CN1028378C - 具有平衡重护挡装置的致冷压缩机 - Google Patents

具有平衡重护挡装置的致冷压缩机 Download PDF

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CN1028378C
CN1028378C CN91105713A CN91105713A CN1028378C CN 1028378 C CN1028378 C CN 1028378C CN 91105713 A CN91105713 A CN 91105713A CN 91105713 A CN91105713 A CN 91105713A CN 1028378 C CN1028378 C CN 1028378C
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rotor
axle
compressor
refrigeration compressor
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詹姆斯·弗兰克林·霍恩
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/06Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents of other than internal-axis type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • F04C29/028Means for improving or restricting lubricant flow
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/02Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
    • F04C18/0207Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
    • F04C18/0215Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00Pumps
    • Y10S417/902Hermetically sealed motor pump unit

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
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Abstract

一种致冷马达压缩机总成具有一个外壳,外壳底部有润滑油槽,驱动轴的下端和相连的转子延伸到油槽中。在驱动轴上安装有护挡件,它留有间距地位于转子下端和相连平衡重的下面。随着转子的转动,位于护挡件和转子之间的润滑油被向外甩过定子的端线圈,由此对之冷却。护挡件用于限制润滑油返回到紧挨转子的下方区域,从而降低作用在马达上的粘性阻力,但同时能允许润滑油充分地循环,以便对定子进行所需的冷却。

Description

本发明一般涉及致冷压缩机,尤其是涉及这样一种压缩机,它带有护挡装置,用于在运转期间降低围绕转子的区域中的润滑油的油面高度。
典型的致冷压缩机在装有驱动轴的壳体的下部或底部具有润滑油槽,其目的是将润滑油从该油槽泵到需要润滑的各个部分。另外润滑油通常还用于带走各个部件的热量。为了保证油槽中含有充足的润滑油,以便对运动部件提供足够的润滑和冷却,并要减小壳体的总高度,有时需要油面高于转子的转动下端。然而,相对于致冷气体具有较高粘度的油会对转子的转动产生一个增大的阻力,从而加大了动力消耗。这个问题对于通常利用一个固定到转子下端的平衡重的涡旋型压缩机来说更加严重。
美国专利第4,895,496公开了一种具有环形护挡件的压缩机,所述护挡件伸到油槽中油面的上方,并通过和驱动轴构成紧配合来围绕着转子的下端,由此借助转子的转动就可降低护挡件区域中的油面高度,这是因为大大地限制了油上升并回流到此区域中。这样,就大大降低了油对转子的阻力以及由此加大的马达的动力消耗。在 一个实施例中,在护挡件中设置了一个防转凸出物;而在另一个实施例中,则允许护挡件绕驱动轴转动,但是由于有润滑油的阻力施加在护挡件上,所以它的转速实质上低于驱动轴。然而,在这两个实施例中,马达的动力消耗被大大地降低了,因此显著地提高了压缩机的工作效率。
尽管上述的护挡件由于基本消除了油对转子的粘性阻力而降低了马达的动力消耗,但同时它也减少了润滑油循环通过定子下端线圈的油量。在一些场合,人们希望在获得较高的工作效率的同时,仍然保证有较多的油流过定子端线圈,以便对之进行冷却。
本发明提供一种具有改进的护挡件的致冷压缩机,它由驱动轴承载并可绕之自由转动。
本发明的上述目的是由下述的一种致冷压缩机实现的,它包括:
一个外壳;
一个位于所述外壳底部用于盛装润滑剂的油槽;
一个位于所述外壳内的压缩机;
一个位于所述外壳内用于驱动所述压缩机的马达,所述马达包括一个具有端线圈的定子和一个固定到一根与所述压缩机驱动连接的轴上的转子,所述转子的下端延伸到所述油槽中润滑剂非工作状态下的正常上液面的下方,所述轴从所述转子的下端向下延伸;
邻近所述转子下端的护挡装置,其中;
所述轴具有一个低于所述转子的槽;并且
所述护挡装置支承在所述轴上,所述护挡装置包括:
一个轴向延伸的圆柱形主体部分,
一个从所述主体部分径向向外延伸的法兰部分。
在所述主体部分上限定多个周向间隔、轴向延伸的弹性指的装置,每个弹性指具有一个径向向内延伸的凸缘部分,所述径向凸缘部分插在所述驱动轴的所述槽中,由此将所述护挡装置就位于所述轴上,
所述护挡装置用于限制润滑剂流到所述转子的转动下端,并促进润滑剂循环穿过所述端线圈,以便在所述压缩机运转时冷却所述端线圈。
从下面结合附图对本发明的详细说明中,将会清楚地看出本发明的其它优点和特征。
图1是涡旋型致冷压缩机的一个剖面图,该压缩机带有一个按照本发明设计的护挡件,它围绕着马达转子的下端,这个剖面是沿着通过驱动轴转动轴线的垂直平面截取的。
图2是图1所示压缩机的部分放大剖面图,表示了本发明的护挡件与驱动轴的安装关系。
图3是本发明的护挡件的底视图。
图4是图3所示护挡件的侧面图。
图5是沿图3所示护挡件的线5-5截取的剖面图。
现在参照附图,特别是图1,所示的压缩机10包括一个大体为圆柱形的密封外壳12,外壳的上端焊有一个端盖14,下端焊有一个底座16,底座上整体成型有多个安装脚(未示出)。端盖14上设有致冷剂排放接头18,该接头中可带有一个常见的排放阀(未示出)。固定到外壳上的其它主要部件包括:一个横向延伸的隔板22,它的周边沿着端盖14与外壳12的同一条焊线焊在外壳12上;一个主轴承箱24,它适当地紧固在外壳12上;一个下部轴承箱26,它具有多条径向延伸的腿,每条腿也适当地紧固到外壳12上。一个具有大体方形横截面且带有圆角的马达定子28压配到外壳12中。定子上圆角之间的平面构成了定子和外壳之间的通道,这有助于润滑油从外壳的顶部流到底部。
一根驱动轴或曲轴30可转动地支承在主轴承箱24内的轴承34和下部轴承箱26内的第二轴承36中,曲轴30的上端有一偏心曲轴销32,其下端有一直径较大的同心孔38,孔38与径向向外倾斜的直径较小的孔40连通,孔40从此向上延伸到曲轴顶。孔38内装有一个搅拌器42。外壳12的下部构成一个油槽43,其内充有润滑油,油面大约到达或略高于转子46的下端,而孔38作为一个泵,将润滑液沿曲轴30向上泵送,送入通道40并最终供到压缩机需要润滑的各个部件。
曲轴30由一个电动马达驱动转动,马达包括定子28、绕过定子的线圈44和一个压配在曲轴30上的转子46,转子带有上部和下部平衡重48和50。
主轴承箱24的上表面有一个平的止推支承面53,其上设置一 个公转涡旋件54,该涡旋件的上表面上具有通常的螺旋叶片或涡卷56。一个圆柱形轮毂从公转涡旋件54的下表面向下伸出,轮毂内具有一个轴颈轴承58,轴承58内可转动地安置一个驱动套筒60。套筒60有一个内孔62,曲轴销32驱动连接在该内孔中。曲轴销32具有一个平表面,它与在孔62一部分上形成的一个平表面(未示出)驱动啮合,以构成一个径向啮合驱动结构(如美国专利第4,877,382号所示,该专利公开的内容作为参考引入本申请)。一个十字联轴节63设置在公转涡旋件54和轴承箱24之间,并和它们用键相连,以防止公转涡旋件54相对于十字联轴节转动。十字联轴节63最好是和本申请同时提交的,发明名称为“涡旋压缩机的十字联轴节”的中国专利申请所公开的型式(此申请也引入本申请作为参考)。
还设置了一个具有涡卷66的非公转涡旋件64,涡卷66与涡旋件54的涡卷56相啮合。非公转涡旋件64具有一条同轴设置的排放通道75,通道75与一个朝上开口的凹槽77连通,而凹槽77又与由端盖14和隔板22限定的一个排气消音室79流体连通。在非公转涡旋件64中还形成有一个凹槽81,其内装有一个密封组件83。凹槽77和81以及密封组件83共同限定轴向压力偏压室,该偏压室接受由涡卷56和66压缩的加压流体,以便向非公转涡旋64件施加一个轴向偏压力,由此迫使相应的涡卷56和66的顶端与相对的端板表面构成密封啮合。密封组件83最好是采用和本申请同时递交的,发明名称为“带有浮动密封的涡旋机器”的中国专利申请所公开的那种型式(该申请也引入本申请作为参考)。涡旋件64应以一种适当的方式安装到轴承箱24上,这种方式可以是美国专利第4,877,382号 公开的方式,或者是和本申请同时提交的,发明名称为“涡旋机器的非公转涡旋件的安装结构”的中国专利申请所公开的方式(后一申请也引入本申请作为参考)。
还提供了一种安装在驱动轴30上的改进的平衡重护挡件84。如从图2至图5所清楚看到的那样,平衡重护挡件84包括一个圆形的法兰部分86,它从圆柱形轴向延伸的主体88的上端附近径向向外延伸。主体88有一个轴向通孔89,轴30穿过此通孔。主体88的下部由多个轴向槽90分隔成多个交错等距布置的区段92和94。区段92的周边长明显地大于区段94的宽度。加强肋96从每个区段92径向向外延伸到法兰86,用于支承和加固法兰部分86和区段92。每个区段94包括一个从其下端径向向内伸入孔89的较短的凸缘部分98。凸缘部分98设计成插到驱动轴30上的环形槽100中,环形槽位于转子46和下部轴承箱26之间,以便将护挡件84轴向支承并定位于驱动轴30上。
最好采用注模或类似工艺用适宜的聚合物制成单件式的护挡件84。不过也可以使用其它适用的材料,但要求这些材料最好具有较高的绝缘强度,因为它们靠近马达的通电线圈。如图所示,孔89的尺寸加工成和轴30保持有轻微的间隙。类似地,将凸缘部分98的尺寸加工成可松动地插配到环形槽100中。由于区段(或称弹性指)94的弹性,只要将平衡重护挡件从轴30的下端滑到轴30上,让凸缘部分98卡入槽100中保持就位,就可容易地将护挡件安装到曲轴30上。槽100的位置最好能使平衡重护挡件84的法兰部分86贴近转子46和相连平衡重50的下端(但仍有间隙)。另外,法兰部分86的 半径最好大到足以使它超出平衡重50和(或)转子46的外边缘,但仍要和定子28的下端线圈44保持间隔状态。应该注意,主体88的轴向长度要长到能给法兰部分86提供足够的支承,以防止其倾斜或摇摆。
在工作中,随着曲轴30的转动,转子46和相连的平衡重将使位于平衡重护挡件84和转子46之间区域内的油开始径向向外地甩过定子线圈44,从而部分地降低了这一区域中的油面高度。由于护挡件84可相对于轴30自由转动,它的运动还将有助于部分地抽空这个区域,然而可以理解,由于护挡件下面油的粘性阻力和它松装在轴30上,护挡件的转速将低于轴30。由于油向外甩过定子线圈44,油槽43中的油头压力将使油围绕着护挡件84的外周边向上循环,然后油被径向向外驱动,穿过端线圈44。以这种方式,连续的油流将循环穿过端线圈44,由此增强对端线圈的冷却。然而,由于护挡件84的法兰86起到了限制油流入转子46的下端和相连的平衡重50旋转的区域的作用,所以由此产生的粘性阻力被大大地降低了。在实际运转中,人们已经发现,与使用美国专利第4,895,496号公开的平衡重护挡件相比,采用平衡重护挡件84明显增加了对定子端线圈44的冷却作用,而不会明显地降低压缩机的总效率。应该懂得,尽管上面公开的平衡重护挡件84用于涡旋型致冷压缩机,但它能同样适用于其它类型的压缩机。
虽然上面公开的本发明的最佳实施例能提供前述的优点和特性,但显然本发明还可以被修改、变型和改换,而不会超出本发明的范围。

Claims (8)

1、一种致冷压缩机,包括:
一个外壳;
一个位于所述外壳底部用于盛装润滑剂的油槽;
一个位于所述外壳内的压缩机;
一个位于所述外壳内用于驱动所述压缩机的马达,所述马达包括一个具有端线圈的定子和一个固定到一根与所述压缩机驱动连接的轴上的转子,所述转子的下端延伸到所述油槽中润滑剂非工作状态下的正常上液面的下方,所述轴从所述转子的下端向下延伸;
邻近所述转子下端的护挡装置,其特征在于,所述轴包括一个低于所述转子的槽;并且
所述护挡装置支承在所述轴上,所述护挡装置包括:
一个轴向延伸的圆柱形主体部分,
一个从所述主体部分径向向外延伸的法兰部分,
在所述主体部分上限定多个周向间隔、轴向延伸的弹性指的装置,每个弹性指具有一个径向向内延伸的凸缘部分,所述径向凸缘部分插在所述驱动轴的所述槽中,由此将所述护挡装置就位于所述轴上,
所述护挡装置用于限制润滑剂流到所述转子的转动下端,并促进润滑剂循环穿过所述端线圈,以便在所述压缩机运转时冷却所述端线圈。
2、根据权利要求1的致冷压缩机,其特征在,多个轴向延伸的区段位于所述弹性指之间,所述区段有助于所述主体部分将所述法兰部分支承在与所述轴垂直的平面上。
3、根据权利要求2的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,加强肋部分在所述径向法兰和所述区段之间延伸,所述加强肋部分用于加固所述法兰部分和所述区段。
4、根据权利要求3的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,所述限定所述弹性指和所述区段的装置包括多个位于所述主体部分上的周向间隔的轴向延伸槽。
5、根据权利要求4的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,所述轴向延伸槽从所述法兰部分轴向延伸到所述主体部分的下端。
6、根据权利要求1的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,所述法兰部分位于所述主体部分的两端之间。
7、根据权利要求1的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,所述槽位于所述轴的这样一个位置上,使得能将所述法兰部分支承在轴向比较靠近所述转子下端的位置。
8、根据权利要求1的致冷压缩机,其特征在于,所述槽是环形的。
CN91105713A 1990-10-01 1991-08-16 具有平衡重护挡装置的致冷压缩机 Expired - Lifetime CN1028378C (zh)

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US07/591,442 US5064356A (en) 1990-10-01 1990-10-01 Counterweight shield for refrigeration compressor
US591,442 1990-10-01

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EP0479413B1 (en) 1995-01-04
EP0479413A1 (en) 1992-04-08
DE69106471D1 (de) 1995-02-16
JPH04234595A (ja) 1992-08-24
CN1060514A (zh) 1992-04-22
KR100186868B1 (ko) 1999-05-01
US5064356A (en) 1991-11-12
BR9103449A (pt) 1992-05-05
DE69106471T2 (de) 1995-05-11
KR920008351A (ko) 1992-05-27
JP2931457B2 (ja) 1999-08-09
MX9100901A (es) 1992-06-05

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