CN103025386A - 用于治疗微生物感染的罗望子种子多糖 - Google Patents

用于治疗微生物感染的罗望子种子多糖 Download PDF

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CN103025386A
CN103025386A CN2011800253550A CN201180025355A CN103025386A CN 103025386 A CN103025386 A CN 103025386A CN 2011800253550 A CN2011800253550 A CN 2011800253550A CN 201180025355 A CN201180025355 A CN 201180025355A CN 103025386 A CN103025386 A CN 103025386A
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A·焦里
G·蒙贝利
S·托格尼
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Yidina Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及罗望子种子多糖(TSP)作为抗微生物剂的用途以及含有其作为活性成分的抗微生物组合物。含有TSP的抗微生物组合物可特别用于在治疗和/或预防皮肤和粘膜层的微生物感染中的局部施用。

Description

用于治疗微生物感染的罗望子种子多糖
发明技术领域
本发明涉及罗望子种子多糖作为抗微生物剂的用途以及含有其作为活性成分的抗微生物组合物。
发明背景
罗望子种子多糖(TSP)是从酸豆(Tamarindus indica)的种子获得的天然多糖聚合物,酸豆是一种可达到15米高并且产生豆荚形式的果实的常绿植物。它在印度、非洲以及整个远东地区非常常见,在这些地方,它主要作为食物种植。果实含有具有高比例多糖的大种子,多糖具有聚集和保存重要能量给予物质的功能。罗望子种子最初被认为是废品,后来发现在碾磨获得粉质产品(称为罗望子胶或罗望子坚果粉)后具有不同的应用。这些应用中最重要的是在纺织工业和造纸工业方面,其中罗望子胶被用作上浆剂和胶粘剂,以及在食品工业方面,其中它与其它多糖类似,在各种产品中用作增稠剂、胶凝剂、稳定剂和粘合剂。罗望子胶原料是含有65%至73%重量的多糖、15%至23%重量的蛋白质物质、3%至8%重量的脂肪和油和2%至4%重量的灰分以及较少量的生纤维(raw fibre)、鞣酸及其它杂质的可购买获得的产品。
近来,TSP也已经在药物领域用作泪液替代品中的活性成分(WO2009/044423)、局部施用的缓释眼用药物的载体(WO97/28787)和由于其粘膜粘附特性而更通常用作赋形剂(WO2006/131262)。
发明概述
本发明涉及罗望子种子多糖在预防和/或治疗微生物感染中的用途。
本发明还涉及包含与一种或多种可接受的赋形剂混合的作为活性成分的罗望子种子多糖的抗微生物药物和/或皮肤美容化妆(dermocosmetic)组合物。
而且,本发明涉及预防或治疗患有微生物感染的患者的方法,该方法包括施用治疗有效量的罗望子种子多糖。
发明详述
我们现在已经发现,罗望子种子多糖(下文称为TSP)具有抗微生物性质,特别是当局部施用时如此。
因此,本发明的目的是TSP作为抗微生物剂的用途,特别是TSP作为用于局部施用的抗微生物剂的用途。
本发明的另一目的是包含与一种或多种可接受的赋形剂混合的TSP的抗微生物药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物,更特别是包含与一种或多种可接受的赋形剂混合的TSP的用于局部施用的抗微生物药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物。
TSP可以单独地或与其它活性成分组合地用作本发明的抗微生物剂。
因此,本发明的另一目的是TSP与一种或多种活性成分组合作为抗微生物剂的用途,更特别是TSP与一种或多种活性成分组合作为用于局部施用的抗微生物剂的用途。
包括与一种或多种可接受的赋形剂混合的TSP与一种或多种活性成分的组合的抗微生物药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物和更特别是用于局部施用的抗微生物药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物也构成了本发明的目的。
根据本发明,“TSP”指从可购买获得的罗望子胶(例如以商标
Figure BDA00002446155500021
获自Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Ltd.或以商标
Figure BDA00002446155500022
获自Indena SpA)获得的富含多糖的级分。
可以与TSP组合使用的活性成分例如有抗微生物剂、抗炎剂、创伤愈合剂。
优选的抗微生物剂有抗生素,如克林霉素、红霉素、苄青霉素、四环素、氯霉素、万古霉素和利奈唑胺。
抗炎剂包括甾体抗炎药物如可的松和非甾体抗炎药物如乙酰水杨酸和布洛芬。
创伤愈合剂可以是天然来源或合成来源的。
特别优选的是TSP与其它植物来源提取物、特别是具有抗微生物和/或抗炎和/或创伤愈合性质的植物来源提取物的组合。
TSP与其它植物来源提取物组合使用可以对抗微生物活性具有协同作用。
可以与TSP组合使用的植物来源提取物的优选实例有意大利蜡菊(Helichrysum italicum)、松果菊(Echinacea spp.)、欧洲七叶树(Aesculushippocastanum)和花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)的提取物。
意大利蜡菊、松果菊和欧洲七叶树的提取物已经分别已知具有抗微生物作用。
意大利蜡菊提取物中的活性成分包含在植物的地上部分中,其含有非类黄酮的异戊烯化多酚。意大利蜡菊提取物是已知的,并且可以通过常规方法制得。
松果菊提取物的活性成分包含在植物的地上部分中,其含有松果菊苷。松果菊提取物是已知的,并且可以通过常规方法制得。
欧洲七叶树提取物的活性成分包含在植物的种子和树皮中,其含有原花色素A2(PA2)。
欧洲七叶树提取物是已知的,并且可以通过已知方法制得。
花椒提取物中的活性成分包含在果皮中,其含有链烷酰胺(alkamides)。花椒提取物是已知的,并且可以通过常规方法制得。
对于用作本发明的抗微生物剂,TSP被配制在适宜的药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物中,优选配制在局部用药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物中。本发明的局部用药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物包含与一种或多种适宜的赋形剂混合的TSP,其可以例如是乳膏剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、口胶剂、牙膏、嗽口剂或香波的形式。
TSP通常可以以0.1%至5%重量、优选0.1%至2%重量、甚至更优选0.2%至1%重量的量使用。
任选存在的与TSP组合的其它活性成分以适宜的有效量进行使用。对与TSP组合使用的其它植物来源提取物而言,它们的量通常为0.1%至5%重量、优选0.1%至2%重量、甚至更优选0.2%至1%重量。
可以用于本发明的组合物的适宜赋形剂的实例有溶剂、稀释剂、助流剂、防腐剂、树胶、甜味剂、包衣剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、分散剂、着色剂、矫味剂、无粘剂(non-stick agents)、表面活性剂、增塑剂、乳化剂、螯合剂和柔润剂。
优选使用的溶剂为水,但是也可以使用可能与水混合的醇或其它有机溶剂。
赋形剂的选择是本领域技术人员的常识的一部分,将主要取决于所选择的药物和/或皮肤美容化妆形式。
例如,乳膏剂可以通过将TSP掺入局部用载体中来制备,所述载体由利用润滑剂分散于水性介质中的液体石蜡组成。软膏剂可以通过将TSP与局部用载体如矿物油或蜡混合来制备。凝胶可以通过将TSP与含有胶凝剂的局部用载体混合来制备。
本发明的药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物也可以是涂布有或浸润了TSP与适宜载体或基质的混合物的纺织或无纺材料,TSP分散于所述载体或基质中以便与皮肤接触用于透皮施用。特定的实例有橡皮膏、纱布、小毛巾等。
药物和/或皮肤美容化妆形式的类型的选择将主要取决于待处理的区域,并且是本领域技术人员的常识的一部分。例如,口胶剂或嗽口剂可以更适于处置口腔,而乳膏剂、软膏剂、洗剂或小毛巾可以适于面部皮肤。
根据本发明用TSP进行治疗可有效地刺激抗微生物反应,特别是当局部施用于皮肤和粘膜层时。
根据本发明,术语“微生物感染”指宿主生物体被一种或多种微生物种属有害地定殖。宿主生物体可以是人或动物,优选人。引起感染的微生物可以是细菌、酵母、病毒或真菌。TSP被特别指示用于治疗和/或预防细菌感染。
因此,本发明的组合物可用于治疗由于存在一种或多种微生物而引起的任意皮肤或粘膜层病症。皮肤或粘膜层与本发明的组合物之间的接触降低了接触区域的生物负荷量、即微生物数目。
根据本发明,术语“皮肤”以其常规含义使用,即,包括上皮组织在内的外部器官。术语“粘膜层”也以其常用含义使用,指身体的所有粘膜屏障,例如胃肠、肺、舌下、口腔、直肠、阴道、鼻、尿道和眼屏障。
本发明的组合物优选通过局部施用来直接应用于存在或假定存在微生物感染或由存在微生物引起的其它病症的皮肤或粘膜层区域。感染通常在存在损伤如创伤、划破或灼伤的皮肤或粘膜层处开始。在这种情况中,本发明的组合物可以直接应用于损伤和/或周围区域。
许多由微生物引起的皮肤和粘膜层病症是已知的。例如,可以通过应用本发明的组合物来有效治疗或预防的一种皮肤或粘膜层病症是溃疡,即,一种在皮肤或粘膜层上的开放性创伤,它通常最初由磨损、然后是微生物感染引起。
可以用本发明的组合物治疗每个阶段(Merck Manual’s分类系统中的1至6)的溃疡。溃疡在糖尿病患者中是最频繁的(糖尿病性溃疡、尤其是糖尿病足溃疡)。
口腔粘膜层的溃疡形成也可以用本发明的组合物进行治疗。
特别地,TSP可用于局部治疗粘膜炎和口炎。
术语粘膜炎和口炎通常可互换使用,尽管这两种病症可存在一些差异。
粘膜炎是影响胃肠道的毒性炎性反应,可以由于暴露于化疗剂或电离辐射而引起。粘膜炎通常表现为类似于灼伤的红斑状病损或者表现为从局部扩散的随机的溃疡性病损。
口炎是一种影响口腔粘膜的、有或无溃疡形成的炎性反应,其可以由药理学治疗、特别是化疗或放疗引起或加剧。
口炎的程度可以是轻度至重度,患有严重口炎的患者可能不能通过口来进食或饮水或服用医学产品。
许多女性在月经周期的某些阶段患有口腔溃疡,同时在生殖道、特别是外阴和阴道存在同类型的溃疡。它们有时非常严重,可引起尿潴留,需要强的镇痛剂和镇静剂。最严重的已知为
Figure BDA00002446155500051
综合征。
根据本发明,粘膜炎的更概括的术语将也用于指口炎。
红斑状粘膜炎可以早在暴露于化疗或放疗后三天出现,但是更通常在5-7天后出现。发展为溃疡性粘膜炎在开始化疗的7天内发生,有时可以变得如此严重以至于需要停止药理学治疗。粘膜炎可涉及口和口咽道以及从口至肛门的胃肠道。在本文中,除非另有说明,否则指涉及更容易达到的区域如口、咽、食道和直肠的粘膜炎。
由于接受化疗的患者出现不同严重程度的粘膜炎的百分比高(30-40%),因此特别需要有效的和方便的治疗。目前没有获得有效的治疗,解决该问题的尝试包括使用镇痛剂、抗菌剂和症状的口腔卫生措施或减弱。
而且,该问题不限于癌症患者,因为粘膜炎也经常出现在HIV患者(特别是当伴有卡波西肉瘤时)、患有非霍奇金淋巴瘤的患者、虚弱的老年患者和接受BRM(生体应答调节剂)如白细胞介素-2、干扰素、淋巴因子活化的淋巴细胞等的患者中。
提供了下述实施例来进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
实施例1—局部用乳膏剂
Figure BDA00002446155500061
Figure BDA00002446155500071
实施例2—口服糊剂
Figure BDA00002446155500072
实施例3—阴道用乳膏剂
Figure BDA00002446155500073
Figure BDA00002446155500081
实施例4—NHEK中的β-防卫素表达
在含有10%FBS(胎牛血清)和10ml/L青霉素/链霉素的Dulbecco's改良的Eagle培养基中培养人角质形成细胞。在不含血清的环境中在KGM(角质形成细胞生长基质)中培养NHEK(正常人表皮角质形成细胞)原代人角质形成细胞。将细胞在单独的培养基(阴性参照)中或在添加了来自大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)的LPS(脂多糖,阳性参照)(5mcg/ml)的培养基中进行培养。
在培养皿中,将不同的标准化植物提取物(在不含LPS的培养基中0.2%浓度)单独或与罗望子种子多糖(在不含LPS的培养基中0.2%浓度)组合地在含有所培养的角质形成细胞的不含LPS的培养基中进行稀释。详细内容报道在表1中。
Figure BDA00002446155500082
培养18小时后,在NHEK细胞上清液中采用酶免疫测定试剂盒(ELISA)对DEFB2(β-防卫素2)的总表达进行定量。结果记录在表2中。
*p<0.001vs.对照

Claims (14)

1.用于预防和/或治疗微生物感染的罗望子种子多糖。
2.根据权利要求1的罗望子种子多糖,其中感染由细菌、酵母、病毒或真菌引起。
3.根据权利要求2的罗望子种子多糖,其中感染是细菌感染。
4.根据权利要求1-3的罗望子种子多糖,用于预防和/或治疗皮肤或粘膜层的微生物感染。
5.根据权利要求1-4的罗望子种子多糖,用于局部施用。
6.根据权利要求1-5的罗望子种子多糖,用于治疗粘膜炎和口炎。
7.抗微生物的药物和/或皮肤美容化妆组合物,含有与一种或多种可接受的赋形剂混合的作为活性成分的罗望子种子多糖。
8.根据权利要求7的组合物,用于局部施用。
9.根据权利要求7或8的组合物,其为乳膏剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、口胶剂、牙膏、嗽口剂或香波的形式。
10.根据权利要求7-9的组合物,至少包含选自抗微生物剂、抗炎剂和创伤愈合剂的其它活性成分。
11.根据权利要求7-10的组合物,还包含意大利蜡菊(Helichrysumitalicum)、松果菊(Echinacea spp.)、欧洲七叶树(Aesculus hippocastanum)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)的提取物或它们的混合物。
12.根据权利要求7-11的组合物,其中所述罗望子种子多糖的量为0.1%至5%重量。
13.罗望子种子多糖在制备用于预防和/或治疗微生物感染的药物中的用途。
14.预防和/或治疗患有微生物感染的患者的方法,该方法包括施用治疗有效量的罗望子种子多糖。
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