CN102969353B - 多鳍片器件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

多鳍片器件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102969353B
CN102969353B CN201110366233.XA CN201110366233A CN102969353B CN 102969353 B CN102969353 B CN 102969353B CN 201110366233 A CN201110366233 A CN 201110366233A CN 102969353 B CN102969353 B CN 102969353B
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CN102969353A (zh
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刘继文
王昭雄
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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Abstract

一种多鳍片器件包括:衬底;在衬底上形成的多个鳍片;在相应鳍片中形成的源极区和漏极区;在衬底上形成的介电层,该介电层具有邻近第一鳍片的一侧的第一厚度,并且具有邻近鳍片的相对侧的不同于第一厚度的第二厚度;以及位于多个鳍片上面的连续栅极结构,该连续栅极结构邻近每个鳍片的顶面以及至少一个鳍片的至少一个侧壁面。通过调整介电层厚度,可以微调得到的器件的沟道宽度。本发明还提供该多鳍片器件的制造方法。

Description

多鳍片器件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体器件,具体而言,本发明涉及多鳍片器件及其制造方法。
背景技术
所谓的鳍状场效应晶体管(FinFET)器件对于高性能小尺寸集成电路变得越来越普及。因为栅极在三面上环绕沟道区,FinFET对小临界尺寸(critical dimension)提供极好的沟道控制。另一方面,FinFET结构的特有性质使得难以调整或者调谐典型的FinFET器件的沟道宽度。因为各种器件性能参数如驱动电流(IDsat)与沟道宽度相关,不能轻易地调谐或者调整沟道宽度是不利的。那么所需要的是克服常规领域中弊端的FinFET结构及其制造方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种器件,包括:衬底;多个鳍片,形成于所述衬底上;源极区和漏极区,形成于相应的所述鳍片中;介电层,形成于所述衬底上,所述介电层具有邻近第一鳍片的一侧的第一厚度,并且具有邻近所述鳍片的相对侧的第二厚度,所述第二厚度不同于所述第一厚度;以及连续栅极结构,位于所述多个鳍片的上面,所述连续栅极结构邻近每个鳍片的顶面以及至少一个鳍片的至少一个侧壁面。
在上述器件中,其中,所述器件是FinFET器件。
上述器件包括:第一鳍片,具有被所述介电层覆盖的第一侧壁和在所述介电层上方延伸的第二侧壁;第二鳍片,具有均在所述介电层上方延伸的第一侧壁和第二侧壁;以及其中所述栅极结构共形地位于所述第一鳍片的所述第二侧壁和所述第二鳍片的所述第一侧壁和第二侧壁的上面。
在上述器件中,其中,所述多个鳍片的每个鳍片具有顶面和至少一个侧壁,所述顶面具有厚度t,所述侧壁在所述介电层上方具有高度h,其中在所述多个鳍片中形成沟道,所述沟道具有由所述厚度t的和加上所述高度h的和限定的沟道宽度。
在上述器件中,其中,所述多个鳍片的至少一个鳍片具有两个在所述介电层上方延伸的侧壁。
在上述器件中,包括三个或者三个以上的鳍片。
在上述器件中,其中,所述介电层的所述第一厚度等于所述鳍片在所述衬底上方的高度。
在上述器件中,其中,所述多个鳍片选自基本上由外延材料、所述衬底的材料、及其组合组成的组。
在上述器件中,其中,所述多个鳍片的每个鳍片具有侧壁,所述侧壁的一部分基本上垂直于所述衬底的主表面,并且所述侧壁的下部不垂直于所述衬底的所述主表面。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种晶体管,包括:第一半导体鳍片,位于介电层中,所述第一半导体鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸第二距离的第二侧壁;第二半导体鳍片,位于所述介电层中,第二鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第二侧壁;栅极结构,位于所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片的上面,其中所述栅极结构接触所述第一半导体鳍片的所述顶面和至少一个侧壁,以及接触所述第二半导体鳍片的所述顶面和至少一个侧壁;源极区,分布在所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片中;以及漏极区,分布在所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片中。
在上述晶体管中,进一步包括第三半导体鳍片,所述第三半导体鳍片位于所述介电层中,所述第三半导体鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第二侧壁。
在上述晶体管中,其中,所述第二距离等于零。
在上述晶体管中,其中,所述栅极结构包括栅极电介质和栅电极。
在上述晶体管中,其中,所述晶体管包括位于第一鳍片和第二鳍片中的沟道区,并且其中,所述沟道区具有沟道宽度,所述沟道宽度等于两个顶面厚度的和加上所述第一半导体鳍片的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁在所述介电层上方延伸的距离的和加上所述第二半导体鳍片的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁在所述介电层上方延伸的距离的和。
根据本发明的又一方面,还提供了一种形成晶体管的方法,包括:在衬底上形成多个鳍片;在所述多个鳍片中形成源极区和漏极区;在所述鳍片之间形成介电层;调整所述多个鳍片中的至少两个鳍片之间的所述介电层的厚度;以及在所述鳍片和介电层上形成连续栅极结构。
在上述方法中,其中,在衬底上形成多个鳍片的步骤包括选自基本上由蚀刻鳍片至衬底中、以及在衬底上外延生长鳍片、及其组合的组的工艺。
在上述方法中,其中,调整所述介电层的厚度的步骤包括:覆盖所述介电层的一部分;以及回蚀所述介电层的未被覆盖的部分。
在上述方法中,其中,调整所述介电层的厚度的步骤包括覆盖所述介电层的一部分和回蚀所述介电层的未被覆盖的部分,且上述方法进一步包括:露出所述介电层的被覆盖的部分。
在上述方法中,其中,调整所述介电层的厚度的步骤包括覆盖所述介电层的一部分和回蚀所述介电层的未被覆盖的部分,且上述方法进一步包括:露出所述介电层的被覆盖的部分,上述方法还进一步包括:回蚀所述介电层的露出的部分;以及进一步回蚀所述介电层的所述未被覆盖的部分。
在上述方法中,其中,形成源极区和漏极区包括将掺杂剂注入至相应的所述鳍片中。
附图说明
为了更充分地理解本发明及其优点,现在将结合附图所进行的以下描述作为参考,其中:
图1a至图6b示出了制造实施例1的各个阶段;
图6c至图6f示出了用于调整实施例中介电层厚度的可选方法;以及
图7a至图7b分别示出了图6a和图6b中示出的结构的可选实施例。
具体实施方式
图1a以立体图示出了制造鳍状场效应晶体管(FinFET)器件1的中间阶段。图1b以沿着如图1a中的a-a所指示的线的剖面图示出了结构。在所示出的实施例中,FinFET 1将延伸跨过若干鳍片(更具体而言是3个鳍片),将在下面更详细解释。在图1a中所示出的制造中间阶段中,在衬底4上形成了经图案化的感光层2。更精确地,在硬掩模6的顶上形成经图案化的感光层2,如光刻胶或类似物,硬掩模6依次位于衬垫氧化物8的顶上,衬垫氧化物8依次位于衬底4的顶上。硬掩模6可以是氮化硅、或氮氧化硅等。衬垫氧化物层8可以是氧化硅,并且它们的形成物是公知的。
衬底4可以是体衬底如体硅晶圆。可选地,衬底4可以仅仅是化合物晶圆的顶部半导体层,如绝缘体上硅衬底。在又一个实施例中,衬底4可以是体衬底或者是通常外延生长的包含Ge、SiGe、III-V族材料(如GaAs、InAs)、和II-VI族材料(如ZeSe、ZnS)等的化合物晶圆的顶层。认为III-V或者II-VI族材料对于形成示例性器件是特别优选的,因为它们具有能够从使用III-V族或II-VI族性质如InAs、和ZnS等得到的有益的应变性质(strainproperty)。
如图2a和2b(其中图2a继续图1a的立体图,图2b继续图1b的剖面图)中所示出的,采用公知的蚀刻工艺将经图案化的感光层2的图案转印到硬掩模6、衬垫氧化物8、和衬底4中,其具体内容对于理解本发明不是必需的,因此在本文中不再重复。在该图案转印工艺期间,经图案化的感光层2可以被完全消耗,如图2a和图2b所示。在一些实施例中,经图案化的感光层2没有被完全消耗,而是采用例如氧等离子体或所谓的灰化工艺去除经图案化的感光层2的剩余部分。得到的结构包括在衬底4中形成的多个鳍片10。多个鳍片10中的每个鳍片具有侧壁,该侧壁的一部分基本上垂直于衬底4的主表面,并且该侧壁的下部非垂直于衬底的主表面。这些鳍片10充当待形成的FinFET器件1的鳍片结构。在一些实施例中,蚀刻衬底4至约40nm至约80nm的深度,意味着形成高度为约40nm至约80nm的鳍片10。在一个具体实施例中,形成高度为约60nm的鳍片10。
现在参考图3,在器件1上均厚沉积氧化物层12。可以通过例如化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺、或通过旋涂玻璃工艺等采用本领域技术人员已知的工艺步骤沉积氧化物层12,有时被称为浅沟槽隔离氧化物或者仅称为浅沟槽隔离。可选地且在形成氧化物12之前,可以进行鳍片10的热氧化以修复在蚀刻步骤(在图2a和图2b中示出)期间对侧壁发生的损伤。
如图4a和图4b中所示出的,应用CMP步骤往回减薄(thin back)氧化物层12至鳍片10的顶部水平。注意到在CMP步骤中去除经图案化的硬掩模6和经图案化的衬垫氧化物8。CMP步骤的工艺参数为本领域中公知的,因此出于简明和清楚的目的在本文中不再重复。在一些实施例中,在CMP工艺之后,在衬底4上形成多个鳍片10的步骤可以进一步包括选自基本上由蚀刻鳍片至衬底中,以及在衬底上外延生长鳍片,及其组合组成的组的工艺。因此,多个鳍片可以选自基本上由外延材料、衬底材料、及其组合组成的组。
图5a示出了制造工艺中的下一个阶段,其中进一步往回减薄氧化物层12。氧化物层12可以以各种方式往回减薄。在一个实施例中,通过稀氢氟酸(DHF)处理或者氢氟酸蒸汽(VHF)处理适当时间来往回减薄氧化物层12。特别注意到:如符号A(表示尚未被往回减薄的氧化物层12的部分)和B(表示已被往回减薄的氧化物层12的部分)所示出的,可以选择性地往回减薄氧化物层12。在回蚀工艺期间,这种选择性减薄可以通过用保护层如光刻胶层覆盖氧化物层12的部分A来完成。
在图5b中所示出的实施例中,鳍片10在衬底4的表面上方延伸距离H并在氧化物层12的往回减薄部分B的上方延伸距离h。在示例性实施例中,对于B区,1/4<h/H<1/3。认为鳍片10在B区中的氧化物层12的上方延伸的这种比率实现了期望的沟道宽度,将在下面进一步解释。
接下来,在三个鳍片10上方形成单一连续栅极结构,如图6a和6b中所示出的。图6b中还示出了在相应鳍片10内源极区S和漏极区D的形成。在一个实施例中,形成源极区和漏极区包括将掺杂剂注入相应的鳍片中。在另一个实施例中,形成源极区和漏极区包括蚀刻鳍片至衬底中以及在衬底上外延生长源极区和漏极区。本领域技术人员将认识到用于形成栅极结构14的多个工艺步骤,其包括栅极电介质的形成和图案化以及栅电极的形成和图案化。这些具体内容对于理解本发明不是必需的,并且栅极电介质和栅电极在本文中共同被称为栅极结构14。同样地,形成掺杂的源极区和漏极区的具体步骤是已知的,因此为了简明的目的在本文不再重复这些具体步骤。在这种情况中,第一金属层可以是连续的,并位于该三个源极区的上面,以形成一个FinFET器件的源极区。而且,第二金属层可以是连续的,并位于该三个漏极区的上面以形成一个FinFET器件的漏极区。
本领域技术人员将意识到沟道长度和沟道宽度是用于晶体管包括用于FinFET器件如示例性器件1的两个重要参数。沟道长度基本上等于源极S和漏极D区之间的距离。在所示出的实施例中,使用多个鳍片尤其是具有由于鳍片之间氧化物层12的不同厚度引起的不同高度的多个鳍片对沟道长度没有影响。换句话说,鳍片之间的不同的氧化物层12厚度不影响源极S和漏极D之间的距离,或者沟道长度。沟道长度影响这种晶体管性能如例如转换速度。
沟道宽度也影响器件性能,如器件的驱动电流。作为实例,通过调整沟道宽度可以进一步微调IDsat。通过改变鳍片之间的氧化物层12的厚度,并因此改变鳍片10在氧化物层上方的高度,可以更改得到的FinFET的总沟道宽度。参考图6C至图6f更详细地对此进行解释。
首先参考图6c,示出极端实施例,其中在鳍片10之间完全不回蚀氧化物层12。在该实施例中,总沟道宽度(在形成栅极结构14之后)将等于鳍片10的厚度。在该情况中,采用结合在一起的三个鳍片10形成一个FinFET器件(即,采用连续且位于三个鳍片10的单一栅极结构14,如图6b中所示出的),总沟道宽度将等于3t。这种结构实际上等于平面晶体管器件。相比之下,图6d示出了其他极端实施例,其中在所有鳍片10之间一致地回蚀氧化物层12。在该实施例中,总沟道宽度将等于每个鳍片的厚度加上每个鳍片高度的2倍(因为栅极结构位于每个鳍片的两个侧壁以及每个鳍片的顶部的上面,每个侧壁具有高度h,以及顶部具有厚度t)。在所示出的实施例中,沟道宽度将等于3t+6h。虽然这种结构可能在其很容易例如在具有相似特性的平面晶体管的等效面积中布置三个鳍片结构方面是有益的,但是多个鳍片结构可能具有过大的驱动电流,其可能对期望的性能产生负面影响。
图6e示出了另一实施例结构,其中通过使氧化物层12在鳍片之间具有不同的厚度更改驱动电流。注意到在图6e的实施例中,例如,在一对鳍片10(最左边和居中的鳍片)之间回蚀氧化物层12,但在另一对鳍片10(最右边和居中的鳍片)之间不回蚀氧化物层。在该情况下,得到的结构的驱动电流是3t+2h,因为对于位于上面的栅极结构14(未示出,但在图6b中示出)仅暴露了鳍片的两个侧壁。
图6f示出了又一个实施例,其中在两对鳍片之间回蚀但在外侧鳍片的外缘上不回蚀栅极氧化物12。在示出的该实例中,总沟道宽度等于3t+4h。本领域的技术人员将意识到可以用于通过调整与各个鳍片10接界的氧化物层12的厚度来微调沟道宽度的各种其他结构。
在图6(其包括图6a至图6f)中所示出的实施例中,或者在一些区域(区域B)中蚀刻氧化物层12,或者在其他区域(区域A)中保持氧化物层12完全不被蚀刻。在其他实施例中,可以通过将氧化物层12的某些区域回蚀第一量,并将氧化物层12的其他区域回蚀第二更大的量获得进一步的微调。图7a和图7b示出了这样一个实施例。
图7a以立体图和图7b以剖面图示出了一个实施例,其中,在其中E所指示的氧化物层12的部分被部分地回蚀的第一回蚀步骤期间,C所指示的氧化物层12的部分被保护(例如,用光刻胶、硬掩模、或牺牲层等覆盖)。在下一个工艺步骤中,暴露出部分C,并且将氧化物层12(包括部分C和E)进一步回蚀到图7a和图7b中所示的水平。在该情况中,最左边的鳍片10在氧化物层12的上方延伸高度h2,而最右边的两个鳍片在它们相应外侧壁上的氧化物层12的上方延伸高度h2(因为氧化物层12在鳍片的外部区域上厚度为“E”),并沿着它们相应的内侧壁在具有厚度“C”的氧化物层12的上方延伸较小的高度h1。假设鳍片10具有厚度t,图7中所示出的实施例的总沟道宽度为3t+4h2+2h1
尽管已经详细地描述了本实施例及其优势,但应该理解,可以在不背离所附权利要求限定的实施例的精神和范围的情况下,进行各种改变、替换和更改。仅作为几个实例,尽管示出了延伸跨过三个鳍片的FinFET器件,本发明的教导将等同应用于延伸跨过2个鳍片或延伸跨过4个或更多个鳍片的FinFET。同样地,其他多栅极器件如w-栅极器件、和ω-栅极器件等在预期的范围内。另外地,通过将上面所述的两回蚀工艺(图7)扩展到其中氧化物层12可以具有3个不同高度的三回蚀工艺可以获得甚至更进一步微调的沟道长度,形成最多具有三个不同侧壁鳍片高度的鳍片。这种教导可以通过加入额外的回蚀和掩模步骤进一步扩展到四个或者更多个不同氧化物层厚度。注意到本教导将如同其应用于蚀刻至衬底中的鳍片一样等同地应用于外延生长的鳍片是重要的。
而且,本申请的范围并不仅限于本说明书中描述的工艺、机器、制造、材料组分、装置、方法和步骤的特定实施例。作为本领域普通技术人员根据本发明将很容易理解,根据本发明可以利用现有的或今后开发的用于执行与本文所述相应实施例基本上相同的功能或者获得基本上相同的结果的工艺、机器、制造、材料组分、装置、方法或步骤。因此,所附权利要求预期在其范围内包括这样的工艺、机器、制造、材料组分、装置、方法或步骤。

Claims (17)

1.一种半导体器件,包括:
衬底;
第一鳍片、第二鳍片以及第三鳍片,形成于所述衬底上;
源极区和漏极区,形成于相应的所述鳍片中;
介电层,形成于所述衬底上,所述介电层具有邻近所述第一鳍片的一侧的第一厚度,并且具有邻近所述第一鳍片的相对侧的第二厚度,所述第二厚度不同于所述第一厚度,所述介电层的所述第一厚度等于所述鳍片在所述衬底上方的高度,其中,所述介电层具有邻近所述第二鳍片的两侧的所述第二厚度并且具有邻近所述第三鳍片的两侧的所述第二厚度;以及
与所述鳍片和所述介电层共形的连续栅极结构,位于所述多个鳍片的上面,所述连续栅极结构直接接触每个鳍片的顶面以及至少一个鳍片的至少一个侧壁面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中,所述器件是FinFET器件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,包括:
所述第一鳍片,具有被所述介电层覆盖的第一侧壁和在所述介电层上方延伸的第二侧壁;
所述第二鳍片,具有均在所述介电层上方延伸的第一侧壁和第二侧壁;以及
其中所述栅极结构共形地位于所述第一鳍片的所述第二侧壁和所述第二鳍片的所述第一侧壁和第二侧壁的上面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中,每个鳍片具有顶面和至少一个侧壁,所述顶面具有厚度t,所述侧壁在所述介电层上方具有高度h,其中在所述鳍片中形成沟道,所述沟道具有由所述厚度t的和加上所述高度h的和限定的沟道宽度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中,至少一个鳍片具有两个在所述介电层上方延伸的侧壁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,包括三个以上的鳍片。
7.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中,所述鳍片选自由外延材料、所述衬底的材料、及其组合组成的组。
8.根据权利要求1所述的半导体器件,其中,每个鳍片具有侧壁,所述侧壁的一部分垂直于所述衬底的主表面,并且所述侧壁的下部不垂直于所述衬底的所述主表面。
9.一种晶体管,包括:
第一半导体鳍片,位于介电层中,所述第一半导体鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸第二距离的第二侧壁,其中所述第二距离等于零;
第二半导体鳍片,位于所述介电层中,第二鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第二侧壁;
第三半导体鳍片,所述第三半导体鳍片位于所述介电层中,所述第三半导体鳍片具有在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第一侧壁、顶面、和在所述介电层上方延伸所述第一距离的第二侧壁;
与所述第一半导体鳍片、所述第二半导体鳍片和所述介电层共形的栅极结构,位于所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片的上面,其中所述栅极结构直接接触所述第一半导体鳍片的所述顶面和至少一个侧壁,以及直接接触所述第二半导体鳍片的所述顶面和至少一个侧壁;
源极区,分布在所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片中;以及
漏极区,分布在所述第一半导体鳍片和所述第二半导体鳍片中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的晶体管,其中,所述栅极结构包括栅极电介质和栅电极。
11.根据权利要求9所述的晶体管,其中,所述晶体管包括位于第一鳍片和第二鳍片中的沟道区,并且其中,所述沟道区具有沟道宽度,所述沟道宽度等于两个顶面厚度的和加上所述第一半导体鳍片的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁在所述介电层上方延伸的距离的和加上所述第二半导体鳍片的所述第一侧壁和所述第二侧壁在所述介电层上方延伸的距离的和。
12.一种形成晶体管的方法,包括:
在衬底上形成第一鳍片、第二鳍片和第三鳍片;
在鳍片中形成源极区和漏极区;
在鳍片之间形成介电层;
调整鳍片中的至少两个鳍片之间的所述介电层的厚度,以使得所述介电层具有邻近所述第一鳍片的一侧的第一厚度和邻近所述第一鳍片的相对侧的第二厚度、邻近所述第二鳍片的两侧的所述第二厚度以及邻近所述第三鳍片的两侧的所述第二厚度,其中所述第二厚度不同于所述第一厚度,并且所述第一厚度等于所述鳍片在所述衬底上方的高度;以及
在所述鳍片和介电层上形成连续栅极结构,所述连续栅极结构与所述鳍片和所述介电层共形并且直接接触所述鳍片的顶面和至少一个侧壁。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,在衬底上形成多个鳍片的步骤包括选自基本上由蚀刻鳍片至衬底中、以及在衬底上外延生长鳍片、及其组合的组的工艺。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,调整所述介电层的厚度的步骤包括:
覆盖所述介电层的一部分;以及
回蚀所述介电层的未被覆盖的部分。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,进一步包括:
露出所述介电层的被覆盖的部分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括:
回蚀所述介电层的露出的部分;以及
进一步回蚀所述介电层的所述未被覆盖的部分。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中,形成源极区和漏极区包括将掺杂剂注入至相应的所述鳍片中。
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