CN102939196A - 生产无纺纤维织物的方法、无纺纤维织物及其用途 - Google Patents

生产无纺纤维织物的方法、无纺纤维织物及其用途 Download PDF

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CN102939196A
CN102939196A CN2009801495297A CN200980149529A CN102939196A CN 102939196 A CN102939196 A CN 102939196A CN 2009801495297 A CN2009801495297 A CN 2009801495297A CN 200980149529 A CN200980149529 A CN 200980149529A CN 102939196 A CN102939196 A CN 102939196A
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弗洛里安·戈伊尼
埃德·戈梅尔
约翰妮·吕肯
皮特·皮夏切克
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SGL Carbon SE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造具有纵向方向的纤维层的方法，其中所述方法是基于具有相同的或不同纤维细度且被平行导向的纤维束，所述纤维束以布满、重叠的方式结合在一起并且使得机械增强，其中至少一个条为具有限定宽度且无需额外固定剂和/或机械或物理的固定方法的单向层。

Description

生产无纺纤维织物的方法、无纺纤维织物及其用途
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产无纺纤维织物的方法和无纺纤维织物及其应用。
背景技术
与纺织物质相比无纺纤维织物的生产可以更廉价。然而同时无纺纤维织物仅仅具有非常差的粘合力，这使得所述无纺纤维织物的加工工艺更加困难，特别是在工业规模中。为了改进无纺纤维织物的粘合力，纤维层可以例如被胶结、通过粘性绑扎线来连接或编结、或者通过针织来彼此连接。例如在FR1394271的专利说明书中记载了一种使用化学粘合剂来生产基于纤维结构的复合材料的方法。
然而，由针织连接的纤维层导致无纺纤维织物可以经得起仅仅相对小的负荷，同时通过胶粘或使用粘性绑扎线来连接必然伴有在较高的温度不再为无纺纤维织物提供足够强粘合力的危险，因为胶或粘性绑扎线会融化或分解。在胶或粘性绑扎线被融化分解以后，此外残余物还可能残存于无纺纤维织物上。
在本领域中，因此，存在开发使生产无纺纤维织物比较容易的方法的需求，并且在上述方法中无纺纤维织物的各起始原料单体彼此适合，和在其内部实现了横穿宽度的细丝的均匀分布的显著改进的无纺纤维织物的需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题因此是制造的无纺纤维织物避免了纤维的局部堆积且改善最终组分的性能。
本发明的目的是将通过涂布由碳、玻璃、陶器或聚合物(例如芳族聚酰胺)制造的细丝纱来实现横穿宽度的细丝的均匀分布。
本发明的目的是通过涂布具有相同或不同纤维细度的纤维束来制造无需额外固定剂的材料，所述纤维束被平行导向以形成一个条，所述条作为限定宽度上的单向层。
根据本发明所述的无纺纤维织物由纤维束或复丝和用来连接各独立单向层的绑扎线(例如针织胶丝)形式设置的纤维材料组成。
上述问题通过纤维束的机械加强来解决，在纤维束中包含预-无纺纤维的纤维结构并且用来稳定纤维复合材料。举例来说，图1展示了用于纤维层的机械加强的装置。根据本发明所述的预-无纺长丝的数目取决于在单向层中单位面积的重量。
为了调整目的，大小含量和纤维表面的特性(例如纤维表面的活化)可以已经在纤维的制造过程任选的修改。
因此本发明的目的是制造具有纵向方向的纤维层的方法，其中上述方法是基于具有相同或不同纤维细度且被平行导向的纤维束以布满、重叠的方式结合在一起并且导致机械增强的结果，其中获得至少一个条作为具有限定宽度的单向层而无需施用额外的固定剂和/或额外的机械或物理固定方法。
优选的，纤维的不同纤度允许不同的独立纤维束涂布宽度。纤度的越高，潜在的涂布宽度的越大。
优选的，通过引进胶粘格或胶粘网来实现无需施用额外的横向粘结。粘合力是在多相之间不同基质分子之间的相互作用力。粘合力引起摩擦，不同的物质粘在一起并粘润。
本发明的丝纱以需要数目彼此平行并排地涂布，其中所述丝纱可能部分重叠。细丝纱是通常由合成、天然或无机原材料制造的无尽长的细丝，所谓的细丝从喷丝头拔丝得到。
通过布满上述物质，可实现纤维束均匀沉积。本发明中，纤维束是由条组成的，所述条在各种情况下是厚的、线形结构且包含许多纤维，例如在所述条横截面优选有5000-400,000根纤维并且特别优选为50,000根纤维。
根据本发明所述的涂布是通过在装在固定位置上的圆和/或角偏转的辊上的多个平面上实施，优选2-5个平面。所述被分别涂布的平面随后以重叠的方式结合起来。涂布的过程优选发生在加热的偏转点和能够对上述物质施加压力和湿气热的各种装置。优选的，具有喷嘴或吸嘴的独立的偏转点整合到工艺中。
在涂布期间，任选的至少1％至最多100％的纤维的重叠是可能的，优选从5％-50％和特别优选从10％-20％。
优选的，相对于各自的纤维层的总重量，纤维层中超过70wt％，特别优选超过99wt％的纤维选自碳纤维、碳纤维前体纤维、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维(例如芳族聚酰胺)和它们的混合物。
最好至少一个纤维层具有50g/m2-800g/m2的单位面积的重量，特别优选100g/m2-300g/m2，其中例如200g/m2-600g/m2的双轴无纺纤维织物可以由上述特别优选的范围产生。
优选的，至少一个纤维束包含0.5千(500根细丝)-500千(500,000根细丝)，优选1千(1000根细丝)-400千(400,000根细丝)，特别优选12千(12,000根细丝)-60千(60,000根细丝)。
本发明还涉及无纺纤维织物，所述无纺纤维织物由至少一个或多个不同方向的单向层组成的，所述无纺纤维织物的获得是通过设置至少一个具有纵向纤维层，其包括部分或全部叠压的纤维层，不需要任何额外的固定剂和/或额外的机械或物理固定方法，其中至少一个纤维层中包含相对于各纤维层的总重量超过70wt％，优选超过85wt％，特别优选超过99wt％的纤维选自碳纤维、碳纤维前体纤维、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维(例如芳族聚酰胺)及其混合物。特别优选的，上述单向层无需额外的横向粘结。
优选在给定的无纺纤维织物中单向层的不同方向与多轴层的纵向成-90°到+90°角。上述无纺纤维织物也可能包含纠缠的纤维层。
举例来说，图2展示了具有+45°和-45°单向层和+0°和90°单向层的双层无纺纤维织物。
当在+/-45°层(2层)上沉积条时，用于制造优选10″-152″(″＝英寸)的无纺纤维织物，特别优选50″，和例如300g/m2单位面积的重量。
优选的，在无纺纤维织物的顶部、底部或中间可包含缠绕的纤维层、无纺布、无纺材料或缠绕的纤维无纺材料及其他例如网孔或薄膜的纺织品结构。
上述无纺纤维织物优选用于风轮机、机动车辆、船、天空和宇宙飞行器、铁路车辆和其它运输领域、运动设备以及建筑和楼宇。
优选包含无纺纤维织物的选自风轮机、机动车辆、船、天空和宇宙飞行器、铁路车辆和其它运输领域、运动设备以及建筑和楼宇组成的部件或装置。
最终得到的单向层在用于后续的铺设工艺之前优选的保存在冷却的状态。

Claims (10)

1.一种制造具有纵向方向的纤维层的方法，其中所述方法是基于具有相同的或不同纤维细度且被平行导向的纤维束，所述纤维束以布满、重叠的方式结合在一起并且使得机械增强，其中至少一个条为具有限定宽度且无需额外固定剂和/或机械或物理的固定方法的单向层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述布满是在安装在固定位置的圆且角偏斜的辊上的一个或多个平面上实施的。
3.根据前述一项或多项权利要求所述的方法，其中至少一个纤维层以相对于各纤维层的总重量计包含超过70wt％、优选超过85wt％、特别优选超过99wt％的选自碳纤维、碳纤维前体纤维、陶瓷纤维、玻璃纤维及其混合物的纤维。
4.根据前述一项或多项权利要求所述的方法、其中至少一个纤维层具有50g/m2-800g/m2的单位面积重量，优选100g/m2-300g/m2。
5.根据前述一项或多项权利要求所述的方法，其中至少一条纤维束包含0.5千根(500根细丝)-500千根(500,000根细丝)细丝，优选1千根(1000根细丝)-400千根(400,000细丝)，特别优选12千根(12,000细丝)-60千根(60,000细丝)。
6.无纺纤维织物，由至少一个或多个不同方向的单向层组成的，所述无纺纤维织物的获得是通过设置至少一个具有纵向纤维层，其包括部分或全部叠压的纤维层，不需要任何额外的固定剂和/或额外的机械或物理固定方法，其中至少一个纤维层中包含相对于各纤维层的总重量超过70wt％，优选超过85wt％，特别优选超过99wt％的纤维选自碳纤维、碳纤维前体纤维、玻璃纤维、聚合物纤维(例如芳族聚酰胺)及其混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的无纺纤维织物，其中所述单向层的不同方向与多轴层的纵向成-90°到+90°的角度。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的无纺纤维织物，其中无纺纤维织物的顶部、底部或者中部包含纠缠的纤维层、无纺布、无纺材料或者纠缠的纤维非编织材料。
9.一种根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的无纺纤维织物在风轮机、机动车辆、船、天空和宇宙飞行器、铁路车辆和其它运输领域、运动器材和和建筑及楼宇中的应用。
10.一种包含权利要求6-7中任一项所述的无纺纤维织物的部件或装置，选自风轮机、机动车辆、船、天空和宇宙飞行器、铁路车辆和其它运输领域、运动设备和建筑及楼宇。
CN2009801495297A 2008-12-11 2009-12-11 生产无纺纤维织物的方法、无纺纤维织物及其用途 Pending CN102939196A (zh)

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AT511349B1 (de) 2011-09-21 2012-11-15 Kapsch Group Beteiligungs Gmbh Faserhalbzeug, faser-verbundwerkstoff und verfahren zu deren herstellung
DE102013218102A1 (de) 2013-09-10 2015-03-12 Thermoplast Composite Gmbh Vorrichtung zur verdrillfreien Breitenänderung eines die Vorrichtung durchlaufenden Faserbandes sowie System mit mehreren derartigen Vorrichtungen
BR112021003184A2 (pt) 2018-08-21 2021-05-11 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc tecido de reforço híbrido
CN112689692B (zh) 2018-08-21 2023-10-13 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 具有用于改进的织物浸入的缝合纱的多轴增强织物
DE102019112555B3 (de) 2019-05-14 2020-08-06 Cetex Institut gGmbH Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hybridfaserbündels, Hybridfaserbündel und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Hybridfaserbündels

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US20110293881A1 (en) 2011-12-01
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JP2012515270A (ja) 2012-07-05
CA2745300A1 (en) 2010-06-17
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KR20110111402A (ko) 2011-10-11
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EP2376275A2 (de) 2011-10-19
BRPI0923311A2 (pt) 2018-05-29

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