CN102986560A - Pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps - Google Patents
Pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986560A CN102986560A CN2011102720624A CN201110272062A CN102986560A CN 102986560 A CN102986560 A CN 102986560A CN 2011102720624 A CN2011102720624 A CN 2011102720624A CN 201110272062 A CN201110272062 A CN 201110272062A CN 102986560 A CN102986560 A CN 102986560A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of pond culture, and relates to a pond efficient ecological polyculture method suitable for grass carps, chubs, bighead carps, paddlefish and crucian carps. The method comprises the steps of: 1) filling fresh water after 1 week after preparation and disinfection of a pond and carrying out probationary culture of chub till the chub survives; 2) stocking 150g of grass carp, 100g of chub, 100g of bighead carp, 150g of paddlefish and 60g of crucian carp at one time, wherein the polyculture proportion is that grass carps account for 75%, chubs account for 8%, bighead carps account for 6%, paddlefish account for 6% and crucian carps account for 5%, and the average culture density is 3/sq.cm; 3) feeding twice a day, wherein the total feeding weight per day accounts for 5% of total weight of grass carps in the pond, the feed is polyculture fish seed particle matched feed, and the time of manual feeding begins from the time when the fish seeds are cast to 210 days; 4) adding 20cm of fresh water into the pond every week; maintaining the water quality at pH 7.5-8.5, temperature at 20.0-31.0 DEG C, nonionic ammonia smaller than or equal to 0.02mg/L, total alkalinity 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen greater than or equal to 5.0mg/L, transparency 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption smaller than or equal to 15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand smaller than or equal to 5mg/L and total escherichia coli smaller than 5000/L for 210 days. The average fish yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can reach 1000kg/667 sq.cm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pond fish cultural technique.Be specifically related to a kind of grass carp that is applicable to, silver carp, flathead, the pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp.
Background technology
China aqiuculrue is with a long history, and its output of breeding fish occupies the first in the world always.Fish nutrition is worth high, absorption easy to digest, not only become food proteins main source desirable in people's diet structure, and be the important component part that country ensures food security, to improving national trophic level and promoting that people ' s health has indelible contribution.192.16 ten thousand hectares of the existing aqiuculrue areas of China, the conventional variety of China aqiuculrue is grass carp, silver carp at present, flathead, bream, carp, crucian carp etc., cultural method is monoculture and raises together with two kinds of methods.And monoculture is single owing to kind, and solid space and the natural bait in pond are not rationally utilized.And present to raise together with the fish species collocation unreasonable, produces easily Water Eutrophication, do not meet the requirement of healthy aquaculture.For this reason, the present invention is that kind with present China pond polyculture is improved to grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and 5 kinds of fish of crucian carp, these 5 kinds of fish also there is not yet report at home, outward with pond polyculture.The present invention has carried out the research of " a kind of grass carp, silver carp, flathead, pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp of being applicable to " in country's 973 scientific research projects of bearing.Research from the condition in pond, put kind, stocking size, breeding density, culture-cycle, the throwing amount of raising in a suitable place to breed, throw the aspects such as feeding method and ecomanagement technology the fish-cultivating method in the original pond of China has been carried out great improvement.Particularly having increased in the kind of pond polyculture ingests swims behind the paddlefish of animal and plant, not only improved the pond water quality Eutrophication Status, promoted stocked carp growth, improved quality, and can improve significantly productivity effect, economic benefit and the ecological benefits of aqiuculrue.Therefore, the present invention will be very important to healthy aquaculture and the sustainable development in the present pond of China.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of grass carp that is applicable to is provided, silver carp, flathead, the pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp is to solve the vast aqiuculrue economic benefit of present China and the lower problem of ecological benefits.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind ofly be applicable to grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp, its step comprises:
1) preparation of ponds sterilization: annual early April drains Chi Shui, level at the bottom of the pond after, use 100kg/667M
2Lime disinfection, the new water of 1 week filling is dark to 1.5m after the preparation of ponds sterilization, and uses 1-2M
2Small-sized net cage is supported temporarily the examination of 8-10 tail silver carp and was supported 1-2 days, to the silver carp survival for raising together with grass carp, silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp lay the foundation.
2) fingerling specification, the ratio of stocking and cultivation density: disposablely put grass carp in a suitable place to breed, silver carp, flathead, the fingerling of paddlefish and crucian carp, the specification of each fingerling is respectively: grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail.The ratio of stocking is respectively: grass carp 75%, silver carp 8%, flathead 6%, paddlefish 6%, crucian carp 5%; Cultivation density average out to 3 tails/M
2
3) the artificial throwing raised: the throwing of every day raise gross weight be the pond put the grass carp gross weight in a suitable place to breed 5%, growth along with Grass Carp Juveniles, the feed gross weight of throwing in is by increasing in proportion, the feed gross weight is thrown something and fed (the upper and lower noon respectively accounts for 1/2) every day at twice, i.e. the morning 8:30 and afternoon: 16:30 respectively throws something and feeds once; Throwing is raised mode and is spilt for artificial hand around along the pond, the feed of throwing something and feeding is for raising together with the fingerling granular mixed feed, and this feed main component is: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, crude fat %6.00, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47.The time that artificial throwing is raised begins to finish to 210 days from putting fingerling in a suitable place to breed.
4) ecomanagement: every circumferentially pond adds new water once, and to add the about 20cm of water dark at every turn.Per month to the pond water quality analysis once, keeping the water quality pH in pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen 〉=5.0mg/L, transparency is 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total Escherichia coli＜5000/L.Begin to finish to cultivation in 210 days from putting above-mentioned 5 kinds of fingerlings in a suitable place to breed.
The present invention on average can reach 1000kg/667m through the above-mentioned mode of raising together with in the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River fish crop
2
Embodiment
Concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
1. the preparation of ponds and sterilization: annual after (No. 1 to No. 10) Jiang Chishui drained, leveled at the bottom of the pond early April, use lime disinfection, the consumption of quicklime is 100kg/667M
2, evenly splash in full pond.
2. the pond water filling is supported with examination: the new water of 1 week filling is dark to 1.5m after the preparation of ponds.And use 1-2M
2Small-sized net cage is supported temporarily the examination of 8-10 tail silver carp and was supported 1-2 days, whether is fit to throw in fingerling to determine this pond.
3. fingerling stocking: after silver carp that examination is supported survives safely, namely can put fingerling in a suitable place to breed.Putting kind in a suitable place to breed is grass carp, silver carp, totally 5 kinds of flatheads, paddlefish, crucian carp; The fingerling specification is respectively grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail; The ratio of stocking is respectively grass carp and accounts for 75%, and silver carp accounts for 8%, and flathead accounts for 6%, and paddlefish accounts for 6%, and crucian carp accounts for 5%; Average 3 tails of breeding density/M
2
4. artificial the throwing raised: throwing every day and raising gross weight is 5% (along with the growth of Grass Carp Juveniles, the throwing the gross weight of feed by increasing in proportion) that the Grass Carp Juveniles gross weight is put in the pond in a suitable place to breed.The mode of throwing something and feeding is, the throwing of every day is raised gross weight and is divided into twice and throws something and feeds, be the morning 8:30 and afternoon: 16:30 respectively throw something and feed once, each throw to raise as artificial hand around along the pond spill, the feed of throwing something and feeding is that commercial feed " 706 raise together with the fingerling granular mixed feed " is (available from Hubei Haida Feed Co., Ltd's commercial feed, the address: south, five Zhigou Unity Avenues, Dongxihu District Wu Jia mountain, Wuhan City, Hubei Province), this feed main component is afterwards by analysis: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, crude fat %6.00, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47.The time that artificial throwing is raised begins to finish to cultivation in 210 days from throwing in fingerling.
5. culture-cycle: 210 days, end from annual April 15 to November 15.
6. ecomanagement technology: add new water once to the pond weekly, add water is that 20cm is dark at every turn.Per month to the pond water quality analysis once, the water quality pH that guarantees the pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen 〉=5.0mg/L, transparency is about 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total Escherichia coli＜5000/L.
Through 210 days raising, can reach 1000kg/667m in the In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River fish crop
2
Economic benefit and Ecological Benefit Analysis: the present invention is after raising together with of pond puts that having increased in the kind ingests in a suitable place to breed and swim the paddlefish of animal and plant, because paddlefish is than more can ingest in a large number plankton in the pond of flathead, not only improved the pond water quality Eutrophication Status, and promoted the growth (table 1) of other 4 kinds of stocked carps and improved fish crop (table 2), also improved significantly economic benefit, social benefit and the ecological benefits of aqiuculrue.
Table 1: the pond polyculture grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the growth fraction of paddlefish and crucian carp is (unit: g) (mean value scholar SD)
Table 2: pond polyculture grass carp, silver carp, flathead, the output of paddlefish and crucian carp (unit: kg/m
2)
| Index | Grass carp | Silver carp | Flathead | Paddlefish | Crucian carp | Add up to fish crop |
| Fish crop | 1.37 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 1.67 |
Claims (1)
1. one kind is applicable to grass carp, silver carp, and flathead, the pond efficient ecological polyculture method of paddlefish and crucian carp, its step is as follows:
1) preparation of ponds: annual early April drains Chi Shui, level at the bottom of the pond after, use 100kg/667M
2Lime disinfection; The new water of 1 week filling is dark to 1.5m after the preparation of ponds, and supports 8-10 tail silver carp 1-2 days with the examination of 1-2M2 small-sized net cage, survive for raising together with grass carp to silver carp, and silver carp, flathead, paddlefish and crucian carp lay the foundation;
2) fingerling specification, the ratio of stocking and cultivation density: disposablely put grass carp in a suitable place to breed, silver carp, flathead, the fingerling of paddlefish and crucian carp, the specification of each fingerling is respectively: grass carp 150g/ tail, silver carp 100g/ tail, flathead 100g/ tail, paddlefish 150g/ tail, crucian carp 60g/ tail; The ratio of stocking is respectively grass carp 75%, silver carp 8%, flathead 6%, paddlefish 6%, crucian carp 5%; Cultivation density average out to 3 tails/M
2
3) the artificial throwing raised: it is to put 5% of Grass Carp Juveniles gross weight in a suitable place to breed that gross weight is raised in the throwing of every day, and along with the growth of Grass Carp Juveniles, the feed gross weight of throwing something and feeding is by increasing in proportion.The feed gross weight of will throwing something and feeding every day is thrown something and fed at twice, i.e. the morning 8:30 and afternoon: 16:30 respectively throws something and feeds once; Throwing is raised mode and is spilt for artificial hand around along the pond, the feed of throwing something and feeding is for raising together with the fingerling granular mixed feed, and this feed main component is: moisture %11.80, crude protein %30.20, crude fat %6.00, raw fiber %6.40, coarse ash %8.20, calcium %0.97, total phosphorus %1.43, salt %0.52, lysine %1.31, methionine %0.47; The time that artificial throwing is raised begins to finish to 210 days from throwing in fingerling;
4) ecomanagement: every circumferentially pond adds new water once, and to add water 20cm dark at every turn; Per month to the pond water quality analysis once, keeping the water quality pH in pond is 7.5-8.5, water temperature is 20.0-31.0 ℃, non-ionic ammonia≤0.02mg/L, total alkalinity is 1.00-2.00mmol/L, dissolved oxygen 〉=5.0mg/L, transparency is 28-32cm, chemical oxygen consumption (COC)≤15mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)≤5mg/L, total Escherichia coli＜5000/L; Haul oneself willingly into to put and state 5 kinds of fingerlings and begin to finish to cultivation in 210 days.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103348941A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-10-16 | 镇江水中仙渔业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of sturgeon |
| CN103355240A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-10-23 | 苏州市相城区兴湖生态农业专业合作社 | Green high-yield fish mixed culturing method |
| CN103858796A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-06-18 | 罗生芳 | Ecological breeding method for grass carps |
| CN104488761A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 黎川县钟贤水产养殖场 | Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs |
| CN105123570A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-09 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Culture method for large-scale pond fish mixed culture |
| CN105613384A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-01 | 怀远县渔业科技发展有限责任公司 | Artificial sturgeon aquaculture method |
| CN107223610B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of method for improving main foster grass carp pond culture yield and benefit |
| CN110521642A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-03 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of careless crucian carp silver carp flathead polyculture method for leading feeding grass carp |
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| CN103355240A (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2013-10-23 | 苏州市相城区兴湖生态农业专业合作社 | Green high-yield fish mixed culturing method |
| CN103858796A (en) * | 2013-12-22 | 2014-06-18 | 罗生芳 | Ecological breeding method for grass carps |
| CN104488761A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-08 | 黎川县钟贤水产养殖场 | Polyodon spashula fry cage cultivation method in large and medium-sized reservoirs |
| CN105123570A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-09 | 融安县渔业技术推广站 | Culture method for large-scale pond fish mixed culture |
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| CN107223610B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2018-03-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of method for improving main foster grass carp pond culture yield and benefit |
| CN110521642A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-03 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of careless crucian carp silver carp flathead polyculture method for leading feeding grass carp |
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