CN102850765B - 低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法 - Google Patents

低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102850765B
CN102850765B CN201210335452.6A CN201210335452A CN102850765B CN 102850765 B CN102850765 B CN 102850765B CN 201210335452 A CN201210335452 A CN 201210335452A CN 102850765 B CN102850765 B CN 102850765B
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screw extruder
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崔晓文
石明东
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Changzhou Weimao New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
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JIANGSU AGT NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
JIANGSU AGT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505Screws
    • B29C48/625Screws characterised by the ratio of the threaded length of the screw to its outside diameter [L/D ratio]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92514Pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/9258Velocity
    • B29C2948/9259Angular velocity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92704Temperature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92885Screw or gear
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
    • B29C2948/92895Barrel or housing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92914Degassing unit

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,将所述的聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯原料按比例加入挤出机主喂料口,然后在侧喂料口加入0.5-5%的助剂,经过双螺杆挤出机进行挤出加工,合金中产生的小分子气体全部溶解到助剂中,然后在高温下从挤出机的真空排气口中排出,所得产品即为低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金。本发明中所述的挤出机须备有真空排气设备,真空度须达到100mbar以下,体系中加入的助剂将全部从挤出机的真空排气设备排走,所制备的合金材料的气味显著降低,满足了汽车用材料的标准和要求,具有显著的工业应用价值。

Description

低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,具体涉及一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法。
背景技术
聚苯醚化学名称为聚2,6-二甲基-1,4-苯醚,是一类耐高温的热塑性工程塑料,具有优良的机械性能和热性能,优异的耐水性、耐酸碱性和耐光性,突出的电绝缘性和尺寸稳定性,良好的阻燃性能,被广泛用于汽车、电子电器和水处理领域,但是其熔融流动性较差,加工较为困难。为了改善加工性能,聚苯乙烯被用来与聚苯醚进行改性,其制备的合金材料由于性能优良被广泛使用,然而,在汽车应用材料领域,所使用的高分子材料的气味必须不高于4级,聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金具有较难闻的刺激性气味,很难通过汽车零部件所要求的气味性测试,因而限制了其在汽车应用材料领域的应用。
为了解决这个问题,很多材料生产厂家在材料制备之前将所挤出的聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金粒子放入烘箱中,在80-120℃进行处理,使合金中的小分子气体逐渐挥发出来,最终得到低气味材料;然而,这种方法较费时、耗电,成本高,一次处理最少需要1-2天时间。为了改进上述材料效果,一些生产商使用真空烘箱加快进程,原理同样是使合金中产生的小分子快速挥发出来;然而,真空烘箱相对普通烘箱来说,容积减小,成本增加,还需要配备真空泵,同样难以提高生产效率。
发明内容
为了改善聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金材料的气味,本发明的目的是提供一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,该制备方法在材料加工过程中有效地将材料产生的气味减弱,提高该材料的生产效率和市场竞争力。
为达到上述目的,本发明的一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,其特征是:包括如下步骤:
(1)将聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯按照合金材料要求的比例按次序加入高速混合机内充分搅拌混匀,再将混合物料经计量秤从双螺杆挤出机的主喂料口加入;
(2)将助剂从双螺杆挤出机的侧喂料口加入,加入比例为聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯加入总量的0.5-5%;
(3)上述物料在双螺杆挤出机的螺杆剪切和混炼下,物料熔化、复合、再经挤出、拉条、冷却、切粒得低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金。
所述的助剂为毕克公司的BYK-P 4200、去离子水或BYK-P 4200水溶液。
双螺杆挤出机侧喂料口分为固体喂料入口和液体喂料泵,可以往挤出机中加入固体或液体,侧喂料机的最小喂料精度不能高于10克/分钟。
所述的双螺杆挤出机螺杆长径比为40,前端温度设定为270℃,中段温度设定为280℃,机头挤出温度为285℃,转速为300rpm;双螺杆挤出机配备真空排气设备,其工作时真空度为80-100mbar。
本发明的创新在于将蒸汽洗衣的原理引入到高分子材料的加工工艺中,在高温熔化加工的过程中,加入到合金材料中的助剂水溶液或去离子水相变为蒸气,合金中的各大小分子在分子极性吸引下,气体小分子聚集在助剂水溶液蒸汽或水蒸气中,随后,具有气味的小分子物质同水蒸汽分子一起通过真空排气设备排出,从而所制备的合金材料的气味性大大减弱。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明所得低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金材料中的小分子易挥发物质较少,合金材料的气味较低,该合金材料的制备方法在材料加工过程中可有效地将材料产生的气味减弱,提高材料的生产效率和市场竞争力,满足了汽车用材料的标准和要求,具有显著的工业应用价值。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,所列实施例仅对本发明予以进一步的说明,并不因此而限制本发明。
一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,具有如下步骤:
(1)将聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯按照合金要求的比例按次序加入高速混合机内充分搅拌混匀,将上述物料经计量秤从双螺杆挤出机的主喂料口加入;
(2)将助剂从双螺杆挤出机的侧喂料口加入,加入比例为聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯加入总量的0.5-5%;
(3)上述物料在双螺杆挤出机的螺杆剪切和混炼下,物料熔化、复合、再经挤出、拉条、冷却、切粒得低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金。
双螺杆挤出机螺杆长径比为40,前端温度设定为270℃,中段温度设定为280℃,机头挤出温度为285℃,转速为300rpm;真空排气设备真空度为90mbar。
实施例1-6中各组分的比例(%)见表1。
表1
将上述各实施例所得材料样品按照ASTM标准注塑成标准力学性能测试样条,气味性测试按照汽车行业的要求进行测试,测试结果共分六个等级,(等级6,不能忍受的气味;等级5,有强烈刺激性气味;等级4,有轻微刺激性气味;等级3,有明显气味,但无刺激性气体;等级2,有轻微气味,但无刺激性气体;等级1,感觉不到气味。)具体测试采取5个独立检测员的检验结果的平均值,实施例试样性能测试数据见表2。
表2
上述实施例和对比例相比,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度相当,说明在对比例的基础上添加本发明的去味助剂,对材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度没有影响;实施例中,添加助剂、去离子水和助剂水溶液相比,所得合金材料的气味性都有一定的减弱,添加助剂水溶液对于去除合金材料的气味最有效;由实施例1和2可知,添加助剂和添加去离子水对于去除合金材料的气味同样有效。
综上,采用本发明制备的聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金材料中,气味性显著降低,没有刺激性气味,材料的性能没有发生明显变化,能够满足汽车用材料的要求,可以应用于汽车零部件领域。

Claims (3)

1.一种低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下制备步骤:
(1)将聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯按照合金材料要求的比例按次序加入高速混合机内充分搅拌混匀,再将混合物料经计量秤从双螺杆挤出机的主喂料口加入;
(2)将助剂从双螺杆挤出机的侧喂料口加入,加入比例为聚苯醚和聚苯乙烯加入总量的0.5-5%;
(3)上述物料在双螺杆挤出机的螺杆剪切和混炼下,物料熔化、复合、再经挤出、拉条、冷却、切粒得低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金;
所述的助剂为毕克公司的BYK-P4200或BYK-P4200水溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机的侧喂料口分为固体喂料入口和液体喂料泵,侧喂料口的最小喂料精度不能高于10克/分钟。
3.如权利要求1所述的低气味聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯合金的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的双螺杆挤出机螺杆长径比为40,前端温度设定为270℃,中段温度设定为280℃,机头挤出温度为285℃,转速为300rpm;双螺杆挤出机配备真空排气设备,其工作时真空度为80-100mbar。
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