CN102948063A - 开关电源 - Google Patents

开关电源 Download PDF

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CN102948063A
CN102948063A CN2010800662219A CN201080066221A CN102948063A CN 102948063 A CN102948063 A CN 102948063A CN 2010800662219 A CN2010800662219 A CN 2010800662219A CN 201080066221 A CN201080066221 A CN 201080066221A CN 102948063 A CN102948063 A CN 102948063A
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output
power supply
input
current
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皮埃尔-埃马纽埃尔·卡莫
马西亚斯·摩仁瓦利
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Devialet SA
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Devialet SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4258—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/043—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using transformers or inductors only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/1623—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit
    • H02M7/1626—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration with control circuit with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/2195—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration the switches being synchronously commutated at the same frequency of the AC input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H04B5/266—One coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0016—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters
    • H02M1/0019—Control circuits providing compensation of output voltage deviations using feedforward of disturbance parameters the disturbance parameters being load current fluctuations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种开关电源(10)包括：输入端(16)，其用于在输入电压(VPRI)下的交流输入电流(IPRI)；输出端(36)，其用于直流输出电流(Isec)；以及相继地，从输入端到输出端，受控的断路开关系统(20)；变压器(21)，变压器(21)的初级电路(24)被链接在受控的断路开关系统(20)的输出端处；整流电路(28)，其跨接在变压器的次级电路(26)的端子上；以及储能电容器(32)，其通过线圈(34)的介入而并联地跨接在整流电路(28)的输出端，输出端(36)跨越储能电容器(32)的端子而形成。受控的断路开关系统(20)是输入端(16)和输出端(36)之间唯一包括开关构件的电路，并且受控的断路开关系统(20)包括用于对断路开关系统(20)进行控制的装置(22)，以便根据所述输出电流(Isec)的输入电压(VPRI)和所述储能电容器(32)的端子之间的电压(Vsec)来对输入电流(IPRI)的幅值进行控制。

Description

开关电源
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关电源(switched power supply)，该开关电源包括：
输入端，其用于在输入电压下的交流输入电流；
输出端，其用于直流输出电流；以及
相继地，从输入端到输出端，
受控的断路开关系统；
变压器，所述变压器的初级电路被链接在受控的断路开关系统的输出端处；
整流电路，其跨接在变压器的次级电路的端子上；以及
储能电容器，其通过线圈的介入而并联地跨接在整流电路的输出端，所述输出端跨越储能电容器的端子而形成。
背景技术
许多电子设备由电网(grid)供电，所述输电网通过能够提供直流的电源电流的开关电源来分配正弦信号。
例如，高保真放大器就是这样的例子。
这样的开关电源的传统结构通常包括：升压型(boost-type)电路(作为输入端)，所述升压型电路能够将正弦电流转换成在一个高于所述正弦电源电流的电压的电压下的直流。接着是直流-直流换流器(converter)，其实现由紧跟着由二极管电桥组成的整流器(rectifier)的受控的断路开关电桥。所述受控的断路开关电桥和所述二极管电桥通过变压器(transformer)被相互连接。
升压电路通常包括通过二极管为电容器供电的线圈，所述二极管和电容器的结合与受控的断路开关并联被安装。该断路开关根据能够允许一个高于输入电压的电压来给所述电容器充电的周期比(cyclic ratio)被开启。
因此，这样的开关电源包括两个交换级(switching stages)，一个交换级在升压电路中，另一个交换级在受控的断路开关电桥中。这种双交换结构是来自开关电源的相对低的输出的根源。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提出一种具有高输出的开关电源。
为此，本申请涉及一种上述类型的开关电源，其特征在于，受控的断路开关系统是输入端和输出端之间唯一包括开关构件(switching members)的电路，并且受控的断路开关系统包括用于对断路开关系统进行控制的装置，以便根据输出电流的输入电压和储能电容器的端子之间的电压来对所述输入电流的幅值进行控制。
根据特定的实施例，所述电源包括一个或多个下列特征：
所述电源包括：用于测量所述输出电流的装置；
所述电源包括：用于仅在不从所述输入端向所述储能电容器提供能量的阶段期间对所述输出电流进行估算的装置；
用于对所述输出电流进行估算的所述装置包括：用于在不向所述电容器提供能量的所述阶段期间对所述储能电容的所述端子之间的电压降ΔU进行测量的装置，以及用于根据通过所述电容器的所述端子处的所述电压降确定出的电压的变化速度来计算所述输出电流的装置；
所述电源包括：用于计算在所述输出端处所消耗的功率的装置；用于根据所述输出端处所消耗的所述功率来计算所述输入电流的参考幅值的装置；以及用于所述断路开关系统的控制装置，所述断路开关系统包括用于根据所述输入电流的所述参考幅值来调节所述输入电流的装置；
用于计算所述功率的装置能够根据提供给所述储能电容器的所述功率与在输出端处传输给所述负载的功率的加权和，来计算所述功率；以及
所述断路开关系统形成电桥。
本申请还涉及一种高保真放大器，所述高保真放大器包括放大级和如所述限定的开关电源。
附图说明
根据阅读下面的描述，本申请将被更好地理解，下面的描述仅作为一个例子被提供并且参考附图被说明，其中：
图1为并入到放大器中的根据本申请的开关电源的示意电路；
图2为针对图1中所示的电源中实现的断路开关的控制模式的概要图；
图3为图解了开关电源的电压和输入电流的曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了高保真放大器10，其包括为放大级14供电的开关电源12。任何合适类型的放大级14在例如专利申请FR 2,873,872中进行了描述。
开关电源12具有输入端16，输入端16能够被连接到电源电网18上，电源电网18提供正弦电流，例如频率为50或60Hz，电压为220V。
输入电源用VPRI来表示，并且流过输入端16的电流强度用IPRI来表示。输入端16被直接地连接在断路开关电桥20的输入端处，而没有升压电路的介入，断路开关电桥20的输出端被连接到变压器21上。
众所周知，断路开关电桥20包括两个并联支路(branch)，每个并联支路包括两个串联安装的可控断路开关，这两个支路连接在两个输入端子16之间。同一支路的断路开关的连接点组成断路开关电桥的输出端。
举例而言，每个断路开关是由MOS类型的晶体管构成的，并且这些晶体管是由控制电路22来进行控制。
变压器21包括初级电路24和次级电路26，初级电路24连接在每个支路的两个串联安装的受控断路开关之间，次级电路26跨接在整流电路28(例如，形成于已知的二极管电桥)的输入端子上。
二极管30连接在二极管电桥28的两个输出端子之间。
二极管电桥28的输出端还通过线圈34链接到储能电容器32上。这个线圈被设置在二极管30的阴极和电容器32的一个端子之间。开关电源的输出端36在电容器32的端子处形成。输出电流用Isec来表示，而输出电压用Vsec来表示。
用于测量输入电流强度IPRI和输出电流强度Isec的装置提供在开关电源的输入端和输出端处。它们例如分别由电阻38和40构成，对电阻38和40的端子之间的电压进行测量，该电压与电阻中计算的电流强度成比例。
电桥20的两个支路的相对的受控电路断路器的基极被连接在一起，以接收分别用C0和C1来表示的同一指令。
控制电路22通过任何合适的装置来接收输入电压VPRI、输入电流强度IPRI、输出电压Vsec和输出电流强度Isec，以作为输入。
图2示出了由控制电路22实施的调节链(regulating chain)。开关电源被设计为提供用Vsectarget来表示的恒定参考电压。例如，该恒定参考电压等于50V。这个电压是在储能电容器32的端子之间测得的电压。
控制电路22可以提供两个控制信号C0和C1，这两个控制信号C0和C1分别施加到电桥20的直径上对置的受控断路开关上。
图2中所示出的调节器100包括作为输入端的比较器102，比较器102接收参考电压Vsectarget和所测量的输出电压Vsec。该调节器还接收输出电流强度Isec。根据第一实施例，这是利用电阻40来不断测量的。
级104计算平均功率P，平均功率P将在下列扇区半周期(sector half-period)期间被电源消耗的。该功率由两项的和组成：第一项表示要提供给电容器32以从当前的电压Vsec转到参考电压Vsectarget，而第二项表示要提供给负载14的功率的估计。
P = 1 2 C ( V sec t arg et 2 - V sec 2 ) B × λ + I sec V sec ( B + A ) B
其中，λ是加权系数，其优选地小于1，
C是电容器32的容量，以及
A和B分别是在电源信号的半周期内不给储能电容器32提供能量和给储能电容器32提供能量的周期的持续时间。持续时间A和B在图3中示出。
因此，对于电源信号的每个半周期(或者对于50Hz的信号而言，每隔10毫秒)，计算一次功率P。
用于计算峰值电压∧VPRI的级106接收输入电压VPRI作为输入。
用于计算等效电阻的级108被连接到级104和106的输出端处，并且可以根据峰值电压∧VPRI的平方除以在104计算的功率P的两倍来计算等效电阻R。
等效电阻R被引入到次级调节回路110中，次级调节回路110包括用于计算电流强度I的级112作为输入端，电流强度I必须在输入端18被消耗，以补偿电容器32的放电和负载14的电力供应。该电流强度I由输入电压除以之前确定的电阻R的商来给出。
电流强度I被发送到比较器114中，比较器114在一个输入端处接收输入电流强度IPRI并且在另一个输入端处接收计算出的电流强度I。比较器114的输出端被连接到控制级116上，控制级116根据电流强度差I-IPRI来驱动脉宽调制调节器118，众所周知，脉宽调制调节器118限定和施加参考值C0和C1。
由于存在电容器32，该电容器32通常使用等于或接近于参考电压的电压来进行充电，并且在所考虑的示例中，该参考电压取等于50伏特，因此只有在由电网提供的电压的绝对值大于50伏特时，电网才提供能量。当电网的电压在-50V和+50V之间时，不从电网中吸取电流。
图3中的实线示出了电源电压VPRI，虚线示出了通过输入端16环流的电流强度IPRF。该图示出了当电源电压在-50伏特和+50伏特之间时，电流强度为0。
因此，对于电源信号的每个周期，存在持续时间A的两个不导通阶段，这些阶段对应于输入电压在50伏特和-50伏特之间的时间。这两个不导通阶段被持续时间B的导通阶段分隔开，在持续时间B的导通阶段期间，电桥的断路开关由单元118根据预定的周期比来进行控制。
调节链100是使得，在持续时间A的每个非导通阶段期间，计算周期比，并且在持续时间B的随后导通阶段期间被应用，以便在导通阶段期间准确地对储能电容器的功率变化和在输出端处传输到负载的功率进行补偿。
在非导通阶段A期间，在随后的导通阶段B期间待提供的电流I由级102至112利用公式 I = V PRI ^ V PRI 2 B ( λC ( ( V sec t arg et 2 - V sec 2 ) + 2 I sec V sec ( B + A ) ) 来计算，然后，周期比由级116根据电源电流强度IPRI来确定，以便在随后的导通阶段B期间利用驱动级118来驱动电桥20的断路开关。
根据第二实施例，电阻40被去除，而电流Isec被假定为在电源电流的每个周期中为常数，并且仅在持续时间A的每个非导通阶段期间被估算。
为此，在每个非导通阶段期间，储能电容器的端子处的电压降ΔU被测量，并且输出电流Isec是利用公式
Figure BDA00002257903600062
来确定的，
其中，C为电容器32的容量，并且
Δt为该电压降的观测时期。
其他的控制步骤是相同的。
可以看出，利用这样的开关电源结构，由于单个交换级的使用，输出较高。而且，由于实施了断路开关电桥的驱动定律(driving law)，负载所消耗的唯一的能量实际上取自于电源电网，因此该输出甚至更高。
此外，从电网来看，这样的开关电源具有接近于电阻特性的特性，因为贯穿整个周期B，在负载18上消耗的电流与负载18上现有的电压成比例；因此，该电流遵循欧姆定律lpri＝Vpri/R。

Claims (9)

1.一种开关电源(10)，包括：
输入端(16)，其用于在输入电压(VPRI)下的交流输入电流(IPRI)；
输出端(36)，其用于直流输出电流(Isec)；以及
相继地，从所述输入端到所述输出端，
受控的断路开关系统(20)；
变压器(21)，所述变压器(21)的初级电路(24)被链接在所述受控的断路开关系统(20)的输出端处；
整流电路(28)，其跨接在所述变压器的次级电路(26)的端子上；以及
储能电容器(32)，其通过线圈(34)的介入而并联地跨接在所述整流电路(28)的输出端，所述输出端(36)跨越所述储能电容器(32)的端子而形成；
其特征在于，所述受控的断路开关系统(20)是所述输入端(16)和所述输出端(36)之间唯一包括开关构件的电路，并且所述受控的断路开关系统(20)包括用于对所述断路开关系统(20)进行控制的装置(22)，以便根据所述输出电流(Isec)的所述输入电压(VPRI)和所述储能电容器(32)的所述端子之间的电压(Vsec)来对所述输入电流(IPRI)的幅值进行控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于，所述电源包括：用于测量所述输出电流(Isec)的装置(40)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电源，其特征在于，所述电源包括：用于仅在不从所述输入端(16)向所述储能电容器(32)提供能量的阶段期间对所述输出电流(Isec)进行估计的装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电源，其特征在于，所述用于对所述输出电流(Isec)进行估计的装置包括：用于在不向所述电容器提供能量的所述阶段期间对所述储能电容器(32)的所述端子之间的电压降ΔU进行测量的装置，以及用于根据由所述电容器的所述端子处的所述电压降确定出的电压的变化速度来计算所述输出电流(Isec)的装置。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的电源，其特征在于，所述电源包括：用于计算在所述输出端(36)处所消耗的功率(P)的装置(104)，用于根据所述输出端(36)处所消耗的所述功率来计算所述输入电流(IPRI)的参考幅值的装置，以及用于所述断路开关系统(20)的控制装置(22)，所述断路开关系统(20)包括用于根据所述输入电流(IPRI)的所述参考幅值来调节所述输入电流(IPRI)的装置(116)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电源，其特征在于，所述用于计算所消耗的功率(P)的装置(104)能够针对所述输入电流(IPRI)的每个半周期来计算所消耗的功率(P)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的电源，其特征在于，所述用于计算所述功率(P)的装置(104)能够根据提供给所述储能电容器的所述功率与在输出端(36)处传输给所述负载(14)的功率的加权和，来计算所述功率(P)。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的电源，其特征在于，所述断路开关系统(20)形成电桥。
9.一种放大器(10)，包括：放大级(14)和根据前述任一项权利要求所述的开关电源(12)。
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