CN102991332A - 一种反向旋转电动机械 - Google Patents

一种反向旋转电动机械 Download PDF

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CN102991332A
CN102991332A CN2012103266826A CN201210326682A CN102991332A CN 102991332 A CN102991332 A CN 102991332A CN 2012103266826 A CN2012103266826 A CN 2012103266826A CN 201210326682 A CN201210326682 A CN 201210326682A CN 102991332 A CN102991332 A CN 102991332A
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CN102991332B (zh
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阿尔弗雷多·R·穆诺斯
迈克尔·W·德格尼尔
迈克尔·T·贝尔汉
肖恩·G·诺尔斯
托马斯·A·麦金
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0695—Inertia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
    • B60Y2300/60—Control of electric machines, e.g. problems related to electric motors or generators
    • B60Y2300/65—Reduce shocks on mode change, e.g. during engine shutdown
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
    • Y10T74/19051—Single driven plural drives

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

一种机动车辆动力系统，包括发动机，包括转子的电动机/发电机，包括可传动地连接到发动机的输入的传动装置，以及固定在转子上并在与输入的旋转方向相反的旋转方向上被驱动的输出。

Description

一种反向旋转电动机械
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种特别是在机动车辆动力系统中的用于抵消由动力源，例如发动机，产生的滚动力矩的装置。
背景技术
当支承在车架上的旋转质量绕旋转轴加速或减速时，动态反作用扭矩就被传递到车架上。所述反作用扭矩，称为滚动力矩，趋向于使整个总成绕旋转轴转动。假如车架安装在弹性支座上，每当产生质量加速或减速时整个车身将经受相对于稳定状态位置的小的旋转。为了容纳这些运动以及防止总成碰撞近距离的其它物体，就需要总成附近的额外空间。所述滚动力矩也在安装质量的支架上产生额外的机械应力。
在发动机盖下的发动机舱的可用空间非常有限的机动车辆中，对于任何总成或系统附近的额外的空置空间的需求是苛刻的。具体说，在突然加速时车辆发动机趋向于会显示非常巨大的滚动力矩，当总成在位于车辆底盘的弹性发动机支架上转动时，导致一个围绕发动机和变速器的巨大的空置的、浪费的空间。如果旋转负载附属于发动机输出轴，使得所述负载将抵消和减少组合式发动机负荷系统的滚动力矩，就能够减少发动机负荷的摇摆运动，从而减少浪费的空间量。
发明内容
一种机动车辆动力系统，包括发动机，包括转子的电动机/发电机，包括可传动地连接到发动机的输入的传动装置，以及固定到转子并在与输入的旋转方向相反的旋转方向上被驱动的输出。
通过使发电机组转子和发动机轴14在相反的方向旋转，发动机突然加速和减速时的净滚动力矩减小，因此动力系统相对于安装凸台的相对运动减小。
在发电机和发动机之间使用齿轮箱有助于减小总封装体积/质量并改善系统整体效率。当匹配发动机速率和扭矩概况时，可选择适当的齿轮比并设计用于优化性能和最小尺寸的发电机。
由于较小的相对发动机运动，其他发动机盖下的子系统可安装的更靠近发动机，提供节约空间的新的机会。
从如下具体实施方式、权利要求和附图中容易得知优选实施例的适用范围。应该理解，本说明和具体实施例虽然代表本发明的优选实施例，但其仅用于说明本发明。所属领域的技术人员可容易得知所述实施例的不同变化和变型。
附图说明
参照附图结合以下说明会更容易理解本发明，其中：
图1是用于混合动力车辆的动力系统俯视图；
图2是取自通过图1所述动力系统的电动机械和行星齿轮单元的径向平面的截面图；以及
图3是行星齿轮传动装置的替换配置的示意图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，用于串联式混合动力车辆(SHEV)的动力系统10包括发电机-齿轮箱装置12（也称为发电机组），其可传动地连接到内燃机16的曲轴14；牵引电动机18，其与发动机16和发电机组12串联连接；齿轮箱20，可传动地连接到牵引电动机，用于产生一定范围的牵引电动机的速度除以齿轮箱输出速度与反向驱动的正向比率；以及车辆的动轮22、24。在发动机16和动轮18、20之间没有直接的机械连接。
发电机组12包含电动机-发电机26以及串联安装在发动机曲轴14和牵引电动机18之间的行星齿轮传动装置28。电动机/发电机26机械耦合到反向旋转的行星齿轮单元28。
齿轮单元28包括中心齿轮39，环形齿轮32，行星齿轮架34，以及支承于齿轮架并与中心齿轮30以及环形齿轮32啮合的行星小齿轮36。输入轴38固定在环形齿轮32上。扭转减震器40连接曲轴14和输入轴38。如图2所示，电动机/发电机26的转子42连接到中心齿轮30，而定子44是接地的以防止其旋转。齿轮单元28的齿轮架34也在46接地以防止其旋转。虽然这是优选配置，但应该了解，也可以允许齿轮架34旋转。如果齿轮架滑动而传递到周围结构的合力矩减少，这在汽车噪声振动（NVH）角度来说可能更好。
由于齿轮架28提供给齿轮单元28的扭转反应，中心齿轮30、轴48和电动机/发电机26的转子42相对于曲轴14和输入轴38的速度超速传动。中心齿轮30、轴48和电动机/发电机26的转子42在与曲轴14和输入轴38的旋转方向相反的方向旋转。
输入轴38支承在轴承50上，安装在壳体中。转子42支承在轴承52、54上，安装在壳体中。推力轴承56、58、60反作用于行星齿轮传动装置28中斜齿轮的使用而产生的壳体推力。
在转轴的驱动下旋转的液压泵62为齿轮箱20、行星齿轮传动装置26和轴承提供液压管路压力的来源。
电动机/发电机26通过导线64电连接到牵引电动机18。
行星齿轮单元28是紧凑、高效率的，并实现反向旋转效果以及维持转子42的轴线和输入轴38的轴线两者相互对齐，从而向原动机16传递一个反向的滚动力矩，这至少部分消除发动机14产生的滚动力矩。
只要输入轴和发电机转子在相反方向旋转，其他行星齿轮配置也能够使用。例如，如图3所示，如果中心齿轮30固定到输入轴38，环形齿轮32固定到轴48和转子42，并且齿轮架保持固定不旋转，环形齿轮32、轴48和电动机/发电机26的转子42将在与曲轴14旋转的方向相反的方向旋转并比曲轴14和输入轴38的速度慢。
因为电动机/发电机转子42和发动机轴14在相反的方向旋转，发动机突然加速和减速时的净滚动力矩减小，从而动力系统相对于安装凸台，比如发动机支座的相对运动也减小。此外，在发电机和发动机之间使用传动装置有助于减少总的封装体积/重量并改善系统整体效率。通过选择适当的齿轮比能够在将电动机设计成性能优化和最小尺寸的同时匹配发动机速率和扭矩概况。
因为更小的相对发动机运动，其他发动机盖下的子系统能够封装的更接近发动机16，提供了空间节约的新的机会。从电动机/发电机26的视角来说，旋转的方向是不重要的。因此，并没有由反向旋转传动装置28和电动机/发电机26而导致的不良后果。
尽管说明书是基于串联式发电机拓扑，应该理解，这种布置及其效益，能够被用于任何将发动机装于旋转负载的情况。
依照专利法的规定，优选实施方式已经如上阐述。但是，应该注意到的是，不同于已详细阐述和说明的其他可替代实施方式同样能够实施。

Claims (6)

1.一种机动车辆动力系统，其特征在于，包含：
发动机；
包括转子的电动机/发电机；
传动装置，所述传动装置包括可传动地连接到发动机的输入，以及固定在转子上并在与输入的旋转方向相反的旋转方向上被驱动的输出。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，所述输出相对于输入速度是超速传动的。
3.如权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，所述传动装置包括：
连接到输出的中心齿轮；
连接到输入的环形齿轮；
固定不转动的行星齿轮架；以及
支承于齿轮架并与中心齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星小齿轮。
4.如权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，所述输出相对于输入速度是低速传动的。
5.如权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，传动装置包括：
连接到输入的中心齿轮；
连接到输出的环形齿轮；
固定不旋转的行星齿轮架；以及
支承于齿轮架并与中心齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星小齿轮。
6.如权利要求1所述的动力系统，其特征在于，进一步包含：
牵引电动机；
车辆驱动车轮；以及
包括连接到驱动车轮的第二输出的齿轮箱，所述齿轮箱产生一定范围的牵引电动机的速度除以第二输出速度与反向驱动的正向比率。
CN201210326682.6A 2011-09-08 2012-09-05 一种反向旋转电动机械 Expired - Fee Related CN102991332B (zh)

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