CN103005215A - Sea mud substitute for young stichopus japonicus feeds - Google Patents

Sea mud substitute for young stichopus japonicus feeds Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103005215A
CN103005215A CN2012105833811A CN201210583381A CN103005215A CN 103005215 A CN103005215 A CN 103005215A CN 2012105833811 A CN2012105833811 A CN 2012105833811A CN 201210583381 A CN201210583381 A CN 201210583381A CN 103005215 A CN103005215 A CN 103005215A
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ooze
substitute
powder
stichopus japonicus
sea mud
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CN103005215B (en
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陈京华
刘宝娟
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Qingdao Agricultural University
Qingdao Qihao Nutrition Science and Technology Co Ltd
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QINGDAO GREAT SEVEN BIO-TECH Co Ltd
Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a sea mud substitute for young stichopus japonicus feeds. The sea mud substitute comprises the following compositions in percentage by mass: 32-45% of zeolite, 7-20% of bentonite, 2-6% of shell powder, 2-5% of medical stones, 1-3% of active carbon powder, 2-5% of compound vitamins, 7-10% of natural sea mud powder, 3-6% of composite minerals and 2-5% of ceylon persimmon sawdust. The sea mud substitute disclosed by the invention is specifically prepared through simulating the habitat environment and situations under growth conditions of young stichopus japonicus on the basis of analyzing the compositions of sea mud swallowed by young stichopus japonicus under natural conditions, so that the problem that in production, high-quality sea mud is difficult to obtain and pathogenic bacteria are increased due to the application of sea mud in natural environment is solved. The sea mud substitute takes bentonite, zeolite and medical stones as matrixes, so that the sea mud substitute can provide sufficient mineral elements for the growth and ingestion of young stichopus japonicus.

Description

A kind of ooze substitute for stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture bait technical field, be specifically related to a kind of ooze substitute for stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed.
Background technology
In the production process of growing seedlings of stichopus japonicus, the individuality that body is about 0.5cm is cultivated the stage about 3 ~ 5cm, is called children's ginseng and cultivates, and is also referred to as intermediate rearing, is called " keeping a full stand of seedings " to general custom in productions, is the critical stage in the whole apostichopus japonicus culture process.This one-phase production time usually arrived by the end of December at the beginning of 7 months, if survive the winter, often needed to cultivate to the April in the coming year.In this period, the conditional fluctuations such as water temperature are larger, stichopus japonicus children ginseng ingest and growth aspect the problem that need to face many.This one-phase also is that stichopus japonicus grows into the only stage which must be passed by of joining from young ginseng, and stichopus japonicus need to adapt to from young ginseng takes the photograph the bait procedure of adaptation that the bait habit gradually changes through children's ginseng grows up to for one-tenth ginseng process.Therefore, in the process of culturing stichopus japonicus children ginseng, the more problems that the bait feeding link faces.Wherein, comparatively an outstanding problem is that stichopus japonicus children ginseng need to obtain nutritional labeling by the ooze of ingesting from natural environment, keeps it and grows.And because the cultivation of stichopus japonicus children ginseng is batch production mostly; ooze quantity in the natural water is few; and the ooze sanitary condition that obtains from natural marine site causes anxiety; add that every batch of ooze quality is uneven; cause children's ginseng breeding phase to mix the link of feeding ooze; risk is difficult to control, has restricted carrying out of stichopus japonicus scale, industrial aquaculture.
But, so far, not yet occur on the market meeting the ooze substitute that the growth of stichopus japonicus children ginseng is ingested, propagate artificially in the process, often need to collect ooze from natural marine site.So not only wasted a large amount of manpower and materials, and because not the understanding of ooze situation in the natural marine site, so that there is very large cultivation risk in the ooze that gathers after dropping into breeding water body.In case because the ooze that gathers contains pathogenic bacteria, may cause stichopus japonicus children ginseng ill, add young ginseng itself to external world disease resistance just a little less than, in case illly add that pathogenic bacteria quantity is more in the water body environment, may cause the by the gross death of stichopus japonicus.On the other hand, the extraneous ooze quality that gathers is uneven, and the acquisition difficulty of high-quality ooze is large.The ooze that gathers of low quality, also can affect the development and growth of stichopus japonicus children ginseng, it is unfavorable to bring to production.In addition, the introducing of extraneous ooze, also often because of complicated component, gravel is more, so that breeding environment is dirty easily, larger fluctuation all may occur in the pH value of breeding water body and salinity etc., has increased the difficulty that cultivation water environment is safeguarded.
Therefore for this situation, develop a kind of ooze substitute that meets stichopus japonicus children ginseng growth characteristics, mix with the young ginseng of stichopus japonicus feed and feed, not only can affect ingesting of stichopus japonicus children ginseng, the high efficiency, the low-risk that more can be the realization apostichopus japonicus culture provide and provide powerful support for.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ooze substitute for stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed, to remedy the deficiencies in the prior art.
Ooze substitute for stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed of the present invention is characterized in that the component of this ooze substitute comprises 32% ~ 45% zeolite, 7% ~ 20% bentonite, 2% ~ 6% oyster shell whiting, 2% ~ 5% medical stone, 1% ~ 3% activated carbon powder, 2% ~ 5% B B-complex, 7% ~ 10% natural ooze powder, 3% ~ 6% composite mineral matter, 2% ~ 5% ceylon persimmon sawdust;
Ooze substitute of the present invention also is added with 8% ~ 16% algae powder,
Described algae powder is 50%~68% cylindrotheca clostetium powder, 25%~40% sargassum thunbergii powder and 5%~17% waterside lichenin.
Described oyster shell whiting is cleaned air-dry rear co-grinding by 29% ~ 47% oyster shell, 19% ~ 35% scallop shell and 23% ~ 37% CONCHA MERETRICID SEU CYCLINAE and is formed;
Described activated carbon powder is formed by 32% ~ 57% bamboo charcoal of buying, 18% ~ 43% cocoanut active charcoal and 21% ~ 45% apricot shell active carbon co-grinding;
Described B B-complex forms and content is 10% ~ 20% vitamin A; 15% ~ 30% Cobastab 18% ~ 20% vitamin C; 15% ~ 30% vitamin D; 1.5% ~ 5% vitamin E; 3% ~ 8% vitamin K; 1% ~ 3% folic acid; 5% ~ 10% calcium pantothenate; 8% ~ 10% inositol; 5% ~ 10% nicotinic acid; 1% ~ 4% biotin;
Described composite mineral matter forms and content is 35% ~ 55% zinc; 18% ~ 30% iron; 7% ~ 10% bronze medal; 0.1% ~ 3% manganese; 4% ~ 25% iodine; 0.1% ~ 0.9% selenium; 0.01% ~ 0.8% cobalt;
Described natural ooze powder be ooze that natural marine site is gathered after filtration, boiling, sterilization, make after air-dry.
Ooze substitute of the present invention is to join on the basis of the ooze composition of eating under field conditions (factors) analysis stichopus japonicus children, simulation stichopus japonicus children's ginseng habitat and growth conditions, formulated targetedly, solve the upper high-quality ooze of production and be difficult to obtain and utilize the disease increase problem that ooze brings under the natural environment.The ooze substitute is take bentonite, zeolite and medical stone as matrix, and the growth that also can be stichopus japonicus is ingested sufficient mineral matter element is provided.By adding the required minerals and vitamins of stichopus japonicus, increase the Chinese herbal medicine ceylon persimmon sawdust composition that is conducive to the stichopus japonicus growth, and will effectively mix as the heterogeneity of ooze matrix, be the ingesting and grow good source of nutrition is provided of stichopus japonicus, improved the environment that stichopus japonicus perches.For the growth of giving children's ginseng provides agreeable to the taste bait, make stichopus japonicus more smooth and easy join the bait transfer process of joining to one-tenth to the children from young ginseng, avoid occurring uncomfortable situation, add the algae powder and both promoted stichopus japonicus children ginseng to the ingesting of feed, more can be stichopus japonicus children ginseng growth sufficient nutritional labeling is provided.By the development to ooze substitute constituent and proportioning, a kind of ooze substitute that meets stichopus japonicus children ginseng ecological habit and nutritional need is provided, improved the efficient of apostichopus japonicus culture.
The specific embodiment
The ooze substitute that the present invention uses, its be ooze that natural marine site is gathered after filtration, boiling, sterilization, make after air-dry;
The algae powder that adds is respectively cylindrotheca clostetium, sargassum thunbergii, Enteromorpha crushed after being dried to be made.Algae powder component content comprises 50%~68% cylindrotheca clostetium powder, 25%~40% sargassum thunbergii powder and 5%~17% waterside lichenin.
The activated carbon powder that adds is formed by 32% ~ 57% bamboo charcoal, 18% ~ 43% cocoanut active charcoal and 21% ~ 45% apricot shell active carbon co-grinding bought.
The used B B-complex of the present invention and composite mineral matter can be selected the commercial vitamin of arbitrary money or the composite mineral matter of using in the aquatic feeds field, and it is a kind of composed as follows:
B B-complex forms and content is 10% ~ 20% vitamin A; 15% ~ 30% Cobastab 18% ~ 20% vitamin C; 15% ~ 30% vitamin D; 1.5% ~ 5% vitamin E; 3% ~ 8% vitamin K; 1% ~ 3% folic acid; 5% ~ 10% calcium pantothenate; 8% ~ 10% inositol; 5% ~ 10% nicotinic acid; 1% ~ 4% biotin;
Described composite mineral matter, its a kind of composition and content are 35% ~ 55% zinc; 18% ~ 30% iron; 7% ~ 10% bronze medal; 0.1% ~ 3% manganese; 4% ~ 25% iodine; 0.1% ~ 0.9% selenium; 0.01% ~ 0.8% cobalt;
Inventive point of the present invention is the synergy of selected different component, does not do special restriction for the source of component, and those of ordinary skill in the art can select according to the record of this specification.
Become the ooze substitute of ginseng feed to be described in detail of the present invention for stichopus japonicus below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment 1 (without the algae powder component)
The component of ooze substitute comprises 450g zeolite, 150g bentonite, 60g oyster shell whiting, 50g medical stone, 30g activated carbon powder, 50g B B-complex, the natural ooze powder of 100g, 60g composite mineral matter, 50g ceylon persimmon sawdust; 1000g after each component mixing, is crushed to more than 200 orders altogether.
Bentonite, zeolite, medical stone, activated carbon powder, ceylon persimmon sawdust are bought from associated production enterprise by Qingdao seven good biological companies and are obtained;
Described oyster shell whiting is cleaned air-dry rear co-grinding by 28.2g oyster shell, 15g scallop shell and 16.8g CONCHA MERETRICID SEU CYCLINAE and is formed;
Activated carbon powder is formed by the 15.6g bamboo charcoal of buying, 7.8g cocoanut active charcoal and 6.6g apricot shell active carbon co-grinding;
Described B B-complex forms and content is the 6g vitamin A; The 14g Cobastab 1The 8g vitamin C; 8.5g vitamin D; The 1g vitamin E; The 2g vitamin K; 0.5g folic acid; 2.5g calcium pantothenate; The 4g inositol; 2.5g nicotinic acid; The 1g biotin; B B-complex is buied from Qingdao master Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
Described composite mineral matter, its a kind of composition and content are 28.8g zinc; 12g iron; 6g copper; 0.6g manganese; 12g iodine; 0.12g selenium; 0.48g cobalt; Composite mineral matter is buied from Qingdao master Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
Described natural ooze powder be ooze that natural marine site is gathered after filtration, boiling, sterilization, make after air-dry.
For constituent content, as all being mass percent without particular determination.
Embodiment 2(is without the algae powder component)
The component of ooze substitute comprises 450g zeolite, 200g bentonite, 30g oyster shell whiting, 50g medical stone, 30g activated carbon powder, 50g B B-complex, the natural ooze powder of 100g, 60g composite mineral matter, 30g ceylon persimmon sawdust; 1000g after each component mixing, is crushed to more than 200 orders altogether.
Bentonite, zeolite, medical stone, activated carbon powder, ceylon persimmon sawdust are bought from associated production enterprise by Qingdao seven good biological companies and are obtained;
Described oyster shell whiting is cleaned air-dry rear co-grinding by 10.5g oyster shell, 10.5g scallop shell and 9g CONCHA MERETRICID SEU CYCLINAE and is formed;
Activated carbon powder is formed by the 13.8g bamboo charcoal of buying, 7.8g cocoanut active charcoal and 8.4g apricot shell active carbon co-grinding;
Described natural ooze powder be ooze that natural marine site is gathered after filtration, boiling, sterilization, make after air-dry; The interpolation of natural ooze powder has kept the Some features in natural marine site more, has also kept some beneficiating ingredients, for good condition has been built in growth and the life of stichopus japonicus.When ingesting for stichopus japonicus as ooze substitute input seabed, good result is arranged.
Add B B-complex and composite mineral matter in the ooze substitute, not only make the ooze of made contain the elements that are of value to the stichopus japonicus growth more, also reduced single throw something and feed B B-complex and the molten mistake of mineral matter in water body during feed.The content ratio of B B-complex and composite mineral matter more meets the nutritional need of stichopus japonicus after meticulous collocation and combination, be conducive to the growth of stichopus japonicus.
Embodiment 3(contains the algae powder component)
The component of ooze substitute comprises 370g zeolite, 170g bentonite, 160g algae powder, 20g oyster shell whiting, 30g medical stone, 20g activated carbon powder, 50g B B-complex, the natural ooze powder of 100g, 60g composite mineral matter, 20g ceylon persimmon sawdust; 1000g after each component mixing, is crushed to more than 200 orders altogether.
Bentonite, zeolite, medical stone, activated carbon powder, ceylon persimmon sawdust are bought from associated production enterprise by Qingdao seven good biological companies and are obtained;
Described oyster shell whiting is cleaned air-dry rear co-grinding by 7.4g oyster shell, 6.4g scallop shell and 6.2g CONCHA MERETRICID SEU CYCLINAE and is formed;
Activated carbon powder is formed by the 8.4g bamboo charcoal of buying, 6g cocoanut active charcoal and 5.6g apricot shell active carbon co-grinding;
The natural ooze powder that adds be ooze that natural marine site is gathered after filtration, boiling, sterilization, make after air-dry;
The algae powder that adds comprises the cylindrotheca clostetium powder of 92.8g, the sargassum thunbergii powder of 51.2g and the waterside lichenin of 16g.
Experiment is the same a collection of stichopus japonicus children ginseng of artificial propagation with joining, and average initial body weight is 2.49g, and culture experiment carries out in Chinese Marine University aquatic livestock nutrition and feed laboratory and the seven good research institute laboratories that well biological Science and Technology Ltd.s build together, Qingdao seven.Breeding water is well water, and every day, quantity of exchanged water was 70%, 16 ℃ ~ 17 ℃ of experimental session water temperatures, and salinity is 30, filling air increases pond water oxygen content.
4 processing are established in experiment, and one is treated to natural ooze and mixes and feed a certain brand stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed and organize in contrast, and other 3 processing are respectively embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and a certain brand stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed and mix and feed.Wherein the processed group of 3 ooze substitutes is established 2 repetitions, and remaining a processing is that natural ooze group is established 1 repetition, and throw something and feed between each group number of times, feeding method are consistent.Cultivate after 38 days, weigh, count.
Rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate, day grazing rate, feed coefficient calculate with reference to following formula:
Rate of body weight gain=(W Eventually-W Begin)/W Begin* 100%
Specific growth rate=(LnW Eventually-LnW Begin)/t * 100%
Day grazing rate=W f/ ((W Eventually+ W Begin)/2)/t * 100%
Feed coefficient=W f/ (W Eventually-W Begin)
In the formula, t for the experiment fate (my god), W fBe the feed heavy (g) of on average ingesting, W EventuallyBe the whole last average weight (g) of stichopus japonicus, W BeginBe the initial average weight of stichopus japonicus (g).
Experimental result sees Table 1.
Table 1: the different ooze components of same brand feed are mixed and are fed stichopus japonicus children ginseng affects on the growth (38 days time experimental result)
Figure BDA0000268049441
Aspect survival rate, the children joins feed+embodiment 3 and is better than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 2, is better than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 1, and three of alternative ooze are processed into motility rate and all are higher than children's ginseng feed+natural ooze.
Aspect rate of body weight gain, children's ginseng feed+embodiment 3 is better than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 1, is better than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 2, processes the processing that rate of body weight gain all is higher than children's ginseng feed+natural ooze for three that substitute ooze.
Aspect specific growth rate, children's ginseng feed+embodiment 3 is better than the children who comes to the same thing and joins feed+embodiment 1 and 2 two processing of children ginseng feed+embodiment, processes the processing that specific growth rate all is higher than children's ginseng feed+natural ooze for three that substitute ooze.
Because children's ginseng is different to the preference of testing set processing, day grazing rate and the feed total amount of throwing something and feeding, children's ginseng feed+embodiment 3 is identical with children's ginseng feed+embodiment 1, and children's ginseng feed+embodiment 2 is identical with the processing of children's ginseng feed+natural ooze.Illustrate that children's ginseng happiness food has added the ooze substitute of algae powder, also likes food to embodiment 1.And to embodiment 2 and natural ooze mix feed feed after, it is relatively more relatively poor to ingest.
Experimental result shows, substitute the adding of ooze, reduced feed coefficient, children's ginseng feed+embodiment 3 is lower than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 2, be lower than children's ginseng feed+embodiment 1, process the processing that feed coefficient all is lower than children's ginseng feed+natural ooze for three that substitute ooze.
The result shows, the ooze substitute that has added the algae powder all is being better than other two ooze substitute groups of not adding the algae powder aspect survival rate, rate of body weight gain, the specific growth rate, three ooze substitute groups are in the group that all will significantly be better than children's ginseng feed+natural ooze aspect survival rate, rate of body weight gain, the specific growth rate.

Claims (7)

1. ooze substitute, its feature are the ceylon persimmon sawdust of 32% ~ 45% zeolite, 7% ~ 20% bentonite, 2% ~ 6% oyster shell whiting, 2% ~ 5% medical stone, 1% ~ 3% activated carbon powder, 2% ~ 5% B B-complex, 7% ~ 10% natural ooze powder, 3% ~ 6% composite mineral matter and 2% ~ 5% in the component of described ooze substitute.
2. ooze substitute claimed in claim 1 also is added with 8% ~ 16% algae powder, and described algae powder is 50%~68% cylindrotheca clostetium powder, 25%~40% sargassum thunbergii powder and 5%~17% waterside lichenin.
3. ooze substitute as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described oyster shell whiting is comprised of 29% ~ 47% oyster shell, 19% ~ 35% scallop shell and 23% ~ 37% CONCHA MERETRICID SEU CYCLINAE.
4. ooze substitute as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described activated carbon powder is comprised of 32% ~ 57% bamboo charcoal, 18% ~ 43% cocoanut active charcoal and 21% ~ 45% apricot shell active carbon.
5. ooze substitute as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described B B-complex forms and content is 10% ~ 20% vitamin A; 15% ~ 30% Cobastab 18% ~ 20% vitamin C; 15% ~ 30% vitamin D; 1.5% ~ 5% vitamin E; 3% ~ 8% vitamin K; 1% ~ 3% folic acid; 5% ~ 10% calcium pantothenate; 8% ~ 10% inositol; 5% ~ 10% nicotinic acid; 1% ~ 4% biotin.
6. ooze substitute as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described composite mineral matter forms and content is 35% ~ 55% zinc; 18% ~ 30% iron; 7% ~ 10% bronze medal; 0.1% ~ 3% manganese; 4% ~ 25% iodine; 0.1% ~ 0.9% selenium; 0.01% ~ 0.8% cobalt.
7. the application of ooze substitute claimed in claim 1 in preparation stichopus japonicus children ginseng feed.
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