CN102918139A - Hths流体中的酒石酸衍生物 - Google Patents
Hths流体中的酒石酸衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102918139A CN102918139A CN2011800235073A CN201180023507A CN102918139A CN 102918139 A CN102918139 A CN 102918139A CN 2011800235073 A CN2011800235073 A CN 2011800235073A CN 201180023507 A CN201180023507 A CN 201180023507A CN 102918139 A CN102918139 A CN 102918139A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- acid
- composition
- lubricant
- alkyl
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 imide compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 40
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108091064702 1 family Proteins 0.000 description 3
- GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybutanediamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(N)=O GRMNJXQBRPJVQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/44—Five-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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Abstract
本发明提供具有改进的燃料经济性性能的高HTHS值润滑组合物。本发明还提供使用这类组合物操作内燃机的方法。本发明润滑组合物使用丁二酰亚胺化合物，例如酒石酰亚胺，且也可以为低硫、低灰和低磷的，提供较低的磨损和摩擦和改进的燃料经济性。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及低硫、低灰、低磷润滑剂组合物和润滑内燃机的方法，提供改进的燃料经济性和燃料经济性保持力及磨损和摩擦降低，尤其是在高温高剪切(HTHS)流体中，确切地讲具有高HTHS值的流体中。
燃料经济性是非常重要的，可通过例如减少在发动机内的摩擦而促进改进的燃料经济性的润滑剂具有重要价值。本发明提供与高HTHS值油一起使用的低硫、低灰、低磷润滑剂组合物，其可导致在内燃机中改进的燃料经济性。该改进通过与高HTHS值流体一起提供添加剂包而进行，其中摩擦改进剂组分仅为或主要为羟基-羧酸的衍生物，更尤其是酒石酰亚胺或酒石酰胺或其组合。
本领域中已知车辆的燃料经济性与车辆中所用润滑剂组合物的HTHS值有关。使用具有较低HTHS值的润滑剂组合物的车辆显示出改进的燃料经济性。对于每个SAE粘度等级，SAE J300 Engine Oil ViscosityClassification中规定了润滑剂组合物的最小HTHS。具有较高HTHS值的润滑剂组合物通常提供较差的燃料经济性性能，而且还对常规摩擦改进剂和常用于改进燃料经济性性能的其它添加剂较不敏感。
需要具有改进燃料经济性性能的高HTHS值润滑组合物。
发明概述
本发明提供具有改进的燃料经济性性能的高HTHS值润滑组合物。本发明还提供使用这类组合物操作内燃机的方法。
本发明包括润滑剂组合物，所述润滑剂组合物包含羟基-羧酸的衍生物，更具体而言烷氧基或羟基取代的琥珀酰亚胺，其也可称为烷氧基或羟基取代的丁二酰亚胺。在一些实施方案中，添加剂为酒石酰亚胺或酒石酰胺或其组合。在一些实施方案中，润滑剂组合物包含：(a)具有润滑粘度的油和(b)烷氧基或羟基取代的丁二酰亚胺摩擦改进剂，其中摩擦改进剂由式I表示：
其中R1为含有8至30或24个碳原子的烃基；R2为–H或烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。在一些实施方案中，添加剂为烷基酒石酰亚胺。
本发明进一步包括适用于内燃机中和/或其中具有润滑粘度的油为高温高剪切流体的低硫、低磷和低灰组合物。在一些实施方案中，润滑剂组合物具有至多约1.0重量%的硫酸盐灰值、至多约0.08重量%的磷含量和至多约0.4重量%的硫含量。
本发明进一步提供润滑内燃机的方法，所述方法包括步骤：向发动机中供入一种或多种本文所述润滑剂组合物。在一些实施方案中，发动机存在于汽车中，其中汽车满足Euro 4和Euro 5标准。
发明详述
下面通过非限定性阐述描述各个优选特征和实施方案。
HTHS值为粘度量度且表示流体在类似内燃机中的高负载轴颈轴承的条件下的流动阻力。油和/或润滑组合物的HTHS值与轴承中的油膜厚度直接相关。流体的HTHS值可通过在150℃下使用ASTM D4683得到。本发明润滑组合物可具有至少2.9cP或至少3.5cP的HTHS值。在一些实施方案中，润滑组合物具有至少3.5cP的HTHS值，但具有相当于具有约2.9的HTHS值且不含本文所述添加剂的润滑组合物的燃料经济性性能。
本发明提供如上文所述组合物。通常，该组合物具有在一方面0.4重量%以下，在另一方面0.3重量%以下，在又一方面0.2重量%或更少，在又一方面0.1重量%或更少的总硫含量。通常本发明组合物中的主要硫来源衍生自常规稀释油。典型的总硫含量范围为0.01至0.3或0.1重量%。
通常组合物具有组合物的小于或等于800ppm，在另一方面等于或小于500ppm，在又一方面等于或小于300ppm，在又一方面等于或小于200ppm，在又一方面等于或小于100ppm的总磷含量。典型的总磷含量范围为100至800或500ppm。
通常组合物具有通过ASTM D-874测定的组合物的1.0重量%以下，在一方面等于或小于0.7重量%，在又一方面等于或小于0.4重量%，在又一方面等于或小于0.3重量%，在又一方面等于或小于0.05重量%的总硫酸盐灰含量。典型的总硫酸盐灰含量范围为0.005至0.7或0.8重量%。
具有润滑粘度的油
本发明润滑组合物包含具有润滑粘度的油。合适的油描述于下文中。在一些实施方案中，上文所述具体HTHS值和范围应用于组合物中所用的一种和/或多种油。这些HTHS值也可应用于总组合物，即使存在的油中的一种或多种单独考虑时不具有这种HTHS值。
具有润滑粘度的油可包含一种或多种基础油且一般构成主要量的总组合物(即大于约50重量%的量)。一般而言，油组分以润滑油组合物的大于约60%，或大于约70%，或大于约80重量%的量存在。基础油硫含量通常小于0.2重量%。
在一些实施方案中，本发明组合物包含可导致低硫、低磷、低灰润滑组合物的低硫、低磷、低灰润滑油组分。
低硫、低磷、低灰润滑油组合物可具有在100℃下至多约16.3mm2/s，在一个实施方案中在100℃下5-16.3mm2/s(cSt)，在一个实施方案中在100℃下6-13mm2/s(cSt)的粘度。在一个实施方案中，润滑油组合物具有0W、0W-20、0W-30、0W-40、0W-50、0W-60、5W、5W-20、5W-30、5W-40、5W-50、5W-60、10W、10W-20、10W-30、10W-40或10W-50、15W、15W-40或15W-50的SAE粘度等级。
低硫、低磷、低灰润滑油组合物可具有通过ASTM D4683中的程序测定的在150℃下至多4mm2/s(cSt)，在一个实施方案中至多3.7mm2/s(cSt)，在一个实施方案中2-4mm2/s(cSt)，在一个实施方案中2.2-3.7mm2/s(cSt)，在一个实施方案中2.7-3.5mm2/s(cSt)的高温/高剪切粘度。
任何上述组合物中所用的基础油可以为天然油、合成油或其混合物。在一些实施方案中，还提供所用油的硫含量不超过本发明低硫、低磷、低灰润滑油组合物所需的上述硫浓度极限。有用的天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油)以及矿物润滑油如液体石油以及链烷烃、环烷烃或混合链烷烃-环烷烃型的经溶剂处理或经酸处理的矿物油。衍生自煤或页岩的油也是有用的。合成润滑油包括烃油，例如聚合和共聚烯烃(例如聚丁烯、聚丙烯、丙烯异丁烯共聚物等)；聚(1-己烯)、聚(1-辛烯)、聚(1-癸烯)等及其混合物；烷基苯(例如十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯、二(2-乙基己基)苯等)；聚苯(例如联苯、三联苯、烷基化多联苯(polyphenyl)等)；烷基化二苯醚及其衍生物、类似物和同系物等。
其中末端羟基已通过酯化、醚化等改性的氧化烯聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物构成可使用的另一类已知的合成润滑油。这些通过如下例证：由氧化乙烯或氧化丙烯聚合制备的油，这些聚氧化烯聚合物的烷基和芳基醚(例如平均分子量为约1000的甲基-聚异丙二醇醚，分子量为约500-1000的聚乙二醇的二苯醚，分子量为约1000-1500的聚丙二醇的二乙醚等)或其单-和多羧酸酯，例如四甘醇的乙酸酯、混合C3-C8脂肪酸酯和羧酸二酯。
可使用的另一类合适的合成润滑油包括二羧酸(例如苯二甲酸、琥珀酸、烷基琥珀酸、链烯基琥珀酸、马来酸、壬二酸、辛二酸、癸二酸、富马酸、己二酸、亚油酸二聚物、丙二酸、烷基丙二酸、链烯基丙二酸等)与多种醇(例如丁醇、己醇、十二醇、2-乙基己基醇、乙二醇、二甘醇单醚、丙二醇等)的酯。这些酯的具体实例包括己二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、富马酸二-正己基酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛基酯、壬二酸二异癸基酯、苯二甲酸二辛基酯、苯二甲酸二癸基酯、癸二酸二-二十烷基酯、亚油酸二聚物的2-乙基己基二酯，和通过1摩尔癸二酸与2摩尔四甘醇和2摩尔2-乙基己酸反应形成的混合酯等。
用作合成油的酯还包括由C5-C12单羧酸和多元醇和多元醇醚如新戊二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇等制备的那些。
油可以为聚α烯烃(PAO)。通常PAO衍生自具有4-30，或4-20，或6-16个碳原子的单体。有用的PAO的实例包括衍生自辛烯、癸烯、其混合物等的那些。这些PAO可具有在100℃下2-15，或3-20，或4-8mm2/s(cSt)的粘度。有用的PAO的实例包括在100℃下4mm2/s(cSt)的聚α烯烃、在100℃下6mm2/s(cSt)的聚α烯烃及其混合物。可使用具有一种或多种前述PAO的矿物油混合物。
上文公开的类型的天然或合成(以及这些中任何的两种或更多种的混合物)的未精制、精制和再精制油可用于本发明润滑剂中。未精制油为没有进一步提纯处理而直接由天然或合成来源得到的那些。例如，直接由干馏操作得到的页岩油，直接由初级蒸馏得到的石油，或直接由酯化方法得到且无进一步处理而使用的酯油为未精制油。精制油类似于未精制油，不同之处在于将它们在一个或多个提纯步骤中进一步处理以改进一种或多种性能。许多这类提纯技术是本领域技术人员已知的，例如溶剂萃取、二次蒸馏、酸或碱萃取、过滤、渗滤等。再精制油通过将类似于用于得到精制油的那些的方法应用于已用于使用的精制油而得到。这类再精制油也称为回收油或再加工油，且通常通过用于除去废添加剂和油分解产物的技术另外加工。
另外，通过费托气至液(gas to liquid)合成程序制备的油是已知的并可使用。
摩擦改进剂
本发明添加剂可分类为摩擦改进剂，并在使用它们的HTHS润滑剂组合物中提供改进的燃料经济性性能。添加剂可以为酒石酸的衍生物，更具体而言为酒石酰亚胺。添加剂也可描述为烷氧基和/或羟基取代的琥珀酰亚胺，或甚至描述为烷氧基和/或羟基取代的丁二酰亚胺。本发明组合物也可包含酒石酰亚胺、酒石酸盐、酒石酸酯、酯-酰胺和与本文所述酒石酰亚胺组合的酒石酸的其它衍生物。
本发明添加剂为式I表示的摩擦改进剂：
其中R1为含有8至30或24个碳原子的烃基；R2为–H或烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
在一些实施方案中，添加剂衍生自式II表示的材料和含有8至30或24个碳原子的胺：
其中R2为烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
在一些实施方案中，胺包括含有16-20个碳原子的线性胺。在一些实施方案中，添加剂为油基酒石酰亚胺。
酒石酰亚胺添加剂可通过酒石酸和一种或多种胺，例如一种或多种具有式R1R2NH(其中R1和R2各自独立地表示H、具有1-150个碳原子的烃基基团，条件是R1和R2中的碳原子之和为至少8)或–R3OR4(其中R3为具有2-6个碳原子的二价亚烷基，且R4为具有5-150个碳原子的烃基)的胺反应而得到。在一个实施方案中，各个R1和R2可含有2、8或12至100、50、26或18个碳原子。在一个实施方案中，胺包括油胺。
本发明添加剂的实例便利地通过酒石酸与一种或多种相应胺反应而制备。用于制备酒石酰亚胺的酒石酸可以为市售类型(由Sargent Welch得到)，它通常取决于来源(天然)或合成方法(例如来自马来酸)可以以一种或多种异构形式存在，例如d-酒石酸、l-酒石酸、d,l-酒石酸或内消旋-酒石酸。这些衍生物也可由本领域技术人员容易获悉的二酸的官能等效物，例如酯、酰基氯、酐等制备。
本发明添加剂取决于用于制备酒石酰亚胺，或酒石酰胺的具体胺可以为固体、半固体或油。为用作含油组合物，包括润滑组合物和燃料组合物中的添加剂，酒石酰亚胺必须可溶于和/或稳定分散于这类含油组合物中。因此，例如意欲用于油中的组合物为油溶性的和/或可稳定分散于使用它们的油中。如本说明书和所附权利要求书中所用术语“油溶性”未必意指所述组合物可以以所有比例溶混或溶解于所有油中。而是，意欲指该组合物可溶于油(矿物、合成等)中，其中意欲作用至容许溶液显示出一种或多种所需性能的程度。类似地，这类“溶液”未必是严格物理或化学意义上的真溶液。而是它们可以为微乳液或胶态分散体，就本发明而言，其显示出充分接近就实践而言在本发明上下文中可与它们互换的真溶液的那些性能。
如先前所述，本发明添加剂用作润滑剂的添加剂，其中它们主要充当锈和腐蚀抑制剂、摩擦改进剂、抗磨剂和反乳化剂。它们可用于多种基于多种具有润滑粘度的油的润滑剂中，包括天然和合成润滑油及其混合物。这些润滑剂包括用于火花点火和压缩点火式内燃机，包括汽车和筒塞发动机、二冲程发动机、航空活塞式发动机、船和铁路柴油发动机等的曲轴箱润滑油。它们也可用于燃气发动机、固定动力发动机和涡轮机等中。自动变速器用油、驱动桥润滑剂、齿轮润滑剂、金属加工润滑剂、制动液和其它润滑油和油脂组合物也可获益于本发明组合物在其中的并入。
其它摩擦改进剂可存在于本发明润滑剂中并可包括单油酸甘油酯、油基酰胺、二乙醇脂肪胺及其混合物。一列有用的摩擦改进剂包括在美国专利No.4,792,410中。在一些实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物含有上述酒石酸衍生物与第二摩擦改进剂组合，第二摩擦改进剂包括单油酸甘油酯、油基酰胺、二乙醇脂肪胺和/或其混合物。
甘油的脂肪酸酯可通过本领域熟知的多种方法制备。许多这些酯如单油酸甘油酯和单牛脂酸甘油酯以商业规模生产。用于本发明的酯为油溶性的且优选由C8-C22脂肪酸或其混合物，例如天然产品中找到的制备。脂肪酸可以为饱和或不饱和的。来自天然来源的酸中找到的某些化合物可包括含有酮基团的十八碳三烯-4-酮酸。有用的C8-C22脂肪酸为式R-COOH那些，其中R为烷基或链烯基。
甘油的脂肪酸单酯是有用的。可使用单酯和二酯的混合物。单-和二酯的混合物可含有至少约40%单酯。可使用含有约40至约60重量%单酯的甘油单-和二酯的混合物。例如可使用含有45-55重量%单酯和55-45%二酯的商业甘油单油酸酯。
有用的脂肪酸为油酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、棕榈酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、月桂酸、亚麻酸和桐酸，和来自天然产品牛脂、棕榈油、橄榄油、花生油、向日葵油、大豆油、菜子油或低芥酸菜子油的酸。
脂肪酸酰胺详细讨论于美国专利No.4,280,916中。合适的酰胺为C8-C24脂族单羧酸酰胺且为熟知的。脂肪酸基础化合物与氨反应产生脂肪酰胺。脂肪酸和由其衍生的酰胺可以为饱和或不饱和的。重要的脂肪酸包括月桂酸C12、棕榈酸C16和硬脂酸C18。其它重要的不饱和脂肪酸包括油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸，其都为C18。在一个实施方案中，本发明脂肪酰胺为衍生自C18单不饱和脂肪酸的那些。
脂肪胺和二乙氧基化长链胺如N,N-双-(2-羟乙基)-牛脂胺本身一般用作本发明的组分。两类胺都是市售的。脂肪胺和乙氧基化脂肪胺更详细地描述于美国专利4,741,848中。
本发明润滑组合物可包含0.05-5重量%的上述摩擦改进剂添加剂。在一些实施方案中，添加剂以0.05、0.1、0.25或0.4至5.0、2.0、1.25或1.0重量%存在于组合物中。在一些实施方案中，本文所述摩擦改进剂添加剂未硼酸化。
其它
抗氧化剂(即氧化抑制剂)，包括受阻酚类抗氧化剂如2,6,-二叔丁基酚和受阻酚类酯如下式表示的类型：
在具体实施方案中：
其中R3为含有2-10个碳原子，在一个实施方案中2-4，在另一实施方案中4个碳原子的直链或支链烷基。在一个实施方案中，R3为正丁基。在另一实施方案中，R3可以为8个碳，如在来自Ciba的Irganox L-135TM中找到。这些抗氧化剂的制备可在专利6,559,105中找到。
其它抗氧化剂可包括仲芳族胺抗氧化剂如二烷基(例如二壬基)二苯胺、硫化酚类抗氧化剂、油溶性铜化合物、含磷抗氧化剂、钼化合物如二硫代氨基甲酸钼、有机硫化物、二硫化物和多硫化物(例如丁二烯和丙烯酸丁酯的硫化狄尔斯阿德耳加合物)。一列广泛的抗氧化剂在美国专利6,251,840中找到。
本发明使用的EP/抗磨剂通常为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌的形式。尽管存在可与这类官能流体结合使用的极大量不同类型的抗磨剂，本发明人发现二烷基二硫代磷酸锌类抗磨剂与其它组分联合特别好地作用以得到所需特性。在一个实施方案中，二烷基二硫代磷酸盐中至少50%的烷基(衍生自醇)为仲基团(secondary group)，即来自仲醇。在另一实施方案中，至少20%、35%或甚至50%的烷基衍生自C3-C4醇，在一些实施方案中衍生自异丙醇。
无灰清净剂和分散剂取决于它们的构成可在燃烧时产生非挥发性材料如氧化硼或五氧化二磷。然而，无灰清净剂和分散剂通常不含金属，因此在燃烧时不会得到含金属的灰。许多类型的无灰分散剂是本领域已知的。这类材料通常称为“无灰”，即使它们可与来自另一来源的金属离子原位缔合(associate)。
“羧酸分散剂”为含有至少34，优选至少54个碳原子的羧酸酰化剂(酸、酐、酯等)与含氮化合物(如胺)、有机羟基化合物(如脂族化合物，包括一元和多元醇，或芳族化合物，包括苯酚和萘酚)和/或碱性无机材料的反应产物。这些反应产物包括羧酸酯分散剂的酰亚胺、酰胺和酯反应产物。
羧酸酰化剂包括脂肪酸、异脂族酸(例如8-甲基-十八烷酸)、二聚酸、加成二羧酸(不饱和脂肪酸与不饱和羧酸试剂的4+2和2+2加成产物)、三聚酸、加成三羧酸(
1040、
5460和
60)，和烃基取代的羧酸酰化剂(来自烯烃和/或聚烯烃)。在一个实施方案中，羧酸酰化剂为脂肪酸。脂肪酸一般含有8至30，或者12至30或24个碳原子。羧酸酰化剂在美国专利No.2,444,328、3,219,666、4,234,435和6,077,909中教导。
胺可以为单-或多胺。单胺一般具有至少一个含有1至30或24个碳原子，或1-12个碳原子的烃基。单胺的实例包括脂肪(C8-30)胺(ArmeensTM)、伯醚胺(胺)、叔脂族伯胺(PrimenesTM)、羟胺(伯、仲或叔链烷醇胺)、醚N-(羟基烃基)胺，和羟基烃基胺(EthomeensTM和PropomeensTM)。多胺包括烷氧基二胺(EthoduomeensTM)、脂肪二胺(DuomeensTM)、亚烷基多胺(亚乙基多胺)、含羟基多胺、聚氧化烯多胺(JeffaminesTM)、缩合多胺(至少一种羟基化合物与至少一种含有至少一个伯或仲氨基的多胺反应物之间的缩合反应)，和杂环多胺。有用的胺包括美国专利4,234,435(Meinhart)和美国专利5,230,714(Steckel)中公开的那些。
衍生出分散剂的多胺主要包括大部分符合下式的亚烷基胺：
其中t为通常小于10的整数，A为氢或通常具有至多30个碳原子的烃基，且亚烷基通常为具有小于8个碳原子的亚烷基。亚烷基胺主要包括亚甲基胺、亚乙基胺、亚己基胺、亚庚基胺、亚辛基胺、其它多亚甲基胺。它们具体通过如下例示：1,2-乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、丙邻二胺、十亚甲基二胺、八亚甲基二胺、二(七亚甲基)三胺、三亚丙基四胺、四亚乙基五胺、三亚甲基二胺、五亚乙基六胺、二(三亚甲基)三胺。例如通过上述亚烷基胺中的两种或更多种缩合而得到的高级同系物也是有用的。四亚乙基五胺是特别有用的。
亚乙基胺，也称为聚亚乙基多胺是尤其有用的。它们更详细地描述于Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology，Kirk and Othmer，第5卷，第898-905页，Interscience Publishers，New York(1950)中的标题“EthyleneAmines”下。
羟烷基取代的亚烷基胺，即在氮原子上具有一个或多个羟烷基取代基的亚烷基胺也是有用的。这类胺的实例包括N-(2-羟乙基)乙二胺、N,N′-双(2-羟乙基)-乙二胺、1-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、单(羟丙基)哌嗪、二羟丙基取代的四亚乙基五胺、N-(3-羟丙基)-四亚甲基二胺和2-十七烷基-1-(2-羟乙基)-咪唑啉。
高级同系物，例如通过上述亚烷基胺或羟烷基取代的亚烷基胺通过氨基或通过羟基缩合而得到的高级同系物也是有用的。缩合多胺通过至少一种羟基化合物与至少一种含有至少一个伯或仲氨基的多胺反应物之间的缩合反应形成且描述于美国专利5,230,714和5,296,154(Steckel)中。
这些“羧酸分散剂”的实例描述于英国专利1,306,529和许多美国专利，包括如下：3,219,666、3,316,177、3,340,281、3,351,552、3,381,022、3,433,744、3,444,170、3,467,668、3,501,405、3,542,680、3,576,743、3,632,511、4,234,435、6,077,909和6,165,235中。
琥珀酰亚胺分散剂是一种羧酸分散剂。它们为烃基取代的琥珀酸酰化剂与有机羟基化合物或含有至少一个连接在氮原子上的氢的胺，或所述羟基化合物和胺的混合物的反应产物。术语“琥珀酸酰化剂”指烃取代的琥珀酸或产生琥珀酸的化合物(该术语还包括酸本身)。这类材料通常包括烃基取代的琥珀酸、酐、酯(包括半酯)和卤化物。
琥珀酸基分散剂具有多种化学结构，通常包括结构如：
在以上结构中，各个R1独立地为烃基，例如具有500或700至10,000的的聚烯烃衍生的基团。通常烃基为烷基，常常为衍生自具有500或700至5000，或作为选择1500或2000至5000的分子量的PIB的聚异丁烯基团。作为选择表达，R1基团可含有40-500个碳原子，例如至少50，例如50-300个碳原子，例如脂族碳原子。R2为亚烷基，通常为亚乙基(C2H4)。这类分子通常衍生自链烯基酰化剂与多胺的反应，除以上所示简单的酰亚胺结构外，两个结构部分之间的多种连接键是可能的，包括多种酰胺和季铵盐。琥珀酰亚胺分散剂更完整地描述于美国专利4,234,435、3,172,892和6,165,235中。
衍生出取代基的聚烯烃通常为具有2-16个碳原子；通常2-6个碳原子的可聚合烯烃单体的均聚物和共聚物。与琥珀酸酰化剂反应形成羧酸分散剂组合物的胺可以为如上所述单胺或多胺。
琥珀酰亚胺分散剂称为其本身，因为它通常含有主要为酰亚胺官能形式的氮，尽管它可以为胺盐、酰胺、咪唑啉以及其混合物的形式。为制备琥珀酰亚胺分散剂，将产生琥珀酸的化合物中的一种或多种和胺中的一种或多种在通常液体、基本惰性的有机液体溶剂/稀释剂的存在下在升高的温度下，通常为80℃至混合物或产物的分解点；通常为100-300℃下加热，通常同时除去水。
用于制备本发明琥珀酰亚胺分散剂的程序的其它细节和实施例例如包括在美国专利Nos.3,172,892、3,219,666、3,272,746、4,234,435、6,440,905和6,165,235中。
“胺分散剂”为较高分子量脂族卤化物和胺，优选聚亚烷基多胺的反应产物。其实例例如描述于以下美国专利中：3,275,554、3,438,757、3,454,555和3,565,804。
“曼尼希分散剂”为其中烷基含有至少30个碳原子的烷基酚与醛(尤其是甲醛)和胺(尤其是聚亚烷基多胺)的反应产物。如下美国专利中描述的材料是说明性的：3,036,003、3,236,770、3,414,347、3,448,047、3,461,172、3,539,633、3,586,629、3,591,598、3,634,515、3,725,480、3,726,882和3,980,569。
后处理分散剂通过使羧酸、胺或曼尼希分散剂与试剂如二巯基噻二唑、脲、硫脲、二硫化碳、醛、酮、羧酸、烃取代的琥珀酸酐、腈、环氧化物、硼化合物、磷化合物等反应而得到。这类典型材料描述于以下美国专利中：3,200,107、3,282,955、3,367,943、3,513,093、3,639,242、3,649,659、3,442,808、3,455,832、3,579,450、3,600,372、3,702,757和3,708,422。
聚合物分散剂为油溶性单体如甲基丙烯酸癸酯、乙烯基癸醚和高分子量烯烃与含有极性取代基的单体如丙烯酸氨基烷基酯或丙烯酰胺和聚-(氧亚乙基)-取代的丙烯酸酯的共聚物。其聚合物分散剂的实例公开于如下美国专利中：3,329,658、3449,250、3,519,656、3,666,730、3,687,849和3,702,300。
组合物还可含有一种或多种清净剂，其通常为盐，尤其是过碱性盐。过碱性盐或过碱性材料为单相的均匀牛顿体系，其特征是金属含量超过根据金属和与金属反应的具体酸性有机化合物的化学计量会存在的。过碱性材料通过酸性材料(通常为无机酸或低级羧酸，优选二氧化碳)与包含酸性有机化合物、反应介质、化学计量过量的金属碱和促进剂的混合物反应而制备，所述反应介质包含至少一种用于所述酸性有机材料的惰性有机溶剂(例如矿物油、石脑油、甲苯、二甲苯)。
在一些实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物包含上述酒石酸衍生物与一种或多种清净剂组合，在一些实施方案中与过碱性盐清净剂组合。
用于制备本发明过碱性组合物的酸性有机化合物包括羧酸、磺酸、含磷酸、苯酚或其混合物。优选酸性有机化合物为羧酸或者具有磺酸或硫代磺酸基团的磺酸(例如烃基取代的苯磺酸)，和烃基取代的水杨酸。用于制备本发明过碱性组合物的另一类化合物为salixarate。对本发明而言有用的salixarate的描述可在出版物WO 04/04850中找到。
用于制备过碱性盐的金属化合物一般为任何1族或2族金属化合物(元素周期表的CAS版)。金属化合物的1族金属包括1a族碱金属(例如钠、钾、锂)以及1b族金属如铜。1族金属优选为钠、钾、锂和铜，优选钠或钾，更优选钠。金属碱的2族金属包括2a族碱土金属(例如镁、钙、锶、钡)以及2b族金属如锌或镉。优选2族金属为镁、钙、钡或锌，优选镁或钙，更优选钙。
清净剂中金属过量的量通常根据金属比表述。术语“金属比”为金属的总当量与酸性有机化合物的当量之比。中性金属盐具有1的金属比。具有与正盐中存在的4.5倍一样多的金属的盐具有3.5当量的金属过量，或4.5的比。磺酸盐清净剂的金属比基于金属与磺酸根官能度之比计算，忽略可能存在于清净剂分子中的任何其它附带酸性基团的存在。本发明所用磺酸盐清净剂的金属比通常为至少3、至少10或甚至至少16。在一些实施方案中，金属比可以为3、8、10、15或16至35或30或25或20。
本发明过碱性清净剂的实例包括但不限于磺酸钙、苯酚钙、水杨酸钙、salixarate钙及其混合物。在一些实施方案中，过碱性清净剂为磺酸盐，或更具体而言磺酸钙，例如烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂，其中磺酸盐衍生自主要线性醇或其它化合物。即磺酸盐的烷基衍生自主要线性醇或其它化合物。这不是说烷基不可含有支化点，如通常线性基团在2位连接于链上，留下甲基取代基。换言之，此处提及的烷基在如下意义上讲可以是线性的，它是沿着线性烷基链的任何位置，例如2、3或4位上连接于苯或甲苯环上的线性烷基，且该连接点虽然不在1位上，但不导致该基团为非线性的。
如果存在的话，过碱性材料，即清净剂的量在一个实施方案中为组合物的0.05-3重量%，或0.1-3重量%，或0.1-1.5重量%，或0.15-1.5重量%。
用于减少或防止稳定泡沫形成的消泡剂包括硅酮或有机聚合物。这些和其它消泡组合物的实例描述于“Foam Control Agents”，Henry T.Kerner(Noyes Data Corporation，1976)，第125-162页中。
本发明组合物通过以使得在发动机操作期间将润滑剂输送至发动机的关键部件，由此润滑发动机的方式将润滑剂供入内燃机(例如固定燃气动力内燃机)中而在实践中用作润滑剂。
如本文所用，术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”以其本领域技术人员熟知的常用意义使用。具体而言，它指具有直接连接在分子其余部分上的碳原子且主要具有烃性质的基团。烃基的实例包括：烃取代基，即脂族(例如烷基或链烯基)、脂环族(例如环烷基、环烯基)取代基，及芳族-、脂族-和脂环族取代的芳族取代基，以及其中环通过该分子的另一部分完成(例如两个取代基一起形成环)的环状取代基；取代的烃取代基，即含有在本发明上下文中不改变取代基的主要烃性质的非烃基团(例如卤素(尤其是氯和氟)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和亚硫酰基(sulfoxy))的取代基；杂取代基，即在本发明上下文中，在具有主要烃性质的同时在由碳原子组成的环或链中含有不同于碳的取代基。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮，且包括取代基如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基。一般而言，对于每10个碳原子，在烃基中存在不多于2，优选不多于1个非烃取代基；通常，烃基中不存在非烃取代基。
已知一些上述材料在最终配制剂中可能相互作用，使得最终配制剂的组分可能与起初加入的那些不同。例如，金属离子(例如清净剂的)可迁移至其它分子的其它酸性或阴离子部位。由此形成的产品，包括经以其意欲用途使用本发明组合物而形成的产品可能不容易描述。然而，所有这类改进和反应产物均包括在本发明的范围内；本发明包括通过将上述组分混合而制备的组合物。
实施例
本发明通过以下实施例进一步阐述，其阐述特别有利的实施方案。尽管提供该实施例阐述本发明，但实施例不意欲限制本发明。
使用用来满足ACEA C3-08规格的配制剂制备5个实施例润滑剂(实施例1-5)。配制各个实施例以具有3.5cP或以上的HTHS值和在100C下约11.7cSt的运动粘度。所有润滑剂使用比为约85:15的Yubase组III基础油与Nexbase PAO组IV基础油的组合。所有5种润滑剂包含相同的添加剂包，该添加剂包用来提供满足以上所列规格的润滑剂。添加剂包(包含粘度改进剂)以总组合物的28重量%存在于各个实施例中。然后除基线外，将各个实施例用0.5或0.25重量%的独特摩擦改进剂添加剂处理。各个实施例的余量为上述基础油混合物。实施例的配制汇总于下表中。
表I-实施例配制
使用HFRR试验评估试样，该试验为标准工业磨损试验。该试验使用ASTM D-6079所述的设备。该试验测量在试验条件下，同时温度从40上升至160C润滑剂提供的摩擦系数。试验结果汇总于下表中。
表II–HFRR结果
结果显示本发明组合物提供与不具有摩擦改进剂添加剂的相同组合物以及含有不同摩擦改进剂的相同组合物相比润滑组合物的磨损性能方面意想不到的改进。本发明实施例具有比任何其它实施例更小的平均磨痕和更低的平均摩擦系数。
还使用MTM(迷你牵引机)试验评估各实施例，该试验用于测量一系列负载和速度下的牵引和摩擦。该试验在40、60、80、100、120和140C的等温条件下以36牛顿负载、3000-10mm/s的速度、50%滑:滚比完成。较低的结果表明较好的性能。下表汇总了该结果，其中表III-3提供在低速下的结果。
表III-1–在2000mm/s下的MTM结果
| 2000mm/s | 40C | 60C | 80C | 100C | 120C | 140C |
| 实施例1 | 0.0439 | 0.0392 | 0.0328 | 0.0262 | 0.0206 | 0.0161 |
| 实施例2 | 0.0438 | 0.0391 | 0.0327 | 0.0262 | 0.0208 | 0.0167 |
| 实施例3 | 0.0437 | 0.0389 | 0.0326 | 0.0262 | 0.0206 | 0.0162 |
| 实施例4 | 0.0437 | 0.0391 | 0.0329 | 0.0264 | 0.0206 | 0.0159 |
| 实施例5 | 0.0443 | 0.0395 | 0.0330 | 0.0267 | 0.0212 | 0.0168 |
表III-2–在200mm/s下的MTM结果
| 200mm/s | 40C | 60C | 80C | 100C | 120C | 140C |
| 实施例1 | 0.0510 | 0.0423 | 0.0348 | 0.0304 | 0.0299 | 0.0348 |
| 实施例2 | 0.0513 | 0.0427 | 0.0363 | 0.0333 | 0.0345 | 0.0425 |
| 实施例3 | 0.0506 | 0.0421 | 0.0351 | 0.0302 | 0.0287 | 0.0332 |
| 实施例4 | 0.0504 | 0.0424 | 0.0352 | 0.0302 | 0.0275 | 0.0273 |
| 实施例5 | 0.0522 | 0.0432 | 0.0370 | 0.0367 | 0.0409 | 0.0436 |
表III-3–在20mm/s下的MTM结果
| 200mm/s | 40C | 60C | 80C | 100C | 120C | 140C |
| 实施例1 | 0.0561 | 0.0556 | 0.0578 | 0.0634 | 0.0721 | 0.0838 |
| 实施例2 | 0.0570 | 0.0597 | 0.0642 | 0.0695 | 0.0805 | 0.0909 |
| 实施例3 | 0.0566 | 0.0571 | 0.0595 | 0.0643 | 0.0703 | 0.0883 |
| 实施例4 | 0.0576 | 0.0579 | 0.0616 | 0.0660 | 0.0714 | 0.0780 |
| 实施例5 | 0.0596 | 0.0603 | 0.0640 | 0.0672 | 0.0673 | 0.0669 |
结果显示在低速(边界润滑条件)和高温(尤其是120C和140C)下，本文所述组合物提供与基线和使用不同摩擦改进剂的完全配制组合物相比显著的牵引系数降低。
在此将以上提及的各文献通过引用并入本发明。除了实施例中，或另外明确说明外，在本说明书中描述材料的量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的所有数量应当理解被措辞“约”修饰。除非另有说明，本文提及的各个化学品或组合物应当理解为可含有异构体、副产物、衍生物和通常应当理解存在于商品级中的其它这类材料的商品级材料。然而，除非另有说明，各个化学组分的量表示为排除了通常可存在于商业材料中的任何溶剂或稀释油。应当理解本文所述量、范围和比的上限和下限可独立地组合。类似地，本发明各个元素的范围和量可以与任何其它元素的范围或量一起使用。如本文所用，表述“基本由…组成”容许包括不实质地影响所考虑的组合物的基本特性和新特性的物质。
Claims (15)
1.润滑剂组合物，其包含：
(a)具有润滑粘度的油；
(b)烷氧基或羟基取代的丁二酰亚胺摩擦改进剂，其中摩擦改进剂由式I表示：
其中R1为含有8-30个碳原子的烃基；R2为–H或烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
2.根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中组合物为适用于内燃机中的低硫、低磷和低灰润滑剂；且其中具有润滑粘度的油为高温高剪切流体。
3.根据权利要求1的润滑剂组合物，其中润滑剂组合物为具有至少3.5cP的动态粘度的高温高剪切流体。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中组分(b)衍生自式II表示的物质和含有8-30个碳原子的胺；
其中R2为烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
5.根据权利要求4的组合物，其中胺包括含有16-20个碳原子的线性胺。
6.根据权利要求1的组合物，其进一步包含不同于组分(b)的其它摩擦改进剂、过碱性清净剂或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1的组合物，其中组分(b)包括油基酒石酰亚胺。
8.润滑发动机的方法，其包括如下步骤：
I.向发动机中供入包含如下组分的润滑剂组合物：(a)具有润滑粘度的油；(b)烷氧基或羟基取代的丁二酰亚胺摩擦改进剂，其中摩擦改进剂由式I表示：
其中R1为含有8-24个碳原子的烃基；R2为烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
9.根据权利要求8的方法，其中发动机存在于汽车中，其中汽车满足Euro 4和Euro 5标准。
10.根据权利要求8的方法，其中润滑剂组合物为适用于内燃机中的低硫、低磷和低灰润滑剂；且其中具有润滑粘度的油为高温高剪切流体。
11.根据权利要求8的方法，其中润滑剂组合物为具有至少3.5cP的动态粘度的高温高剪切流体。
12.根据权利要求8的方法，其中组分(b)衍生自式II表示的物质和含有8-30个碳原子的胺；
其中R2为烃基；Y为–H、-OH或–OR2，条件是当Y为–OR2时，两个R2基团可以连接形成环。
13.根据权利要求12的方法，其中胺包括含有16-20个碳原子的线性胺。
14.根据权利要求8的方法，其中润滑剂组合物进一步包含不同于组分(b)的其它摩擦改进剂、过碱性清净剂或其组合。
15.根据权利要求8的方法，其中组分(b)包括油基酒石酰亚胺。
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| PCT/US2011/035442 WO2011143051A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 | 2011-05-06 | Tartaric acid derivatives in hths fluids |
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| CA2798388A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
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