CN102844180A - 多层材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

多层材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102844180A
CN102844180A CN2011800190890A CN201180019089A CN102844180A CN 102844180 A CN102844180 A CN 102844180A CN 2011800190890 A CN2011800190890 A CN 2011800190890A CN 201180019089 A CN201180019089 A CN 201180019089A CN 102844180 A CN102844180 A CN 102844180A
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wooden
layer
multilayer material
metal material
multilayer
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D·马特隆额
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MATTELONE Srl
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Veneer Processing And Manufacture Of Plywood (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

一种多层材料,该多层材料包括多个木质片(14),包括插入两个木质片(14)之间的至少一个金属材料层(11,12)。

Description

多层材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造层压式(laminated type)多层材料的方法,以及使用所述方法制造的多层材料。
本发明能够有利地用于(但不限于)制造各种形式(甚至复杂且奇形怪状以及尺寸有限)的物体,例如家居装饰、房间陈设、小配件、私人饰品或服饰品,例如镜框、表带、手镯或类似物。
背景技术
众所周知,多层材料通过胶合多层或多张不同种类的材料(甚至每一层种类都不同的材料)而使其组装到一起来获得。
例如,已知层压的多层材料是通过将多张非贵重的(non-precious)木质或木质替代材料胶合在一起并在至少一侧上从外部覆盖加强层而制成。
加强层通常由合成树脂或者金属箔制成,这根据需要获得的最终物而选取。
然而,虽然具有由合成树脂制成的加强层的层压的多层材料可以以合理的价格获取,但那些具有由金属制成的加强层的层压的多层材料则要昂贵得多并因此主要用于家具行业,而很少用于礼品行业和杂货(fancy goods)行业,或很少用于私人饰品或小配件。
以本申请人的名义提交的专利NO.IT-B-1370285描述了一种多层材料,该多层材料具有由木材或木质替代物制成的内层和位于一个或多个内层外侧的一个或者两个加强层或覆盖层。外层可以由从例如箱子、罐头或罐等类似物的锡或铝制容器获得的可循环利用的材料(recycled material)制成,或者可以由工业生产材料制成。
文件US-A-5.026.593、GB-A-2.306.389和US-A1-2003/0009976描述了包括交替的金属层和木质层的多层材料的其他实例。
已知的多层材料的一个缺点是,因为所有的层都具有相同的长度,所以它们不容易变形,该变形是为了获得具有所需曲线形状和小尺寸的物体。换句话说,在例如镜框的情况下,多层材料的总厚度的恒定性不允许容易地弯曲和成形操作,以获得具有弯曲和复杂形状的物体。的确,施加在材料上的过度弯曲会引起内层的开裂和/或破损。此外,随着时间的推移,加强层会失去使其粘附于与其连接的内层的附着力:这更可能发生在弯曲区域,此区域集中着最大的力和应力。
本发明的目的是通过简单而经济的方法获得一种层压的多层材料,该多层材料具有永久可变形的加强层,防止材料发生破损或开裂。
申请人设计、测试和实施本发明,以克服现有技术状态的缺点并且获得这些或其它目的和优点。
发明内容
本发明由独立权利要求说明,并且特征在于所述独立权利要求,同时从属权利要求描述了本发明的其它特征或者主要发明思想的变形。
根据上述目的,根据本发明的多层材料包括多个木质片,例如实木(realwood)或木替代(wood substitute)材料,比如栓皮(cork)、木屑或类似物,或者三聚氰胺层压制品(melamine laminate)。
用于本发明的多层材料包括插入两个木质片之间的至少一个金属材料层。
这样,通过将至少一个金属材料层(例如金属箔)插入两个木质片之间,能够增加多层材料自身的整体弹性和可变形性,允许至少将多层材料部分地弯曲并减小破损和/或开裂的可能性。
根据一种变形,所述多层材料包括至少两个金属材料层。第一层插入至少两个木质片之间。第二金属材料层循序插入至少两个木质片之间。
这样,能够进一步增加材料的可变形性,从而能够制造出各种曲线形状的物体。此外,因为所述多层材料具有设置在外侧的至少一个木质片,所以能够使由根据本发明的多层材料制成的物体具有所需的美观的外形。
根据另一种变形,所述多层材料包括至少两个金属层,其中,第一层插入至少两个木质片之间且第二层设置在所述木质片中的一个木质片的外侧。
根据本发明,所述多层材料包括对应于其他外木质片的一个或多个内木质片。至少一个内木质片的厚度逐渐减小,直到该至少一个内木质片在相对于其他可能存在的相邻的内木质片和外木质片的端部上游的位置终止为止,使得所述至少一个内木质片的较短的长度限定了多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
根据一种变形,至少一个金属材料层的厚度逐渐减小,直到该至少一个金属材料层在相对于其他可能存在的相邻的内木质片和外木质片的端部上游的位置终止为止,这样,限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
此外,在本发明的精神中,在多层材料内提供了一个塑料或乙酸酯材料层,该塑料层或乙酸酯材料层的长度比与其相邻的木质片或至少一个金属层的长度短,并且该塑料层或乙酸酯材料层的厚度逐渐减小,直到该塑料层或乙酸酯材料层在与其相邻的木质片或至少一个金属层的端部上游的位置终止为止,从而限定了多层材料的相应的厚度变化。
所述多层材料厚度的可变性限定了抵抗可变形性和可弯性的阻力的局部变化,允许制造不同种类和形状(甚至复杂)的物体,例如文具用品,装物品的容器、名片夹或私人用品,例如镜框,这些物体具有不同或可变厚度的部分,例如,眼镜的镜框就具有厚度可变的部分。
此外,一个或多个木质片厚度的减小促进了多层材料的弯曲,特别是沿所需的曲线走向方向的弯曲。
从生产的角度出发,还以非常简单和经济的方法获得了厚度减小,仅需要准备不同长度的用于插入多层材料中的片。
此外,通过加工多层的内层来减小厚度,从而绝不会影响物体的外部美观。
根据本发明的一些实施方式,所述至少一个金属层通过可循环利用的材料制成的薄箔来限定,该可循环利用的材料来源于锡或铝容器,例如罐或罐体或类似物。
根据本发明的另一种实施方式,所述至少一个金属层由新金属材料制成,该新金属材料来源于工业加工。
根据本发明的一种变形,所述多层材料包括设置在其外表面上的至少一个覆盖片,该覆盖片为由例如乙酸酯材料或类似材料制成的片。这允许限定覆盖片从而赋予它所需的美观的外形:该外形可以是例如彩色的、不透明的或部分透明的。
本发明还涉及一种使用上述多层材料制成的物品,该物品为例如家居装饰、房间陈设、小配件、私人饰品,例如镜框、手镯、表带或类似物。
根据本发明的多层材料的制造方法至少包括以下步骤:
准备多个木质片;
将至少一个金属层插入两个木质片之间;
在相邻的木质片之间和金属层与相邻的木质片之间插入适当的粘合材料;
在木质片和金属材料层上施加适当的压力,从而结合,以获取它们之间的胶合。
根据一种变形,所述方法提供了设置两个所述金属层的步骤,其中,第一层插入至少两个木质片之间且第二层循序插入至少两个木质片之间。
根据另一种变形,所述方法提供了设置两个所述金属层的步骤,其中,第一层插入至少两个木质片之间且第二层设置在所述木质片中的一个木质片的外侧。
本发明设置了相对于其他外木质片的一个或多个内木质片。内木质片中的至少一个木质片的长度比可能存在的相邻的内木质片和外木质片的长度小,以限定多层材料的相应的厚度变化。
根据本发明的一种变形,至少一个金属材料层被制成其长度小于相邻的木质片的长度,以限定多层材料的厚度的相应的变化。
另外,在根据本发明的精神中,在多层材料内提供了一个由塑料或乙酸酯材料制成的层,该层被制成具有相对于木质片或者与该层相邻的至少一个金属层的线性走向更短的线性走向,且该层的厚度逐渐变化,以限定多层材料相应的厚度变化。
根据本发明,所述多层材料的片和层所经历的压力的存在和持续时间与一个或多个参数相关联,例如:单个片和层的厚度、需要获得的多层材料的总厚度、片的成分、所使用的粘合材料的类型。
根据一种变形,所述方法还包括修饰步骤,例如对所述片或外层抛光或涂漆。
在本发明优选的解决方案中,所述金属材料层通过切割和/或压扁合适尺寸的锡或铝容器来直接获得。
在另一种解决方案中,所述金属材料层通过新金属材料的带或卷来获得。
附图说明
从下面参考附图的作为非限制性示例的优选实施方式描述中,本发明的这些和其它特征将变得更为清楚,其中:
图1是根据本发明的多层材料的一部分的立体图;
图2是图1中的多层材料的剖面图;
图3是根据本发明的多层材料形成预定的曲线形状的立体图;以及
图4是图3的俯视图。
具体实施方式
参考附图,标号10表示根据本发明的多层材料,该多层材料包括第一层11和第二层12,第一层11和第二层12均由金属材料制成,例如铝。所述多层材料也包括多个木片14(这里为5个,如图1和图2所示),该多个木片14通过粘合材料15相互粘附。木片14分别包括外片14a和内片14b、114b。第一层11、第二层12和木片14重叠设置并彼此胶合以限定夹层(sandwich)结构。
特别地,第一金属层11和第二金属层12均插入相对的外木片14a和内木片14b之间,使得上述夹层结构具有木制的可见表面。
该金属层设置在多层木片14内允许改善根据本发明的多层材料的可变形性(deformability)和弹性,使得所述多层材料能够经历适当的弯曲过程,以制成具有曲线形状的物体,例如小配件或私人用品。
在一种实施方式中,内木片14b、114b设置成使得它们的纤维或纹理横向于相邻的木片14b、114b的纤维或纹理。
在另一种实施方式中,木片14b、114b设置成使得它们的纤维或纹理大致平行。
根据另一种实施方式,木片14b、114b可以组成片块(block of sheet),在每个片块中,木片14b、114b设置成使它们的纤维或纹理大致平行。然后,将所述块设置成使得各自的木片14b、114b的纤维或纹理横向于相邻的块的木片14b、114b的纤维或纹理。
可以理解的是,根据木质片的种类或其特性,所述木片的纤维或纹理的设置可以与上述方式不同。例如木片14或者木片14形成的块的纤维的相互设置可以根据制造木片14所使用的特殊木头或砍伐的树干而改变。
木片14的厚度在0.4mm到0.6mm之间。一种实施方式提供的厚度大约为0.5mm。木片14的数量和厚度可以根据多层材料10的使用目的而改变。
第一金属层11和第二金属层12的厚度在0.1mm到0.3mm之间。一种实施方式提供的厚度为0.2mm。
在一些实施方式中,第一金属层11和第二金属层12由从例如罐、罐头或类似物的锡和铝制容器获得的可循环利用的材料制成。
在另一种实施方式中,第一金属层11和第二金属层12由工业生产的金属材料的带或卷制成。
粘合材料15用于将木片14彼此胶合在一起,并将木片14与第一金属层11和第二金属层12胶合在一起,粘合材料15可以为任何合适的种类,例如,丙烯酸、尿素(ureic)、聚氨酯(polyurethane)或三聚氰胺(melamine)胶水或类似物。
如图1和图2所示,根据本发明的多层材料10可以制成为大致呈平面的结构,然后经历进一步的加工(例如弯曲),以使多层材料10的一部分形成为中间或最终结构。
实际上,参考图3和图4,多层材料10成形为曲线的预成形件(pre-form)20,在此处情况下,该预成形件20具有限定一副眼镜的形状的横向轮廓,如图3中的虚线所示,其中,各材料层设置成遵循预成形件20自身的曲线走向(curvilinear development)。
之后,会以基本上已知的方法加工预成形件20,从而获得制成一体件(single piece)的最终物体,在此处的情况下是切割预成形件20以限定框架。
在一些实施方式中,预成形件20包括前部22和两个侧部24,前部22对应于所述框架的前片(front piece),两个侧部24关于前部22横向设置且对应于所述框架的臂,并且两个侧部24具有所需的部分弯曲的长度走向。预成形件20还包括对应于所述框架的凸缘(lug)的两个连接部26。
在这里显示的情形中,预成形件20从类似于图1中所示的一块(a blockof)多层材料10开始制造,所述多层材料10形成为具有可变的总厚度。实际上,至少一个或多个内片114b(图4)的长度小于相邻的片14b的长度(即小于所述一块多层材料10的长度L)。此外,在材料10的沿长度方向的端部,木片114b具有锥形,即逐渐变尖或厚度逐渐减小。
锥形限定了相关的片在相邻的片的端部上游的位置终止,以此限定多层材料10的厚度的相应减小。这样允许根据物体的最终形状中所要获得的不同部分和弯曲程度(curvature)来改变多层材料10的厚度。
在图4显示的实施例中,多层材料10包括:5个内木片14b、114b;两个外木片14a;第一金属层11和第二金属层12,该第一金属层11和第二金属层12分别插入外层14a和内层14b、114b之间,如对前部22的放大图中所示,其中,前部22具有更大的厚度。
如相关的放大图中所示,在基本上与连接部26对应的位置上,三个内木片114b的厚度朝它们的端部逐渐减小。
这因此导致多层材料10(即预成形件20)的厚度相应地逐渐减小,并接近侧部24的厚度,在一些优选实施方式中,所述框架的臂从侧部24获得。实际上,如相关的放大图所示,多层材料10的对应于预成形件20的侧部24的部分的厚度小于前部22的厚度,因为侧部24仅包括两个外片14a、两个内片14b以及插入设置的第一金属层11和第二金属层12。
可以理解的是,可以存在更多数量的锥形片以具有与侧部24对应或与较薄部分更一致的单个内片14b或两个以上的内片14b。
在一些实施方式中,所述多层材料可以包括覆盖在其外表面上的一个或两个覆盖片,该覆盖片例如由乙酸酯(acetate)材料或类似物制成。在一种实施方式中,所述乙酸酯片的厚度可以在0.2mm到2mm之间。在另一种实施方式中,所述覆盖片是至少部分透明的。在另一种实施方式中,乙酸酯材料制成的所述片是不透明的。
根据本发明的多层材料10通过下面描述的极其快速而简单的方法制成。
首先,将片14相互叠置,并将第一金属层11和第二金属层12插入片14之间,使得一张木材片14总是朝外设置。根据需要,可以在木片14与第一金属层11和第二金属层12之间设置适量的粘合材料15。
片14的相互布置可以如以上描述来实现,使得相邻的片的纤维或纹理为例如大致平行或横向或根据具有横向纤维的相邻的片形成的块与具有平行的纹理的片形成的块的结合。
用于涂覆在第一金属层11和第二金属层12上的粘合材料15可以与设置在片14之间的粘合材料15相同,或者是不同种类的胶水。
所述夹层结构通过基本常规方式的挤压(例如通过静态类型的液压)经历适当的压力以及所需的一段时间以将片14彼此胶合并将片14与第一金属层11和第二金属层12胶合而获取。
压力的存在和持续时间可以根据不同的因素改变,所述因素为例如:片14和金属层11和12的成分和/或厚度,多层材料10的总厚度“S”和/或使用的胶水的种类。
胶合操作在高温下进行,将夹层结构加热至60℃到70℃的温度,并使其经历大约5到10分钟的压力值为2bar到10bar的压力。
根据一种变形,使用单组分(mono-component)和双组分(bi-component)类型的聚氨酯(polyurethane)粘合材料15,在环境温度(ambient temperature)下施加大约15到45分钟的胶合压力来进行胶合操作。
当聚氨酯粘合材料15组装在夹层结构中时,聚氨酯粘合材料15的使用允许将其自身的弹性传递给片14。实际上,聚氨酯粘合材料15在热胶合阶段穿过片14并允许增加多层材料10的弹性。
此外,与使用乙烯基(vinyl)型胶水时的情况相反,聚氨酯粘合材料15易于发生不可逆的聚合。
最后,由此得到的多层材料10可以经历对外片14a的修饰处理(finishingtreatment),例如涂漆或抛光。

Claims (15)

1.一种多层材料,该多层材料包括多个木质片(14)和插入至少两个所述木质片(14)之间的至少一个金属材料层(11,12),其中,所述木质片(14)包括相对于所述多层材料内的其他外木质片(14a)的一个或多个内片(14b,114b),其特征在于,所述内木质片中的至少一个内木质片(114b)的厚度逐渐减小,直到该内木质片在相对于可能存在的相邻的内木质片和外木质片(14a)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个内木质片(114b)的较短的长度限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层材料,其特征在于,该多层材料包括至少两个所述金属材料层(11,12),其中,第一层(11)插入至少两个木质片(14)之间且第二层(12)循序插入至少两个木质片(14)之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层材料,其特征在于,该多层材料包括至少两个所述金属材料层(11,12),其中,第一层(11)插入至少两个木质片(14)之间且第二层(12)设置在所述木质片(14)中的一个木质片(14)的外侧。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的多层材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)的厚度逐渐减小,直到所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)在至少相对于所述外木质片(14a)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)的较短的长度限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的多层材料,其特征在于,该多层材料包括至少一个由塑料或乙酸酯材料制成的内层,所述内层的厚度逐渐减小,直到所述内层在至少相对于所述外木质片(14a)或与所述内层相邻的至少一个金属层(11,12)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个由塑料或乙酸酯材料制成的内层的较短的长度限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的多层材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)由可循环利用的材料制成,该可循环利用的材料来源于锡或铝容器,例如箱、罐头、罐或者类似物。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任意一项所述的多层材料,其特征在于,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)由新金属材料制成,该新金属材料来源于工业加工,例如工业生产中的金属材料的薄片或卷。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的多层材料,其特征在于,该多层材料包括设置在至少一个外表面上的至少一个覆盖片。
9.一种用权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的多层材料(10)制成的物品,该物品为例如家居装饰、房间陈设、小配件或私人饰品。
10.一种制造包括多个木质片(14)的多层材料(10)的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
放置多个木质片(14);
将至少一个金属材料层(11,12)插入两个木质片(14)之间;
在相邻的木质片(14)之间和所述金属层(11,12)与相邻的木质片(14)之间插入适当的粘合材料(15);
在所述木质片(14)和所述金属材料层(11,12)上施加适当的压力,从而结合以获取它们相互的粘附,其特征在于,放置多个木质片的(14)的步骤提供了所述内木质片(14b,114b)中的至少一个(114b),该至少一个内木质片(114b)的厚度逐渐减小,直到该至少一个内木质片(114b)在相对于相邻的内木质片和外木质片(14a)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个内木质片(114b)的较短的长度限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法提供了放置两个所述金属材料层(11,12)的步骤,其中,第一层(11)插入至少两个木质片(14)之间且第二层(12)循序插入至少两个木质片(14)之间。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法提供了放置两个所述金属材料层(11,12)的步骤,其中,第一层(11)插入至少两个木质片(14)之间且第二层(12)设置在所述木质片(14)中的一个木质片(14)的外侧。
13.根据权利要求10至12中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法使用了至少一个金属材料层(11,12),该金属材料层(11,12)的厚度逐渐减小,直到该金属材料层(11,12)在相对于相邻的内木质片和外木质片(14a)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)的较短的长度限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法使用了至少一个由塑料或乙酸酯材料制成的层,该层的厚度逐渐减小,直到该层在相对于相邻的内木质片和外木质片(14a)的端部的上游位置终止为止,其中,所述至少一个由塑料或乙酸酯材料制成的层限定了所述多层材料的逐渐和相应的总厚度变化。
15.根据权利要求10至14中任意一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述至少一个金属材料层(11,12)通过切割和/或压扁合适尺寸的锡或铝容器来直接获得。
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