CN102933748A - 用于内燃机中活塞的刮油环的螺旋形压缩弹簧以及涂覆螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法 - Google Patents

用于内燃机中活塞的刮油环的螺旋形压缩弹簧以及涂覆螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法 Download PDF

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CN102933748A
CN102933748A CN2011800111136A CN201180011113A CN102933748A CN 102933748 A CN102933748 A CN 102933748A CN 2011800111136 A CN2011800111136 A CN 2011800111136A CN 201180011113 A CN201180011113 A CN 201180011113A CN 102933748 A CN102933748 A CN 102933748A
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马库斯·肯尼迪
汉斯-赖纳·布里莱特
米夏埃多·齐纳博尔德
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Abstract

一种螺旋形压缩弹簧，优选其由钢，尤其是由CrSi钢或CrNi钢制得，所述螺旋形压缩弹簧包括具有至少一个a-C:H:Me涂层或多个CrN层(16)和a-C:H:Me层(14)交替板层的涂层。在用于涂覆优选由钢制得的螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法中，交替涂覆多个CrN和a-C:H:Me涂层的层。

Description

用于内燃机中活塞的刮油环的螺旋形压缩弹簧以及涂覆螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺旋形压缩弹簧，其作为内燃机的活塞中的二部刮油环(two-part oil scraper ring)的部件，被设置来压缩这样的刮油环的第二部件，也就是所谓的相对于气缸壁滑动接触气缸或气缸套的基体。本发明进一步涉及一种涂覆这样的螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法。
如上所述，在所述的二部刮油环中，所述螺旋形压缩弹簧位于设置的内侧，也就是说，其位于与所述气缸壁滑动接触的活塞环的基体与活塞环凹槽的底部之间。在内燃机运行过程中，由于动态应力，在基体和螺旋形压缩弹簧之间发生相对运动。该运动会导致所谓的二次磨损，其会以凹槽中沟道的形式体现在基体中，并以磨损材料的形式体现在弹簧上。弹簧会钩在凹槽的沟道中，这会削弱油环的刮擦作用。此外，也会降低运行功能所需的切线力。
背景技术
DE 10 2005 019 500 B4公开了一种涂覆无氢iC石墨层的螺旋形压缩弹簧。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种螺旋形压缩弹簧及其涂覆方法，通过该螺旋形压缩弹簧可以改善二部刮油环的至少一个部件的摩擦和/或磨损和/或磨合性能。
一方面，通过权利要求1所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧可以实现上述目的。其上的涂层是以具有至少一个a-C:H:Me层或多个CrN层与a-C:H:Me层的交替板层为特征。初始测试结果已经显示，通过这样的层结构可以延长寿命和改进相对摩擦系数。通过层稳定性的改进尤其能够延长寿命。此外，在初始测试中能够确定弹簧和活塞环之间的磨合性能得到改善。
为清楚起见，上述Me代表金属，为此，可以使用例如钨、铬、钛、锗或硅。下文提及的a-C:H:Me和a-C:H层都为DLC层，并且能够确保相对低的磨损和良好的摩擦性能。尤其是，例如在螺旋形压缩弹簧的周围，假设由于不同的径向接触压力(radial contact pressures)和由此产生的不同的磨损率，DLC总是存在于表面的至少一部分上，尤其是即便在润滑不充分的情况下，也能得以保持良好的摩擦性能。在磨损方面，这是以有利的方式结合了CrN层提供的优点。CrN层的耐磨性(通常，其耐磨性比DLC高)从一开始或当最外层的DLC层磨损时开始有利地生效。所述多个板层的涂层额外提供优势，即，与传统的DLC涂层体系的情况相比，其可产生明显更高的总的层厚度。这实质上是基于如下事实：与CrN相比，DLC产生的内应力更高，当全部由CrN板层形成涂层时，内应力得到补偿。
所述螺旋形压缩弹簧优选由钢，尤其是由CrSi钢或CrNi钢制得，其实质上是螺旋形缠绕，因此具有两个弹簧终端，由于弹簧的大的圆形设置，在安装或运行状态所述弹簧终端没有间隙地接触。优选那个端点径向相对于活塞环的接合处设置。应该提及的是，例如，根据本发明的涂层可以用于DE 102005 019 500 B4中描述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，而代替其中描述的无氢iC石墨层。尤其是，由于在此做出的参考，该申请中描述的螺旋形压缩弹簧的所有单独特征都属于本申请的主题。如参考文献所描述的，刮油活塞环可以配置为不是圆形闭合而是具有一个所谓的接合处，即，在圆周方向具有间隙。在该区域，所述螺旋形压缩弹簧被配置为连续的，并优选在接合处的区域被涂覆，并以5°至60°的圆周角与其对称。在参考的出版物中，关于所述活塞环的接合处的上述角度称为α。其中，所述活塞环具有用于容纳螺旋形压缩弹簧的凹槽，优选所述凹槽在截面上的形状接近半圆形。当从螺旋形压缩弹簧的轴向上观察时，优选在面对活塞环呈5°至180°角度(参考文献上的β)的侧面进行涂覆，优选与中间平面对称。应该进一步指出的是，申请人在同日提交了一个申请，其名称为“滑动元件，尤其是活塞环，及用于涂覆滑动元件的方法”，在该申请中，与本文描述的涂层相似的涂层用于滑动元件，尤其是活塞环。该申请中描述的涂层的所有特征也适用于本发明描述的涂层。此外，在所述的一个实施方式中，该申请中描述的活塞环也可以有利地与本申请描述的螺旋形压缩弹簧结合，并且这种结合可以看做是本申请的主题。此外，同样是申请人在同日提交的“用于涂覆活塞环的至少内表面的方法及活塞环”的申请中描述的涂层也可以用于活塞环，尤其是该活塞环的内表面。
在其后的权利要求中描述优选的进一步改进。
对于CrN层与基板的粘合，也就是说，优选由钢制得所述螺旋形压缩弹簧，已发现形成铬的粘合层是有利的。这尤其适用于气相沉积，并且优选层厚度小于0.5μm。所述粘合层的最小层厚度优选为0.01μm。
对于最初与活塞环接触的根据本发明的螺旋形压缩弹簧的最外层，优选为无金属的DLC层，也就是a-C:H型层。这样的层能够确保优良的磨合性能。已发现，所述层的厚度为0.1至5.0μm是有利的。为了良好的磨合性能，最小的层厚度为0.1μm是有利的。基于最小的粘合力得到最大的层厚度，层越厚，最小的粘合力越低。对于所述最外层或顶层，同时涂覆CrN和a-C:H:Me层是可以的。
对于CrN和a-C:H:Me层的单个板层，优选其为30nm至100nm。当串联使用时，大于30nm的厚度所提供的优势能够确保层结构的易测性。
为确保良好的摩擦性能和长寿命，涂层的总厚度为0.5至10μm是有利的。就这一点而言，单个板层的数量可以例如为10至200个。
对于所述CrN层的硬度，已发现数值范围为800至1900HV 0.002是适合的。这一数值可以与无金属的DLC层的硬度1700至2900HV 0.002，和/或所述包含金属的DLC层的硬度800至1600HV 0.002相结合。
可以进一步预期，当所述层包含氢时，可以得到DLC层(尤其是包含金属的和/或无金属的DLC层)的特别良好的性能。
所述包含金属的DLC层可以进一步有利地包含纳米晶体金属或金属碳化物沉积物，例如，WC、CrC、SiC、GeC或TiC。
通过权利要求8中所述的方法能够进一步实现上述目的。
有利的是，结合PVD和PA-CVD方法，并通过根据本发明的方法的内容可以制备所述涂层。
此处进一步公开了至少一个上述螺旋形压缩弹簧与活塞环的结合，其尤其可以具有上述同时提交的申请中描述的涂层。此处进一步公开了如此形成的二部刮油环与滑动接触表面、尤其是内燃机(尤其是柴油机或涡轮增压四冲程汽油发动机)的气缸或气缸套的结合，其中，所述滑动接触表面基于铁或铝。
附图说明
参考附图，下文将更详细地解释本发明优选的示范性实施方式。
所述附图显示了根据本发明的层结构。
具体实施方式
由附图明显可知，首先涂覆到滑动元件的基材10上的是铬粘合层12，从内向外交替在其上涂覆多个a-C:H:Me层14和CrN层16。最外层由a-C:H层形成。在所示实施例中，该层被涂覆到DLC层上，但其也能够等同地涂覆到a-C:H:Me层上。优选通过PVD方式制备CrN层、PVD方式制备a-C:H:Me层以及PA-CVD方法制备a-C:H层从而完成制备。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于活塞环的螺旋形压缩弹簧，优选其由钢，尤其是由CrSi钢或CrNi钢制得，所述螺旋形压缩弹簧包括具有至少一个a-C:H:Me层或多个CrN层(16)和a-C:H:Me层(14)的交替板层的涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，向所述螺旋形压缩弹簧的基板(10)上涂覆铬的粘合层(12)，优选其厚度为0.01至0.5μm。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，所述涂层的最外层为a-C:H层(18)，优选其厚度为0.1至5.0μm。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，所述CrN和/或a-C:H:Me板层各自的厚度为30nm至100nm。
5.如前述权利要求任一项所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，所述涂层的总厚度为0.5至10μm。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，所述CrN层的硬度为800至1900HV 0.002，和/或所述无金属的DLC层的硬度为1700至2900HV 0.002，和/或所述包含金属的DLC层的硬度为800至1600HV0.002。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的螺旋形压缩弹簧，其特征在于，至少一个包含金属和/或无金属的DLC层通过PVD和/或PA-CVD方法制备。
8.一种用于涂覆螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法，优选所述螺旋形压缩弹簧由钢制得，在该方法中，交替涂覆多个CrN层和a-C:H:Me层的板层。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，通过PVD和PA-CVD的结合制备所述涂层。
CN201180011113.6A 2010-03-09 2011-02-17 用于内燃机中活塞的刮油环的螺旋形压缩弹簧以及涂覆螺旋形压缩弹簧的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102933748B (zh)

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WO2011110412A1 (de) 2011-09-15
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RU2558705C2 (ru) 2015-08-10
DE102010002688C5 (de) 2014-03-06
KR101696617B1 (ko) 2017-01-16
US9004465B2 (en) 2015-04-14
KR20130052546A (ko) 2013-05-22
DE102010002688B4 (de) 2012-02-16
BR112012022008A2 (pt) 2017-02-07
JP5878485B2 (ja) 2016-03-08
EP2545201B1 (de) 2014-05-21
BR112012022008B1 (pt) 2019-05-28
DE102010002688A1 (de) 2011-09-15
EP2545201A1 (de) 2013-01-16
CN102933748B (zh) 2016-05-11
JP2013521412A (ja) 2013-06-10

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