的安全。
如上所述，电池由串联和并联连接的多个电池单元形成，使得该电池能够具有用户所期望的功率和存储能力，并且所有这些被使用的电池单元通过BMS被监测，并被设计成当任何事故发生时或担心会发生时采取适当的动作来防止这样的事故。该系统被称为“主动安全装置”。
然而，事故并非只发生于当车辆处于操作状态时。因此，需要一种用于在车辆未处于操作状态（即，BMS未被启动以进行操作的状态）时防止任何事故发生的装置。
针对这种情况出现了手动安全装置。例如，提供了用于附接辅助装置以使用电池物理状态的变化来切断电连接的方法，或将大容量保险丝安装在提供电池与逆变器之间的电连接的主电力线上来切断电连接的方法。但是对于感测线，由于未准备独立的手动安全装置，所以当短路事故发生时存在感测线着火的较大可能性。相应地，担心发生二次火灾（电池着火）和三次火灾（车辆着火）。
发明内容
技术问题
被发明来改善传统技术的本发明的实施方式是要提供一种用于使用保险丝来防止由高电压电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的设备，该设备通过将用于连接在电池模块与电池管理系统之间的感测线的被动安全装置附接至靠近电池单元的位置来防止由感测线的短路所引起的着火事故，这一点不同于传统技术，传统技术是将高容量保险丝附接至用于将电池和逆变器进行电连接的主电力线。
解决问题的方案
为了解决传统技术的问题，用于使用保险丝来防止由高电压电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的设备包括：设置有多个电池单元的多个电池模块；包括多个电池模块的电池组；对设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压进行监测和控制以监测每个电池单元的状态的电池管理系统（BMS）；连接在电池模块与电池管理系统之间以感测每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压的感测线；以及被动安全装置，当在感测线中形成闭合电路的短路事故发生时，该被动安全装置串联连接至设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的端子。
在该设备中，被动安全装置被实现为保险丝或正温度系数（PTC）装置。
在该设备中，被动安全装置附接在电池模块附近。
该设备应用于使用锂离子高电压电池的车辆。
在该设备中，由于实际电流太弱，连接到设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的感测线由具有0.5mm2或更小的横截面积的导线形成。
本发明的有益效果
根据本发明的实施方式的、用于使用保险丝来防止由高电压电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的设备，通过将被动安全装置（例如保险丝和正温度系数（PTC）装置）连接至连接在电池模块与电池管理系统（BMS）之间以对电池单元的电压值进行并行检查的感测线来防止在车辆的发动机未进行操作的状态下（即，当BMS未操作时）由感测线的短路所引起的二次事故。
附图说明
图1示出了根据传统技术的附接有被动安全装置的情况。
图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的附接有被动安全装置的情况。
具体实施方式
下文中，将参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细描述。
图1示出了根据传统技术的附接有被动安全装置的情况。图2示出了根据本发明的实施方式的附接有被动安全装置的情况。
根据本发明的实施方式的用于使用保险丝来防止由高电压电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的二次事故防止设备，如图2所示，包括电池模块100、电池管理系统200、感测线300以及被动安全装置400。
根据本发明的实施方式的电池模块100每个均包括多个电池单元。电池组包括多个电池模块100。
根据本发明的实施方式的电池管理系统200对设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压进行监测和控制，以监测电池组的每个电池单元的状态。
感测线300连接电池模块100和电池管理系统200。感测线300感测设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压。
感测线300连接至每个电池组的每个电池单元。如上所述，提供了其中电池单元被分层的电池组，并且电池管理系统200位于与电池组隔开的位置。此外，电池组的每个电池单元被形成为连接至电池管理系统200。
因此，通过每条感测线300连接至n个电池单元的电池管理系统200感测所述n个电池单元的信息并控制所述n个电池单元的操作。当电池单元连接至一个电池管理系统200时，电池管理系统200可以感测每个电池单元的电压和温度。
感测线300的数目大于基本上包括在电池中的电池单元的数目。例如，当包括在电池中的电池单元的数目为20时，感测线300的数目为至少21。此外，由于感测线300的实际电流太弱，所以感测线300由细导线形成。
在感测线300中，连接了几kΩ的电阻，以测量电池单元的电压。因此，在实际电流较弱的情况下，感测线300由具有0.5mm2或更小的横截面积的导线形成。
当由于内部或外部因素而发生短路事故时，瞬间有大量电流流动。因为电流不是通过由用于将电池与逆变器电连接的主电力线形成闭合电路而是通过由感测线300形成闭合电路而流动的，所以主电力线的保险丝是无意义的。
通过将被动安全装置400（例如保险丝和正温度系数（PTC）装置）连接至感测线300来防止由一次短路事故所引起的二次火灾事故和三次火灾事故的发生。
被动安全装置400随着在感测线300中形成闭合电路的短路事故的发生而通过与设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的端子直接连接来操作。被动安全装置400可以实现为保险丝或PTC装置。
如图2中示出的，优选的是，被动安全装置400附接在电池模块100附近。因为短路事故可能发生在感测线300的任意点处，所以将被动安全装置400附接至靠近电池单元的位置是有效的。
当被动安全装置例如保险丝和PTC装置通过用于检测电池单元的电压值的感测线串联连接在电池模块与电池管理系统之间时，可以实现本发明的如下效果：防止在车辆的发动机未进行操作的状态下（即，当BMS未操作时）由感测线的短路所引起的二次事故和三次事故。
尽管上文对本发明的优选实施方式进行了详细描述，但是将会明显的是，在不脱离本发明的基本构思和范围的情况下，可以作出多种修改。
因此，本发明的范围不限于上述实施方式，而是所附权利要求的任何等同物以及权利要求本身旨在落入本发明的构思的范围内。
尽管已经参照某些优选的实施方式和附图描述了多个示例性实施方式，但是将会明显的是，本发明不限于上述实施方式，并且本领域普通技术人员可以根据该描述作出各种变化和修改。因此，本发明的构思应当由所附权利要求本身来解释，并且应当理解的是，权利要求的任何等同物或等同改型均旨在落入本发明的构思的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于使用被动安全装置来防止由电池中的感测线的短路所引起的二次事故的设备，包括：
设置有多个电池单元的多个电池模块；
包括多个电池模块的电池组；
电池管理系统，所述电池管理系统用于对设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的电压进行监测和控制，以监测每个电池单元的状态；
连接在所述电池模块与所述电池管理系统之间的感测线，以感测每个电池组的每个电池单元的电压；以及
被动安全装置，连接至所述感测线，并且当所述感测线中形成闭合电路的短路事故发生时，所述被动安全装置串联连接至设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的端子以进行操作，
其中当所述电池管理系统未操作并且由所述感测线中发生的短路事故形成闭合电路时，所述被动安全装置进行操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述被动安全装置被实现为保险丝或正温度系数装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述被动安全装置附接在所述电池模块附近。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，所述设备应用于使用锂离子电池的车辆。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，由于实际电流太弱，连接至设置在每个电池组中的每个电池单元的所述感测线由具有0.5mm2或更小的横截面积的导线形成。
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