CN102886952A - 包含由含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛制成的子层的具有阻尼性能的膜层压体 - Google Patents
包含由含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛制成的子层的具有阻尼性能的膜层压体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102886952A CN102886952A CN2012102524924A CN201210252492A CN102886952A CN 102886952 A CN102886952 A CN 102886952A CN 2012102524924 A CN2012102524924 A CN 2012102524924A CN 201210252492 A CN201210252492 A CN 201210252492A CN 102886952 A CN102886952 A CN 102886952A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl alcohol
- different
- aldehyde
- layer
- film laminates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 title claims abstract 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- -1 aliphatic ketone compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 10
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 62
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 10
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
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- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;1-bromo-3-methanidylbenzene;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C1=CC=CC(Br)=C1 OJXOOFXUHZAXLO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(O)=O LJKDOMVGKKPJBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJIUNQZHYLBUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-heptoxy-6-oxohexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O BJIUNQZHYLBUNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWYAVGUHWPLBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(6-methylheptyl) decanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCC(C)C ZWYAVGUHWPLBGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-methyloctyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical class CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical class OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTTWSMJHJFNCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dibenzylamino)ethanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN(CCO)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WTTWSMJHJFNCQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanoic acid Natural products CCC(CC)C(O)=O OXQGTIUCKGYOAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxyflavone Chemical compound C=1C(=O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 GPZYYYGYCRFPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100035474 DNA polymerase kappa Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710108091 DNA polymerase kappa Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N Dialdehyde 11678 Chemical compound N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1[C@H](C[C@H](/C(=C/O)C(=O)OC)[C@@H](C=C)C=O)NCC2 ZNZYKNKBJPZETN-WELNAUFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DWJBKDDHYVUEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(=O)(OC(C(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1)(O)O Chemical compound P(=O)(OC(C(CCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1)(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1)(O)O DWJBKDDHYVUEOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004036 acetal group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Substances OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004806 diisononylester Substances 0.000 description 1
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl cyanoacrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(=C)C#N FGBJXOREULPLGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
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- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013442 quality metrics Methods 0.000 description 1
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- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L29/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/03—3 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/24—All layers being polymeric
- B32B2250/246—All polymers belonging to those covered by groups B32B27/32 and B32B27/30
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含由含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛制成的子层的具有阻尼性能的膜层压体。具体地,本发明涉及一种膜层压体,由至少三个各自包含至少一种增塑剂和至少一种聚乙烯醇缩醛的层A、B和C形成,其中-两个外层A和C包含至少一种具有18.5至23重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩醛,-至少一个内层B包含具有12至18重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的聚乙烯醇缩醛,和- 层A、B或C的至少一个包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。该膜层压体可以用于制造用于汽车、飞机、船舶、建筑窗玻璃、立面部件的玻璃/膜层压体/玻璃复合体,或用于制造光伏模块。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种例如适合作为复合安全玻璃(Verbundsicherheitsgläser)中的中间层的膜层压体,所述膜层压体由至少三个基于含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛(Polyvinyl(n)acetal)和/或聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛(Polyvinyl(iso)acetal)的层形成并对声音具有好的阻尼性能。
本发明涉及一种例如适合作为复合安全玻璃中的中间层的膜层压体,所述膜层压体由至少三个基于含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛和/或聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的层形成并具有优良的穿透性能(Penetrationseigenschaft)。
现有技术
复合安全玻璃通常由两个玻璃板和连接玻璃板的中间膜组成。作为膜材料主要使用含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB),其可通过使聚乙烯醇与正丁醛反应获得。
复合窗玻璃的日益重要的特征是其隔音性能,其可以通过相应的中间层膜来调节。
为此,经常使用具有2至5个子层的中间膜,其中各子层在其机械强度方面有差别,并由此通过机械脱耦合实现隔音。
可以例如通过所述膜的增塑剂含量或者使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛中的聚乙烯醇基或聚乙酸乙烯酯基的比例,来设定基于含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛的膜的不同机械强度。
通常,PVB膜的机械强度可以通过其增塑剂含量,或者通过使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛中的聚乙烯醇基团或聚乙酸乙烯酯基团的比例来加以调节。
例如,US 5,340,654或WO
2006/102049因此描述多层系统,其中第一层包含具有高残留乙酸酯含量的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛,第二层包含具有低残留乙酸酯含量的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
类似地,WO 2008/137367描述多层体系,其中由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成的子层(Teilschicht)在聚乙烯醇含量方面不同。
由于不同的残留乙酸酯含量和/或不同的聚乙烯醇基团比例,各子层具有不同的增塑剂含量,并因此具有不同的机械强度。由此实现机械脱耦合和因此改善的隔音。
已知的多层膜基于可通过使聚乙烯醇与正丁醛反应获得的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。使用具有不同聚乙烯醇或聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛,获得各层的不同的增塑剂含量。这样导致各层的机械性能不同,这些差异越大,层压体的隔音越好。优良的隔音通常导致差的机械性能。此外,各层是不相容的,即在其间几乎不存在机械粘合,并且可能彼此相对滑动。不相容的各层不再能彼此混合,因此这些膜层压体只能差地循环进入工艺中。
本发明的目的因此是制造具有隔音性能的膜层压体,由于对使用的含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛加以选择,所述膜具有高的增塑剂相容性和因此显示优良的隔音。
现已意外地发现包含至少一个基于聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的层的膜层压体具有优良的增塑剂相容性和由于不同的机械强度具有优良的阻尼性能。
不使用聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的膜层压体例如由WO 2006/102049 A1、WO
2011/078314 A1、WO 2011/081190 A1、WO 2011/024788 A1、US
2007014976和JP 2011042552已知。其中并未描述聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的有利性能。
本发明因此涉及由至少三个层A、B和C形成的膜层压体,各层包含至少一种增塑剂和至少一种聚乙烯醇缩醛,其中
- 两个外层A和C包含至少一种具有18.5至23重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩醛
- 至少一个内层B包含具有12至18重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的聚乙烯醇缩醛,和
- 层A、B或C的至少一个包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
本发明的膜层压体优选包含至少一个,特别是两个含有至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛的层。因此,本发明的膜层压体可以具有至少一个,特别是两个包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的层。
在本发明的这一变型方案中,膜层压体可以以这样的方式形成,使得两个外层A和C包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛,内层B包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。备选地,两个外层A和C可以包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛,且内层B可以包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明的膜层压体可以仅由包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的层A、B和C形成,即两个外层A和C包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛,且内层B包含至少与层A和C不同的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
根据ISO 16940:2008,基于阻尼性能,对由层压在两个2 mm厚的玻璃板之间的0.8 mm厚的中间层膜形成的测试试样测定本发明的膜层压体的隔音作用。在各情况下测定第一模式。
本发明的膜层压体的隔音作用在后续玻璃层压体的应用温度下应是最大的。在汽车窗玻璃中,因为板在冬季被加热,在夏季由空调系统制冷,所以应用温度大约为20℃。在上述测量布置中,优选在17.5至22.5℃的温度范围,本发明的膜显示最大的阻尼,特别是阻尼值为超过19%,优选超过20%和更优选超过23%。
本发明使用的各层包含通过在各情况下用“正-”(即直链化合物)或“异-”醛或酮化合物(即支链化合物)使聚乙烯醇缩醛化获得的聚乙烯醇缩醛。
本发明使用的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛优选通过使至少一种聚乙烯醇与一种或多种包含4至10个碳原子并在酮基团的α位或β位处具有至少一个支化的脂肪族酮化合物反应获得。用来制造聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的脂肪族酮化合物在各层中可以相同或不同。用于制造聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的脂肪族酮化合物在不同的层中优选相同;不同的层中的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛更优选是化学相同的,即它们具有相同的聚乙烯醇基和聚乙酸乙烯酯基比例以及相同的聚合度。特别地,使用异丁醛来制造聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
当制造本发明使用的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛时,除所述支链酮化合物之外,也可另外使用一种或多种包含2至10个碳原子的未支化的脂肪族酮化合物用于缩醛化。优选使用正丁醛和/或乙醛与异丁醛的混合物。由支链酮化合物产生的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛中的缩醛基比例应大于支化和未支化的缩醛基总和的60
mol%,优选大于80 mol%。
本发明使用的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛特别由至少一种聚乙烯醇与一种或多种包含2至10个碳原子的脂肪族未支化的酮化合物反应产生。为此优选使用正丁醛。
当制造本发明使用的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛时,除所述未支化的酮化合物之外,也可另外使用一种或多种包含4至10个碳原子的支化脂肪族酮化合物用于缩醛化。优选使用正丁醛和/或乙醛与异丁醛的混合物。由未支化的酮化合物产生的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛中的缩醛基比例应大于支化和未支化的缩醛基总和的60
mol%,优选大于80 mol%。
用于制造聚乙烯醇缩醛(聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛)的不同层中的聚乙烯醇可以在每一情况下相同或不同,为纯物质的形式或为具有不同的聚合度或水解度的聚乙烯醇的混合物形式。
不同层中的聚乙烯醇缩醛(聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛)的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量可以通过使用水解至相应比例的聚乙烯醇来调节。聚乙烯醇缩醛的极性受聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的影响,由此各个子膜的增塑剂相容性和机械强度也变化。也可使用多种醛或酮化合物的混合物来进行聚乙烯醇的缩醛化。
各层优选包含基于该层,聚乙酸乙烯酯基比例,各自相同或不同,为0.1至15重量%,优选0.1至8重量%和特别是0.1至3重量%的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。0.1至2重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯基比例是最特别优选的。
层A和C优选包含基于各层,具有19.0至21重量%的各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇基比例的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。层B优选包含基于所述层,具有14.0至16.0重量%或16.1至18重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。
各层优选包含未交联的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。也可使用交联的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或交联的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。交联聚乙烯醇缩醛的方法例如在EP 1527107 B1和WO 2004/063231 A1 (包含羧基的聚乙烯醇缩醛的热自交联),EP 1606325 A1 (与聚醛交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛)和WO 03/020776 A1 (与乙醛酸交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛)中描述。
在内层B中使用交联的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或交联的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛是特别优选的。在这种情况下,特别使用与各个未交联的材料相比,溶液粘度增加25至200%的交联的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和/或交联的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。例如,未交联的材料因此可以具有80 mPas的溶液粘度,交联的材料可以具有100至250 mPas的溶液粘度。根据WO 03/020776 A1,用上述酮化合物和二醛或三醛,例如戊二醛的混合物的共缩醛化聚乙烯醇适用于制造交联的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。
层A、B和C中使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛(聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛和聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛)可以具有小于3000,优选200至2800的相同或不同的平均聚合度。优选地,层A、B和C中使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛(聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛或聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛)具有900至2500的平均聚合度。
通常,增塑剂和聚乙烯醇缩醛之间的相容性随着增塑剂极性的下降而降低。因此与具有较低极性的那些增塑剂相比,具有较高极性的增塑剂与聚乙烯醇缩醛更好地相容。另外,低极性的增塑剂的相容性随着缩醛化度上升而提高,即随着羟基数目下降和由此聚乙烯醇缩醛极性下降而提高。
由于各层的不同的聚乙烯醇缩醛基团(正和异),所述层可以在相同的聚乙烯醇基团数情况下容纳不同的增塑剂量,没有增塑剂渗出或迁移。不同的增塑剂量也导致各层的机械性能不同,因此层的机械性能和由此膜层压体的机械性能可以通过选择增塑剂和/或使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛的聚乙烯醇含量来调节。
各层可以各自包含相同或不同的增塑剂(第一、第二或第三)。在所有层中使用化学上相同的增塑剂是优选的。
各层可以包含来自至少一种已知用于PVB膜的以下增塑剂的增塑剂或增塑剂混合物:
- 多元脂肪族或芳香族酸的酯,例如己二酸二烷基酯,例如己二酸二己酯,己二酸二辛酯,己二酸己基环己酯,己二酸-庚酯和壬酯的混合物,己二酸二异壬酯,己二酸庚基壬酯,和己二酸与脂环族酯醇或含醚键的酯醇的酯,癸二酸二烷基酯,例如癸二酸二丁酯,和癸二酸与脂环族酯醇或含醚键的酯醇的酯,邻苯二甲酸的酯,邻苯二甲酸丁基苯甲基酯或邻苯二甲酸双-2-丁氧基乙酯,环己烷二羧酸的酯,例如1,2-环己烷二羧酸二异壬酯
- 具有一个或多个未支化或支化脂肪族或芳香族取代基的多元脂肪族或芳香族醇或低聚醚二醇的酯或醚,例如二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇与直链或支化脂肪族或脂环族羧酸的酯;后一组的实例可以提及二乙二醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯),三甘醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯),三甘醇-双-(2-乙基丁酸酯),四甘醇-双-正庚酸酯,三甘醇-双-正庚酸酯,三甘醇-双-正己酸酯,四甘醇二甲醚和/或二丙二醇苯甲酸酯
- 具有脂肪族或芳香族酯醇的磷酸酯,例如三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(TOF),磷酸三乙酯,二苯基-2-乙基己基磷酸酯,和/或磷酸三甲苯酯
- 柠檬酸、琥珀酸和/或富马酸的酯。
特别优选使用一种或多种以下增塑剂:癸二酸二-2-乙基己酯(DOS),己二酸二-2-乙基己酯(DOA),己二酸二己酯(DHA),癸二酸二丁酯(DBS),三甘醇-双-正庚酸酯(3G7),四甘醇-双-正庚酸酯(4G7),三甘醇-双-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO或3G8),四甘醇-双-正-2-乙基己酸酯(4GO或4G8),二-2-丁氧基乙基己二酸酯(DBEA),二-2-丁氧基乙氧基乙基己二酸酯(DBEEA),二-2-丁氧基乙基癸二酸酯(DBES),二-2-乙基己基邻苯二甲酸酯(DOP),二-异壬基邻苯二甲酸酯(DINP),三甘醇-双-异壬酸酯,三甘醇-双-2-丙基己酸酯,1,2-环己烷二羧酸二异壬基酯(DINCH),三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(TOF)和二丙二醇苯甲酸酯。
此外,各层可以包含其它添加剂,例如残留水量,UV吸收剂,抗氧剂,粘附性调节剂,荧光增白剂,稳定剂,着色剂,加工助剂,有机或无机纳米颗粒,热解二氧化硅和/或表面活性物质。
在本发明的一种变型方案中,所有层以基本相同的浓度包含上述添加剂。在本发明的一种特殊变型方案中,至少一个层不包含任何粘附性调节剂(抗粘剂)。在本发明范围内,抗粘剂应理解为表示可以用其来调节含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛膜对玻璃表面的粘附性的化合物。此类化合物是本领域技术人员已知的;为此在实践中经常使用有机酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐,例如乙酸钾/镁。
为改善刚性,至少一个层也可包含0.001至20重量%,优选1至15重量%,特别是5至10重量%的SiO2,任选掺杂有Al2O3或ZrO2。
膜层压体内的各层可以几乎以任何厚度使用,条件是不以不利的方式改变隔音性能。所有层因此可以具有相同的厚度,但是也可组合不同厚度的各层。在以三层复合体形式的本发明膜层压体的优选布置中,外层A和C基本具有相同的厚度,而隔音层B可以尽可能地薄。隔音层B因此在膜层压体的总厚度为0.76 mm情况下可以具有0.05至0.20 mm的厚度。
本发明的膜层压体优选具有工业上常规的总厚度,例如0.38、0.76和1.14 mm (即0.38 mm的多倍)。
为制造本发明的膜层压体,各层可以首先通过挤出分别制造,然后例如通过一起卷绕到膜卷上来机械接合,形成本发明的中间层膜。也可通过同时共挤出各层来制造膜层压体。例如,可以使用为此装备的多层喷嘴或供料模块来进行共挤出。
在汽车领域中,经常使用在上部区域中具有所谓“色带”的膜。为此,膜的上部可以与为此着色的聚合物熔体共挤出,或者在多层系统中,各层之一可以着不同的颜色。在本发明中,这一点可以通过完全或部分地使至少一个层着色来实现。
本发明的膜层压体或各层通常通过挤出或共挤出来制造,并且在一定条件(熔融压力,熔融温度和模具温度)下形成熔体破裂表面,即随机的表面粗糙度。
备选地,可以在至少一对辊之间通过压印过程(Prägevorgang)使已经制造的本发明的膜层压体压印带有有规律的非随机的粗糙度。压印的膜在复合玻璃制造期间通常显示改善的排气性能(Entlüftungsverhalten),并且优选用于汽车领域。独立于制造方法,本发明的膜层压体具有施加到一侧或更优选双侧上的表面结构,所述表面结构具有15至150 μm,优选15至100 μm,更优选20至80 μm,和特别是40至75 μm的粗糙度Rz。
基于聚乙烯醇缩醛的膜的原理性制造和组成在例如EP 185 863 B1、EP 1 118 258 B1、WO
02/102591 A1、EP 1 118 258 B1或EP 387 148 B1中描述。
本发明的膜层压体适合用于制造玻璃/膜层压体/玻璃、玻璃/膜层压体/塑料复合体,或塑料/膜层压体/塑料复合体。特别地,使用由聚碳酸酯、PET或PMMA制成的塑料板。
膜层压体特别适用于制造用于汽车、飞机、船舶、建筑窗玻璃、立面部件的玻璃/膜层压体/玻璃、玻璃/膜层压体/塑料复合体,或塑料/膜层压体/塑料复合体,或用于制造光伏模块。
特别地,本发明的膜层压体可以通过本领域技术人员已知的方式与一个或多个玻璃板层压,用于制造复合安全玻璃。复合安全玻璃可以用于汽车领域,例如用作挡风玻璃,和用于建筑领域,例如用于窗户或透明立面部件,或用于制造家具。
对于具有HUD功能性的挡风玻璃,有利地提供具有楔形剖面的至少一个层A、B或C。特别地,层B具有楔形剖面而层A和C具有均匀(面平行)剖面。
具体实施方式
测量方法
根据ASTM D 1396-92测定 PVB 的聚乙烯醇含量和聚乙酸乙烯酯含量。缩醛化度(=丁缩醛含量)可以作为根据ASTM D 1396-92测定的聚乙烯醇含量和聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的总和距离100的差额部分计算。通过本领域技术人员已知的公式将重量%转换成为mol%。
通过将膜溶解在乙醇中,以及后续的定量气相色谱法来确定膜的增塑剂含量。为了确定各子膜的增塑剂含量,必须在大约一周的调理时间之后,即在增塑剂迁移已经基本结束之后,多层膜再次经分离,并分别测量。
阻尼性能的测量
通过根据ISO 16940:2008,测量机械阻抗测定膜的阻尼性能。为此,将膜层压在2 mm厚的两个玻璃板之间,并从中切割尺寸为300×25 mm的试样。借助于在试剂中的氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂将粘合钉头螺丝(UA0866型/Brüel & Kjaer)施加于该玻璃试样,这样使得可借助于螺纹将试样直接连接至阻抗头(8001型/ Brüel & Kjaer
GmbH)。这样能够在1至10,000
Hz的频率范围内同时测量玻璃试样的点处的力和加速度。将阻抗头直接放置在振荡激发器(4809型/ Brüel & Kjaer
GmbH)的摇荡台上,借此传递所需的力。将两者都放置在可调节的隔热的加热橱(Binder公司)中,这样使得可在优选0至40℃的温度范围测定阻尼性能。现在借助于噪声信号发生器(PULSE
Frontend型3560B-040/Brüel & Kjaer GmbH)制造噪声,该噪声信号发生器也用作信号接收器。噪声经由功率放大器(2718型/ Brüel & Kjaer
GmbH)传送到振荡激发器。频率范围为0至5,000
Hz。现在,借助于力/加速度吸收,直接经由阻抗头,在不同温度下测量玻璃试样对产生的振荡的响应,并使用分析软件(PULSE
FFT Analysis 7770N2型/ Brüel & Kjaer GmbH)进行评价。由测定的力和加速度的转换函数,确定玻璃试样的振动模式n的不同的固有频率
及其半值宽度。在信号极大值下的3dB处选择半值宽度。使用公式来确定不同固有频率下的损耗因数或阻尼。高的损耗因数或高的阻尼百分比可以用作隔音性能的质量量度。在0至40℃的所考虑的温度范围内尽可能宽的阻尼曲线是有价值的。
因为材料的阻尼性能取决于温度,所以在5℃间隔的选定温度范围中测量该试样,所述温度范围原则上覆盖吸音玻璃的应用范围。
膜的拉伸性能的测量
根据ISO 527,以200
mm/min的速率,借助于拉伸测试仪(TIRA公司)测定膜的撕裂强度和断裂伸长率的值。
实施例
1) 聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛的一般合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
28-99 (来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加57.5重量份的正丁醛,在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加75重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)沉淀之后将混合物加热至73℃,并在该温度下搅拌2小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有20.3重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和0.9重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
2) 具有14.1重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92(来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品,平均聚合度为2100)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加56.8重量份的正丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛b,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌两小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有14.1重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.8重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
3) 具有15.1重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92 (来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品,平均聚合度为2100)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加55.5重量份的正丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛b,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌两小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有15.1重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.5重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
4) 具有14.4重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92 (来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加68.6重量份的异丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB) 沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌2小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有14.4重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.7重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
5) 具有15.6重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92 (来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加67.6重量份的异丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌两小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有15.6重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.6重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
6) 具有16.4重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92(来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加66.6重量份的异丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌两小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有16.4重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.5重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
7) 具有17.9重量%的聚乙烯醇含量的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛的合成步骤
将100重量份的聚乙烯醇Mowiol
30-92(来自Kuraray Europe GmbH的商品)溶于975重量份的水中,同时加热至90℃。在40℃的温度添加60.8重量份的异丁醛和0.06重量份的戊二醛,和在12℃的温度在搅拌下添加100重量份的20%盐酸。在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB) 沉淀之后将混合物加热至69℃,并在该温度下搅拌两小时。在冷却到室温之后,分离PVB,用水洗涤至中性,并干燥。获得具有17.9重量%的聚乙烯醇含量和8.6重量%的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的PVB。
膜的制造
通过结合在一起,制造由根据表1的组成的子层形成的膜。3G8(三甘醇)用作增塑剂。
实施例1至4显示本发明的膜,其具有聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛/聚乙烯醇缩(异)丁醛/聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛结构,在各情况下在外层中具有相同的聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯含量。
对比例1和2显示并非本发明的膜,其具有聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛/聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛/聚乙烯醇缩(正)丁醛结构,对于内层和外层具有给出的聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯含量。
表2显示关于膜的物理数据。其显示与具有堪相比较的PVA含量的对比例相比,本发明的膜在20℃具有更好的阻尼。使用的聚乙烯醇缩醛的PVA含量对于膜的阻尼性能是决定性的。与具有低PVA含量的膜相比,基于相同的MW含量,具有高PVA含量的膜在给定温度(在这种情况下为20℃)下通常显示较差的阻尼。但是在实施例3和4中,即使是具有高PVA含量,本发明的膜在20℃下仍然显示很好的阻尼性能。这一点在于由于本发明膜的增塑剂相容性改善,阻尼最大值可朝向较低温度推移的事实。较高的增塑剂吸收通常意味着膜的机械性能,例如撕裂强度受损。但是,现已发现与具有相似的PVA含量的对比例1和2相比,实施例1和2中的本发明的膜具有甚至更好的撕裂强度。
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Claims (11)
1. 膜层压体,由至少三个层A、B和C形成,各层包含至少一种增塑剂和至少一种聚乙烯醇缩醛,其特征在于
- 两个外层A和C包含至少一种具有18.5至23重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩醛
- 至少一个内层B包含具有12至18重量%的聚乙烯醇基比例的聚乙烯醇缩醛,和
- 层A、B或C的至少一个包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
2. 根据权利要求1的膜层压体,其特征在于至少一个层A、B或C包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。
3. 根据权利要求1的膜层压体,其特征在于两个外层A、C包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛,且内层B包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。
4. 根据权利要求1的膜层压体,其特征在于两个外层A、C包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛,且内层B包含至少一种聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
5. 根据权利要求1的膜层压体,其特征在于两个外层A、C包含至少一种各自相同或不同的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛,且内层B包含至少一种不同于层A和C的聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
6. 根据权利要求1至5之一的膜层压体,其特征在于通过使至少一种聚乙烯醇与一种或多种包含4至10个碳原子和在酮基的α位或β位处具有至少一个支化的脂肪族酮化合物反应获得聚乙烯醇缩(异)醛。
7. 根据权利要求1至5之一的膜层压体,其特征在于通过使至少一种聚乙烯醇与一种或多种包含2至10个碳原子的脂肪族未支化的酮化合物反应获得聚乙烯醇缩(正)醛。
8. 根据权利要求1至7之一的膜层压体,其特征在于根据ISO/PAS 16940 (按2002年7月16日的状态),在17.5至22.5℃的温度范围,用中间层膜制造的由2 mm玻璃/0.8 mm中间层膜/2
mm玻璃形成的试样具有超过19%的第一模式阻尼值。
9. 根据权利要求1至8之一的膜层压体,其特征在于通过共挤出各层制造膜层压体。
10. 根据权利要求1至8之一的膜层压体,其特征在于通过结合各层制造膜层压体。
11. 根据权利要求1至10之一的膜层压体用于制造用于汽车、飞机、船舶、建筑窗玻璃、立面部件的玻璃/膜层压体/玻璃复合体,或用于制造光伏模块的用途。
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RU2598436C2 (ru) | 2016-09-27 |
JP5755192B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 |
KR101964811B1 (ko) | 2019-04-02 |
EP2548733B1 (de) | 2014-02-12 |
EP2548728A1 (de) | 2013-01-23 |
BR102012018273A2 (pt) | 2013-08-06 |
US20130189527A1 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
KR20130012000A (ko) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2548733A1 (de) | 2013-01-23 |
RU2012128575A (ru) | 2014-01-20 |
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