CN115071228A - 包含功能膜的层压玻璃 - Google Patents

包含功能膜的层压玻璃 Download PDF

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CN115071228A
CN115071228A CN202210679581.0A CN202210679581A CN115071228A CN 115071228 A CN115071228 A CN 115071228A CN 202210679581 A CN202210679581 A CN 202210679581A CN 115071228 A CN115071228 A CN 115071228A
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film
laminated glass
plasticizer
glass according
glass
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U.凯勒
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Kuraray Europe GmbH
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Kuraray Europe GmbH
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  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及层压玻璃，其由具有至少一层膜A、至少一层膜B和聚合物膜C夹层的两个玻璃板组成，所述膜A包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PA和任选的至少一种增塑剂WA，所述膜B包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PB和至少一种增塑剂WB，其特征在于：‑膜A包含不到16重量%的增塑剂WA，‑膜B包含至少16重量%的增塑剂WB，‑膜C包含聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、乙酸纤维素或离聚物，并且其中膜C位于膜A和膜B之间。

Description

包含功能膜的层压玻璃
本申请是申请日为2017年05月19日的申请号为2017103570458的题为“包含功能膜的层压玻璃”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及层压玻璃，其包含夹在具有高和低增塑剂含量的基于聚乙烯醇缩醛的两层膜之间的功能化聚合物膜。
背景技术
通过在层压制件中嵌入任选功能化的聚合物薄膜来提供具有附加特征如热屏蔽或改善的耐渗透性的层压玻璃是已知的。在此目的中，PET薄膜被广泛使用，这是由于它们具有高的弹性模量和良好的耐热性，并可例如通过溅射以热屏蔽材料容易地功能化。
为了制备具有热屏蔽性能的层压玻璃板，以IR吸收或IR反射方式涂布的PET薄膜被嵌入多层含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛之间。这种体系具有总是必须使用至少3个膜层(1x功能化的PET、2xPVB膜)的缺点，因为PET不能在玻璃表面上直接熔融。这种技术描述于例如US2011/00767473中。然而，功能化的PET薄膜不粘合在玻璃上，并因此需要嵌入两个粘合层之间。这种夹层结构难以处理，且如果使用标准粘合层，则相当厚。
作为这样的替代，WO 2005/059013 A1提出通过用特殊印刷油墨印刷PVB膜来施加吸热性纳米颗粒。然而，膜与玻璃表面的粘合性能可受到该印刷的不利影响。
由于PVB膜必须具有粗糙化表面以便无困难地除去层压过程中的空气的事实，可能向其施加的PET薄膜将在与玻璃表面一起挤压后光学上不均匀。此外，厚的增塑膜幅的印刷是困难的，这是由于此类膜在它们退卷时伸长且可能随后再次收缩回去。
发明内容
问题
因此，本发明针对的问题是提供中间层膜，其包含任选的功能化聚合物膜，而不牺牲汽车或建筑窗所要求的层压玻璃的必需的安全和厚度性能。
已发现聚合物膜(例如由PET制备的)可有利地与具有低量增塑剂或不具有增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛基薄膜结合，并且使用层压玻璃层压制件的典型制备方法，这些膜可在一个玻璃表面上直接熔融。
然后可结合由含增塑剂的聚乙烯醇缩醛形成的至少一层来获得层压玻璃层压制件的通常要求的安全性能。
因此，本发明涉及层压玻璃，其由具有至少一层膜A、至少一层膜B和聚合物膜C夹层的两个玻璃板组成，所述膜A包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PA和任选的至少一种增塑剂WA，所述膜B包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PB和至少一种增塑剂WB，其特征在于
- 膜A包含不到16重量%的增塑剂WA，
- 膜B包含至少16重量%的增塑剂WB，
- 膜C包含聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、乙酸纤维素或离聚物，
并且其中膜C位于膜A和膜B之间。
附图说明
图1是显示膜A和B具有与玻璃板相同的尺寸而膜C具有较小尺寸的实施方式的图。
图2是显示膜A和C具有相同尺寸，但是尺寸比膜B小的实施方式的图。
具体实施方式
膜C优选具有在10–1000 µm、优选20–500 µm、更优选30 µm–200 µm且最优选40 µm–150 µm之间范围内的厚度。膜A的厚度为10–150 µm、优选20–120 µm。
在本发明的优选实施方案中，当按照DIN EN ISO 527-1/527-3(23 ℃/30% RH)测定时，膜C在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力为膜B在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力的至少100%，优选为膜B在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力的150%且最优选为膜B在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力的200%。此实施方案提供具有增强的耐渗透性的层压玻璃。
在另一实施方案中，膜C具备热屏蔽功能。术语“热屏蔽功能”是指具有如下测定的降低的总太阳能透射率(TTS)的膜：
TTS(膜C作为基膜)–TTS(具有热屏蔽性能的膜C)>10%、>12.5%、>15%、>17.5%或者>20%
总太阳能透射率(TTS)在由2 x 2.1 mm透明玻璃(例如Planilux™)和标准汽车膜作为膜B(例如 TROSIFOL VG R10 0.76)结合膜C和A组成的测试层压制件中，按照ISO13837:2008 (v = 14 m/s；值以%表示)测定，各膜作为不具有热屏蔽功能的膜，与其中膜C具有热屏蔽功能的层压制件相比较。
此外，具有热屏蔽功能的膜C可通过透光率(TL，按照EN 410; 2011测定，值以%表示)与热屏蔽效率的高比率定义。根据本发明使用的热屏蔽膜C优选具有超过1.2或超过1.25或超过1.30或超过1.35或超过1.40或超过1.45的TL/TTS的商。
膜C的热屏蔽功能可由例如包含银、金、铟、铝或铑的金属涂层提供。所述涂层可具有 1-500 nm的厚度并可例如通过化学气相分解法施加。这种热屏蔽膜的一个良好的商业实例是EASTMAN的XIR® SOLAR CONTROL FILMS，其由具有不同种类的金属涂层的PET基底膜组成，所述金属涂层反射热辐射但保持相对高的透光率。
在另一实施方案中，膜C可包含热屏蔽颗粒，例如ITO、ATO、AZO、IZO、锑酸锌、锡掺杂的氧化锌、硅掺杂的氧化锌、镓掺杂的氧化锌、钨酸盐类，如LiWO3、NaWO3、CsWO3，六硼化镧或六硼化铈。
在另外的实施方案中，膜A和/或B可包含上述热屏蔽颗粒。除了膜C的热屏蔽功能或独立于(separately to)膜C的热屏蔽功能，可提供膜A和/或B的热屏蔽性能。
所述热屏蔽颗粒优选具有5至500 nm的平均直径。膜A、B和/或C之中或之上的热屏蔽颗粒的比例可为1-20重量%、优选2-10重量%。所述膜B之中或之上的热屏蔽颗粒的比例可为0.05-2重量%、优选0.2-1重量%。
膜A和/或C可包含导电结构，如电热丝、天线或具有光学功能的其它层或可被装饰性地印刷。如果膜C是金属化的，这种涂层也可用作电阻加热器。
膜A和B可在各层层压之前的起始状态下以及还有在位于层压玻璃层压制件中的中间层堆中包含单一增塑剂以及不同组成和相同组成两者的增塑剂的混合物。术语“不同组成”是指增塑剂的类型及其在混合物中的比例两者。在其中膜C插入膜B和膜A之间的玻璃层压制件的区域中，可能没有增塑剂在膜A和B之间迁移或增塑剂仅非常慢地在膜A和B之间迁移。在没有膜C的玻璃层压制件的区域(例如，层压边缘处的切口区域或回切区域)中，膜A和膜B优选在成品层压制件中具有相同的增塑剂WA和WB。
根据本发明使用的含增塑剂的膜B包含至少16重量%，如16.1–36.0重量%、优选22.0–32.0重量%且特别地26.0- 30.0重量%的增塑剂。
根据本发明使用的膜A可包含不到16重量%(如15.9重量%)、不到12重量%、不到8重量%、不到6重量%、不到4重量%、不到3重量%、不到2重量%、不到1重量%的增塑剂或甚至不含增塑剂(0.0 重量%)。具有低增塑剂含量的膜A优选包含0.0–8重量%的增塑剂。
在根据本发明的方法中，膜A具有膜B(一层或更多层)的厚度的不超过20%、优选15%、并优选不超过10%的厚度。
膜A的厚度为10–150 µm、优选 20–120 µm、优选 30–100 µm、优选 40–80 µm 且最优选 50–70 µm。
膜A与膜B分开制备(例如挤出)且完全不具有增塑剂或具有小比例的增塑剂。对于膜A具有热屏蔽颗粒的情况，后者的分散不受到这种低增塑剂含量的不利影响。
膜B的厚度为450–2500 µm、优选600–1000 µm、优选700–900 µm。在使用多层膜B的情况下，其总厚度也是如此。若膜B在制备夹层结构之前经拉伸和/或另外以弯曲方式适应屏蔽物(screen)(例如挡风玻璃)的形状，则层压时的指定厚度可再次减少至多20%。
在根据本发明的玻璃层压制件中，至少一层薄膜A相对玻璃层压制件的玻璃内表面取向，而至少一层膜C被包封于膜A和膜B之间。还可能在两个玻璃表面上都施加膜A，从而提供具有如玻璃/膜A/膜C/膜B/膜C/膜A/玻璃的层顺序的层压玻璃。这里，膜A和C的装饰可能相同或不同。
在汽车玻璃的情况下，由于审美和稳定性的原因，不优选用密封剂密封层压玻璃层压制件的边缘。这促使这种玻璃容易形成边缘缺陷，如各层彼此分离(脱层)或IR吸收层的腐蚀或化学改性到达远至层压制件的边缘。
在根据本发明的方法中，膜C可经裁切(tailor cut)和放置使得它不到达层压玻璃层压制件中远至层压制件边缘的每个地方。特别地，边缘区域中的膜C可比至少一个玻璃板小至少1mm，从而在该边缘区域中的膜A和膜B彼此以及与至少一个玻璃板直接接触。
在另一实施方案中，膜A和C都比膜B和至少一个玻璃板小至少1mm，从而层压制件的边缘仅被膜B密封，在这种情况下，在此边缘区域中膜B与两个玻璃内表面接触。
此外，薄膜C可在插入玻璃/膜夹层结构之前经穿孔，从而它可具有开口，如任何几何图案的通道、孔或狭缝。
因此，膜C可具有至少一个开口，从而借助该开口，膜B和膜A彼此直接接触。特别地，因此，可在层压玻璃的某些点获得开口，否则在所述点后面的传感元件、光学元件和/或天线元件的功能将受到例如金属热屏蔽层的阻碍。
在层压制件中，膜C可具有一定的尺寸和位置使得它不到达层压玻璃中到层压制件的所有边缘的每个地方。特别地，该膜可比玻璃板和/或膜B和/或膜A小。
例如，膜A和B可具有与玻璃板相同的尺寸，而膜C具有较小尺寸，导致在层压制件的边缘处膜A和B之间直接接触。在另一实施方案中，膜A和C具有相同尺寸，但是尺寸比膜B小，导致在层压制件的边缘处两个玻璃板都与膜B直接接触，而膜A和C被包封。这些变体显示于图1和图2中。
在另一实施方案中，膜C可具有与膜A和B相同的尺寸(即100%)，或其尺寸是最终层压玻璃的表面积或层压制件中的膜A和B的表面积的不到99%、95%、90%、80%、60%、50%，优选不到40%、30%、20%、15%。
根据本发明使用的膜A和B包含聚乙烯醇缩醛，其通过聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的缩醛化制备。
所述膜可包含聚乙烯醇缩醛，各自具有不同的聚乙烯醇含量、缩醛化程度、残余乙酸酯含量、乙烯比例、分子量和/或缩醛基团的醛的不同链长。
特别地，用于制备聚乙烯醇缩醛的醛或酮化合物可为包含2至10个碳原子的直链或支链的(也就是说，“正”或“异”型)，其产生相应的直链或支链缩醛基。聚乙烯醇缩醛因此称为“聚乙烯醇(异)缩醛”或“聚乙烯醇(正)缩醛”。
根据本发明使用的聚乙烯醇(正)缩醛特别地由至少一种聚乙烯醇与包含2至10个碳原子的一种或更多种脂族无支链酮化合物的反应产生。为了此目的，优选使用正丁醛。
用于制备膜A或B中的聚乙烯醇缩醛的聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物可相同或不同、为纯的或具有不同聚合度或水解度的聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的混合物。
膜A或B中的聚乙烯醇缩醛的聚乙酸乙烯酯含量可通过使用皂化至合适程度的聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物来调节。聚乙烯醇缩醛的极性受到聚乙酸乙烯酯含量的影响，由此各层的增塑剂相容性和机械强度也改变。还可能使用多种醛或酮化合物的混合物进行聚乙烯醇或乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的缩醛化。
膜A或B优选包含基于各层计，相同或不同地，具有0.1至 20 mol%、优选0.5至 3mol%、或5至8 mol%的聚乙酸乙烯酯基团的比例的聚乙烯醇缩醛。
在起始状态下具有较低增塑剂含量的膜A的所用聚乙烯醇缩醛PA的聚乙烯醇含量可在6–26重量%、8–24重量%、10–22重量%、12–21重量%、14–20重量%、16–19重量%之间并优选在16-21重量%或10–16重量%之间。
在起始状态下较富含增塑剂的膜B的所用聚乙烯醇缩醛PB的聚乙烯醇含量可在14–26重量%、16–24重量%、17–23重量%之间并优选在18-21重量%之间。
膜A或B优选包含未交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛。也可能使用交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛。使聚乙烯醇缩醛交联的方法描述于例如EP 1527107 B1和WO 2004/063231 A1(包含羧基的聚乙烯醇缩醛的热自交联)、EP 1606325 A1(与聚醛交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛)和WO 03/020776 A1(与水合乙醛酸交联的聚乙烯醇缩醛)。
根据本发明使用的膜A和/或B可包含选自以下组的一种或更多种化合物作为增塑剂：
- 多价脂族或芳族酸的酯，例如二烷基己二酸酯，如己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己基环己基己二酸酯、己二酸庚酯和己二酸壬酯的混合物、己二酸二异壬酯、庚基壬基己二酸酯，和己二酸与脂环族酯醇或包含醚键的酯醇的酯、二烷基癸二酸酯，如癸二酸二丁酯，以及还有癸二酸与脂环族酯醇或包含醚键的酯醇的酯、邻苯二甲酸的酯，如丁基苄基邻苯二甲酸酯或双-2-丁氧基乙基邻苯二甲酸酯。
- 具有一个或更多个无支链或支链脂族或芳族取代基的多价脂族或芳族醇或低聚醚二醇的酯或醚，例如甘油、二甘醇、三甘醇或四甘醇与直链或支链脂族或脂环族羧酸的酯；后一组的实例包括二甘醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯)、三甘醇-双-(2-乙基己酸酯)、三甘醇-双-(2-乙基丁酸酯)、四甘醇-双-正庚酸酯、三甘醇-双-正庚酸酯、三甘醇-双-正己酸酯、四甘醇二甲基醚和/或一缩二丙二醇苯甲酸酯。
- 使用脂族或芳族酯醇的磷酸酯，如三(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(TOF)、磷酸三乙酯、二苯基-2-乙基己基磷酸酯和/或磷酸三甲苯酯。
- 柠檬酸、琥珀酸和/或富马酸的酯。
通过定义，增塑剂是具有高沸点的有机液体。由于此原因，也可使用具有120℃以上的沸点的其它类型的有机液体作为增塑剂。
在起始状态下增塑剂WA存在于膜A中的变体中的膜A以及还有膜B特别优选包含1,2-环己烷二羧酸二异壬基酯(DINCH)或三甘醇-双-2-乙基己酸酯(3GO或3G8)作为增塑剂。
此外，膜A和B可包含其它添加剂，如残余量的水、UV吸收剂、抗氧化剂、粘合调节剂、荧光增白剂或荧光添加剂、稳定剂、着色剂、加工助剂、有机纳米颗粒、热解法硅酸和/或表面活性物质。特别地，膜B可包含0.001至0.1重量%的羧酸的碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐作为粘合调节剂。
为了避免在膜C的热屏蔽层处的腐蚀，膜A优选包含不到150 ppm氯离子和/或硝酸根离子和/或硫酸根离子。
因此，膜A的氯离子含量可不到150 ppm、优选不到100 ppm且特别地不到50 ppm。在理想情况下，膜A的氯离子含量不到10 ppm或甚至为0 ppm。
膜A的硝酸根含量任选可不到150 ppm、优选不到100 ppm且特别地不到50 ppm。在理想情况下，膜A的硝酸根含量不到10 ppm或甚至为0 ppm。
再次任选地，膜A的硫酸根含量可为不到150 ppm、优选不到100 ppm且特别地不到50 ppm。在理想情况下，膜A的硫酸根含量不到10 ppm或甚至为0 ppm。
膜A另外可包含超过0 ppm的镁离子。镁含量优选超过5 ppm、特别优选10 ppm、特别为5 - 20 ppm。
为了在膜C中避免皱褶，膜A和B应具有低的热收缩。优选膜A和B以使得它们在60℃下在1 h内显示不到25%、更优选不到15%或不到10%且特别优选不到5%的纵向(挤出方向)热收缩的方式制备。为了在指定温度下测定收缩率的目的，将在挤出方向上进行标记的膜A或B的一10 x 10 cm的片放在撒有细沙(以提供自由移动而不粘到表面上)的平托盘上，放入设置于60℃的烘箱并保持1小时。将最终长度与最初长度(10 cm)进行比较。
在另一实施方案中，膜A具有比膜B高的玻璃化转变温度Tg(通过DSC测定)。因此，膜A的玻璃化转变温度Tg(通过DSC测定)比膜B的玻璃化转变温度Tg(通过DSC测定)高超过5℃、超过10℃或超过15℃。
优选膜A具有高于25℃或高于30℃或高于40℃且最优选高于50℃的玻璃化转变温度Tg(通过DSC测定)。
本发明还涉及用于制备所述热屏蔽层压玻璃层压制件的方法，其中膜A和膜C经预层压并放置在玻璃板上，然后被至少一层膜B覆盖，并然后施加第二玻璃板。更特别地，膜A和C可在合适的压延设备上共同层压并卷绕并在中间作为卷储存。然后可将该中间两层压膜(bi-lam film)与两层玻璃及膜B结合以获得根据本发明的层压制件。非常优选当由膜A和膜C制备这种预层压制件且膜C在其一个表面上带有功能性涂层时，膜A将粘合到膜C的这种涂布面上。
根据本发明可能首先通过提高的温度使由膜A和膜C组成的双重结构(duplet)熔融在玻璃板上(在整个区域或局部地)，并随后用膜B将其覆盖。或者，可将膜A和膜C的双重结构和膜B共同放置在两个玻璃板之间并在提高的温度下使其熔融。
优选进行用于制备层压玻璃的层压步骤使得膜A、膜C和膜B被放置在两个玻璃板之间，并且在提高的压力或降低的压力和提高的温度下挤压由此制备的层状体以形成层压制件。
为了层压所述层状体，可在进行和不进行预层压制件的在先制备下使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法。
在约10至15巴的提高的压力和100至145℃的温度下进行所谓的压热器法，历时约2小时。例如根据EP 1 235 683 B1的真空袋或真空环方法在约200毫巴和130至145℃下起作用。
也可使用所谓的真空层压机。这些由可加热和抽空的腔室组成，在所述腔室中层压玻璃可在30–60分钟内进行层压。0.01至300毫巴的减压和100至 200℃、特别是130–160℃的温度已在实践中证明其价值。
在最简单的情况下，为了制备层压玻璃层压制件，首先将膜A和膜C或膜B放置在玻璃板上，并同时或随后放置另外的膜B或膜C和A。然后施加第二玻璃板并制备玻璃膜层压制件。然后可借助于本领域技术人员已知的任何预层压方法除去过量空气。这里，各层还已经首先彼此和与玻璃轻微地粘合结合(adhesively bond)。
然后玻璃膜层压制件可经历压热器法。优选将之前制备的由膜A和膜C组成的双重结构放置在第一玻璃板上并用较厚的膜B覆盖，然后施加第二玻璃板。所述方法可以许多想得到的且原则上可实践的变体进行。例如，由膜A和C组成的双重结构容易从具有合适宽度的辊除去，而膜B已预先裁切成待制备的层压玻璃的尺寸。这特别在挡风玻璃和其它汽车玻璃部件的情况下是有利的。在这种情况下，在膜B被裁切之前还另外拉伸较厚的膜B是特别有利的。这使得能够更经济地使用膜，或对于其中膜B具有色调(colour tint)的情况，这允许其曲率适应上部板边缘。
在制备根据本发明的层压玻璃的上述方式中，重要的是遵守膜A(接触玻璃表面和膜C)、膜C(包封在膜A和膜B之间)和膜B(接触膜C和至少一个玻璃表面)的相对顺序。
在汽车领域中，特别对于挡风玻璃的制备，通常使用在上部区域具有所谓的遮光带(shade band)的膜。为了此目的，膜A和B的任一上部可与合适的有色聚合物熔体共挤出，或者在膜A和B之一的多层体系中的一些区域中可能存在不同着色。在本发明中，这可通过膜A和B中的至少一种的完全或部分着色实现。
因此，根据本发明，膜B可具有色调，其特别地已在前面的工艺步骤中适应挡风玻璃的几何形状。
膜B也可能具有楔形厚度分布(profile)。根据本发明的层压玻璃层压制件获得楔形厚度分布，即使膜A具有平行平面的厚度分布，并可用于机动车挡风玻璃用于HUD显示器。
在最简单的情况下，膜B为可商购的PVB膜，具有或不具有遮光带且具有或不具有楔形厚度分布。其中分散有纳米颗粒用于IR保护的膜B也可用作有色膜。当然，膜B也可为具有声学功能的膜，从而通过与膜A结合获得进一步改善的隔音性能。当然，膜B可能也已结合多种上述功能。
通常使用流延膜生产线或以吹塑膜的形式通过挤出制备薄膜A。这里，也可通过受控熔体破裂或另外通过使用结构化冷却辊采用流延膜方法来产生表面粗糙度。
此外，已经制备的膜可借助于压印过程在至少一对滚筒之间压印规则的、非随机的粗糙度。根据本发明使用的膜优选具有单面表面结构，其粗糙度Rz为0至 25 µm、优选Rz为1至 20 µm、特别优选Rz为3至15 µm且特别地Rz为4至12 µm。特别优选膜A与玻璃板接触的那一面具有不超过其厚度的20%的表面粗糙度Rz。具备热屏蔽涂层的表面优选在施加所述涂层之前具有特别低的表面粗糙度。特别地，这里粗糙度参数Ra不到3µm且Rz不到5µm。

Claims (13)

1.层压玻璃，其由具有至少一层膜A、至少一层膜B和聚合物膜C夹层的两个玻璃板组成，所述膜A包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PA和任选的至少一种增塑剂WA，所述膜B包含聚乙烯醇缩醛PB和至少一种增塑剂WB，其特征在于
- 膜A包含不到4重量%的增塑剂WA，
- 膜B包含至少16重量%的增塑剂WB，
- 膜C包含聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、乙酸纤维素或离聚物，
其中膜C位于膜A和膜B之间，
其中所述膜C具有比膜B小的表面积，
并且其中所述膜A的厚度为10 – 150μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜C在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力是膜B在10%伸长率下的拉伸应力的至少100%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜C具备热屏蔽功能。
4.根据权利要求3所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜C具备金属热屏蔽涂层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜C包含热屏蔽颗粒。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜A和/或B和/或膜C包含热屏蔽颗粒。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述膜A包含乙烯醇基团的比例为6至26重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛PA，并且所述膜B包含乙烯醇基团的比例为14至26重量%的聚乙烯醇缩醛B。
8.根据权利要求1至7中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述膜B包含0.001至0.1重量%的羧酸的碱金属盐和/或碱土金属盐。
9.根据权利要求1至8中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述膜C具有至少一个开口，使得借助该开口，所述膜B与膜A直接接触。
10.根据权利要求1至9中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述膜B具有楔形厚度分布。
11.根据权利要求1至10中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，所述膜B具有有色区域。
12.根据权利要求1至11中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜A具有有色区域。
13.根据权利要求1至12中一项所述的层压玻璃，其特征在于，膜A包含不到150 ppm的氯离子和/或硝酸根离子和/或硫酸根离子。
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