CN102805350A - Method for preparing dietary fibers from wastes and byproducts generated in tangerine processing - Google Patents
Method for preparing dietary fibers from wastes and byproducts generated in tangerine processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing dietary fibers from wastes and byproducts generated in tangerine processing, and belongs to the technical field of production methods for dietary fibers. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) pretreating the wastes and the byproducts generated in tangerine processing; 2) pretreating tangerine fruit peels; 3) performing enzymolysis; 4) squeezing and filtering; 5) drying and crushing; 6) extruding, modifying and activating; and 7) performing superfine grinding at low temperature. The method is simple, convenient to operate, low in production cost and stable in quality of products and is suitable for industrial production, and the water retention property and expansibility of the tangerine dietary fibers are superior to those of the ordinary dietary fiber products; by adding natural fruit and vegetable ferment powder and five-cereal ferment powder which have special nutrients, dietary fibers from wastes and byproducts generated in tangerine processing have the effects of improving the immunity of a human body, activating cells, promoting metabolism and the like, and can be used as a replenisher of the dietary fibers, functional foods and the like, so that the economic value of tangerines is improved, and the comprehensive utilization of tangerine resources is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dietary fiber production method, be specifically related to a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber.
Background technology
Dietary fiber mainly is to be called as " the seventh-largest nutrient " by the polysaccharide compound and the lignin of human consumption absorption.Research shows that dietary fiber has very important physiological function to health.Dietary fiber is by its water-soluble soluble dietary fiber (Soluble dietary fiber that is divided into; SDF) and insoluble diedairy fiber (Insoluble dietary fiber; IDF), SDF has the human serum of reduction cholesterol, prevents effects such as gall stone, diabetes, hypertension and heart disease; IDF is then to preventing that obesity, constipation, intestinal cancer etc. have good effect.
Citrus Rutaceae oranges and tangerines subfamily plant.Oranges and tangerines are of high nutritive value, and not only contain organic type of nutritional labelings such as protein, fat, malic acid, citric acid, glucose, fructose, niacin, vitamin B6, B2, also contain mineral matters such as calcium, iron.The vitamin C that it contains is 7 times of apple, and 10 times of pears are the best Vc sources of human body.Oranges and tangerines contain mineral matter, can regulate the osmotic pressure and the hyperfunction ability of cell, strong bone, tooth, and the neuroprotective tissue, and can play the effect of regulating acid-base balance in the human body.Citrus not only can reduce the cholesterol of thrombus in arteries, also helps to alleviate at blood vessel to form bur and other phat fats, often drinks orange blossom and can prevent diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, miocardial infarction.
Oranges and tangerines also have very high medical value.Oranges and tangerines have had the history in thousands of years as the Chinese medicine medication, and the skin of oranges and tangerines, meat, network, nuclear and leaf etc. all are famous Chinese medicine.Orange peel have be good for the stomach, eliminate the phlegm, effect such as antibechic, can treat diseases such as poor appetite, indigestion, can prevent human primary gastrointestinal cancers.Tangerine pith has vein relaxing effect such as regulate the flow of vital energy, reduce phlegm, and tangerine seed is regulated the flow of vital energy, dissipating bind, straight-through function, and effects such as the tangerine leaf has the combing irritability, reduces phlegm, detumescence are to be precious all over the body, and the medicine-food two-purpose effect is good.
Oranges and tangerines tradition product processed mainly is tangerine lobe can, orange blossom and oranges and tangerines sugar prod (jam, jelly, preserved fruit etc.); And do not utilize the medical value of oranges and tangerines in the existing oranges and tangerines process all sidedly; Process often uses additive to increase the stability of product; Produce the skin slag of about 40%-50%, the contained nutritional labeling of skin slag, functional components rich.At present, China processing fruits enterprise pays little attention to the recycling of pericarp, and traditional processing industry is that these skin slags are carried out landfill or are processed into feed mostly, and this not only causes the wasting of resources, and environment is also had certain pollution.How to adopt new production method that oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance are prepared dietary fiber; Both can be used as good food additives, and can be used as end product again, directly bath is edible; Not only further increase the added value of oranges and tangerines; But also help environmental protection, and promoting to have high economic benefit and social benefit aspect the increasing peasant income, market prospects are wide.
Summary of the invention
To the problem that prior art exists, the objective of the invention is to design the preparation method's that a kind of oranges and tangerines of suitable industrialized production dietary fiber is provided technical scheme.This preparation method's step is simple, easy to operate, and production cost is low; Constant product quality; Be easy to realize suitability for industrialized production, and the retentiveness of the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that obtains and expansive force significantly are superior to the full diet fiber product, the natural fruit and vegetables ferment powder with special dietary of interpolation, five cereals ferment powder; Has function such as improve body immunity, activating cell, enhance metabolism; Can be used as dietary fiber replenishers, functional food etc., improved the economic worth of oranges and tangerines, realize the comprehensive utilization of oranges and tangerines resource.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
1) oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance preliminary treatment: reclaim the orange peel, orange skin residue, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and the oranges and tangerines gizzard that produce in the oranges and tangerines process and separate, clean and drying;
2) orange peel preliminary treatment: the orange peel that step 1) is obtained carries out successively that sodium-chloride water solution boils, clear water rinsing and draining, and carries out aqueous citric acid solution then successively and boils and drain;
3) one or more materials in the orange skin residue that the orange peel that enzymolysis: get step 2) obtains, step 1) obtain, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and the oranges and tangerines gizzard, the complex enzyme that adds glusulase, pectase and cellulase or cellulase and amylase, protease then carries out enzymolysis;
4) squeeze and filter: the enzymolysis material that step 3) is obtained carries out squeeze and filter, and filter residue is subsequent use;
5) drying and crushing: the filter residue that step 4) is obtained dry to moisture be till 10～20%, and be crushed to 60～100 order particles;
6) extrusion modification activation: the material that step 5) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder and pushes;
7) low temperature ultramicro grinding: the material that step 6) is obtained is crushed to 10～25 μ m, promptly obtains the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that described step 2) in orange peel in mass concentration is 1～5% sodium-chloride water solution, boil 5～20min; Orange peel boils 5～15min in mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% aqueous citric acid solution.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that enzymatic hydrolysis condition is in the described step 3): 35～55 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 4.0～6.0, enzymolysis time 1.5～3 hours.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that the enzyme addition is 0.008～0.05% of a material total amount in the described step 3).
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that the weight ratio of pectase and cellulase is 1～3:1 in the described step 3).
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that in the described step 4) pressafiner 50～60 ℃ of squeezings, shaft rotating speed 20～30r/min.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that baking temperature is 50～70 ℃ in the described step 5).
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber; It is characterized in that extruding condition is in the described step 6): control feed material moisture is 10～20%; Extrusion temperature is 130～160 ℃, and pressure is 4.0～6.5 Mpa.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step 7) obtains, adding: by one or more raw materials in beta-schardinger dextrin-0～10%, honey 0～5%, compound sugar 0～10%, konjaku flour 0～10%, pectase powder 0～10%, five cereals ferment powder 0～10%, lotus-seed-heart powder 0～10%, vitamin 0～0.5% and the trace element 0～0.5% of oranges and tangerines dietary fiber weight.
Described a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step 7) obtains, adding: by one or more raw materials in beta-schardinger dextrin-0.5～5%, honey 0.5～2%, compound sugar 0.5～5%, konjaku flour 0.5～5%, pectase powder 0.5～5%, five cereals ferment powder 0.5～5%, lotus-seed-heart powder 0.5～5%, vitamin 0.05～0.2% and the trace element 0.05～0.2% of oranges and tangerines dietary fiber weight.
Pectase powder among the present invention is an existing product, can also can be the greengrocery ferment powder for the fruits ferment powder; The five cereals ferment powder is an existing product among the present invention; Vitamin is the human body desired microorganisms among the present invention; Trace element among the present invention is the needed by human body trace element.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention has adopted the extruding activating technology; The high temperature that in extrusion process, is produced, high pressure energy make the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber reach sterilization effect in short-term; Simultaneously, the high temperature of tight-face blasting, high pressure and high shear forces have improved the content of soluble dietary fiber.
(2) through method of the present invention, can obtain the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that productive rate is higher, quality is better and safe, productive rate can reach 80～90%.
(3) the present invention is simple, convenient, and production cost is low, and constant product quality is easy to realize suitability for industrialized production.
(4) the present invention is a raw material with a large amount of discarded objects, the accessory substance that oranges and tangerines processing produces, and solves not only that the oranges and tangerines discarded object is piled up and the environmental problem that causes, and improves the economic worth of oranges and tangerines, realizes the comprehensive utilization of oranges and tangerines resource.
The specific embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance preliminary treatment: reclaim oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance, orange peel is cleaned, oven dry.
(2) orange peel preliminary treatment: the orange peel that step (1) is obtained boils 5 min in the concentration 5% NaCl aqueous solution; Pick up the back and in circulating water, carry out rinsing 20 min; Pick up and drain, in concentration 0.25% aqueous citric acid solution, boil 15 min then, pick up and drain.
(3) enzymolysis: in the orange peel that above-mentioned steps (2) obtains, add pectase and cellulase, add 120 g pectases and 80 g cellulases in the orange peel per ton or add the 200g glusulase, at 45 ℃ of temperature, 5.0 times enzymolysis 1.5h of pH value, enzyme goes out behind the enzymolysis.
(4) squeeze and filter: the wet citrus peel slag behind enzymolysis that step (3) is obtained squeezes under the shaft rotating speed 25r/min in 55 ℃ of temperature of pressafiner, and filter residue is subsequent use.
(5) drying and crushing: the filter residue that step (4) is obtained is in 70 ℃ of oven dry of temperature, dry to moisture till 10%, and be crushed to 60 order granular sizes.
(6) extrusion modification activation: the oranges and tangerines skin particle that step (5) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder, and control oranges and tangerines skin pellet moisture content is 10% during pan feeding, and extrusion temperature is 130 ℃, squeeze pressure 4.0 MPa.
(7) low temperature ultramicro grinding powder: the oranges and tangerines material that step (6) is obtained adopts pulverizer to pulverize, to the material particles size at 25 μ m.
(8) composite: add accounting for oranges and tangerines total dietary fiber 5% beta-schardinger dextrin-, 5% honey and 5% compound sugar in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step (7) obtains, vacuum packaging obtains the oranges and tangerines diet fiber product.
Embodiment 2
(1) preliminary treatment such as oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance: reclaim oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance, orange peel, orange skin residue, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and oranges and tangerines gizzard are separated, clean, drain.
(2) enzymolysis: in orange skin residue, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and one or more mixed materials of oranges and tangerines gizzard that above-mentioned steps (1) obtains, add pectase and cellulase; Add 50g pectase and 50g cellulase in the material per ton or add cellulase and diastatic complex enzyme 100g; 35 ℃ of temperature; 4.0 times enzymolysis 3h of pH value, enzyme goes out behind the enzymolysis.
(3) squeeze and filter: the material behind enzymolysis that step (2) is obtained squeezes under the shaft rotating speed 30r/min in 50 ℃ of temperature of pressafiner, and filter residue is subsequent use.
(4) drying and crushing: with 50 ℃ of oven dry of filter residue that step (3) obtains, dry to moisture till 20%, and be crushed to 80 order granular sizes.
(5) extrusion modification activation: the orange skin particle that step (4) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder, and control oranges and tangerines skin pellet moisture content is 20% during pan feeding, and extrusion temperature is 160 ℃, squeeze pressure 6.5 MPa.
(6) low temperature ultramicro grinding powder: the oranges and tangerines material that step (5) is obtained adopts pulverizer to pulverize, to the material particles size at 10 μ m, vacuum packaging obtains the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber.
(7) composite: as to add the beta-schardinger dextrin-account for oranges and tangerines total dietary fiber 10%, 5% honey, 10% compound sugar, 10% konjaku flour, 10% pectase powder, 10% five cereals ferment powder, 10% lotus-seed-heart powder, 0.5% vitamin and 0.5% trace element in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step (7) obtains; Vacuum packaging obtains the oranges and tangerines diet fiber product.
Embodiment 3
(1) preliminary treatment such as oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance: reclaim oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance,, clean, drain or dry with separation such as orange peel, orange skin residue, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith, oranges and tangerines gizzard residues.
(2) orange peel preliminary treatment: the orange peel that step (1) is obtained boils 20 min in the 1% NaCl aqueous solution, picks up the back and in circulating water, carries out rinsing 20 min, picks up to drain, and in 0.2 % aqueous citric acid solution, boils 5 min then, picks up to drain.
(3) enzymolysis: the orange skin residue that the orange peel that step (2) is obtained and step (1) obtain, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith, oranges and tangerines gizzard residue etc. mix by 1:1:1:1; Add glusulase and cellulase then; Add 120 g glusulases and 120 g cellulases in the material per ton; 55 ℃ of temperature, 6.0 times enzymolysis 2.5h of pH value, enzyme goes out behind the enzymolysis.
(4) squeeze and filter: the material behind enzymolysis that step (3) is obtained squeezes under the shaft rotating speed 20r/min in 60 ℃ of temperature of pressafiner, and filter residue is subsequent use.
(5) drying and crushing: the filter residue that step (4) is obtained is in 60 ℃ of oven dry of temperature, dry to moisture till 20%, and be crushed to 100 order granular sizes.
(6) extrusion modification activation: the material that step (5) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder, and the control moisture content of material is 20%, and extrusion temperature is 150 ℃, pressure 5.0MPa.
(7) low temperature ultramicro grinding powder: the oranges and tangerines material that step (6) is obtained adopts pulverizer to pulverize, to the material particles size at 20 μ m, obtain the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber.
(8) composite: add honey 2%, compound sugar 1%, pectase powder 2.5%, lotus-seed-heart powder 1% in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step (7) obtains, vacuum packaging obtains the oranges and tangerines diet fiber product.
Embodiment 4
(1) preliminary treatment such as oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance: reclaim oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance, get orange peel and clean, drain or dry.
(2) orange peel preliminary treatment: the orange peel that step (1) is obtained boils 10 min in the 2% NaCl aqueous solution, picks up the back and in circulating water, carries out rinsing 20 min, picks up to drain, and in 0.3 % aqueous citric acid solution, boils 10min then, picks up to drain.
(3) enzymolysis: add glusulase and cellulase in the orange peel that step (2) is obtained, add 60g glusulase and 20g cellulase in the orange peel per ton, 40 ℃ of temperature, 5.5 times enzymolysis 2h of pH value, enzyme goes out behind the enzymolysis.
(4) squeeze and filter: the wet citrus peel slag behind enzymolysis that step (3) is obtained squeezes under the shaft rotating speed 26r/min in 58 ℃ of temperature of pressafiner, and filter residue is subsequent use.
(5) drying and crushing: the filter residue that step (4) is obtained is in 55 ℃ of oven dry of temperature, dry to moisture till 10%, and be crushed to 70 order granular sizes.
(6) extrusion modification activation: the material that step (5) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder, and the control moisture content of material is 10%, and extrusion temperature is 140 ℃, pressure 5.5MPa.
(7) low temperature ultramicro grinding powder: the oranges and tangerines material that step (6) is obtained adopts pulverizer to pulverize, to the material particles size at 30 μ m, obtain the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber.
(8) composite: add pectase powder 1%, five cereals ferment powder 2%, lotus-seed-heart powder 3% in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step (7) obtains, vacuum packaging obtains the oranges and tangerines diet fiber product.
Claims (10)
1. method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
1) oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance preliminary treatment: reclaim the orange peel, orange skin residue, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and the oranges and tangerines gizzard that produce in the oranges and tangerines process and separate, clean and drying;
2) orange peel preliminary treatment: the orange peel that step 1) is obtained carries out successively that sodium-chloride water solution boils, clear water rinsing and draining, and carries out aqueous citric acid solution then successively and boils and drain;
3) one or more materials in the orange skin residue that the orange peel that enzymolysis: get step 2) obtains, step 1) obtain, oranges and tangerines tangerine pith and the oranges and tangerines gizzard, the complex enzyme that adds glusulase, pectase and cellulase or cellulase and amylase, protease then carries out enzymolysis;
4) squeeze and filter: the enzymolysis material that step 3) is obtained carries out squeeze and filter, and filter residue is subsequent use;
5) drying and crushing: the filter residue that step 4) is obtained dry to moisture be till 10～20%, and be crushed to 60～100 order particles;
6) extrusion modification activation: the material that step 5) is obtained drops in the twin (double) screw extruder and pushes;
7) low temperature ultramicro grinding: the material that step 6) is obtained is crushed to 10～25 μ m, promptly obtains the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber.
2. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described step 2) in orange peel in mass concentration is 1～5% sodium-chloride water solution, boil 5～20min; Orange peel boils 5～15min in mass concentration is 0.2～0.3% aqueous citric acid solution.
3. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that enzymatic hydrolysis condition is in the described step 3): 35～55 ℃ of hydrolysis temperatures, pH value 4.0～6.0, enzymolysis time 1.5～3 hours.
4. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the enzyme addition is 0.008～0.05% of a material total amount in the described step 3).
5. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the weight ratio of pectase and cellulase is 1～3:1 in the described step 3).
6. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the described step 4) pressafiner 50～60 ℃ of squeezings, shaft rotating speed 20～30r/min.
7. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that baking temperature is 50～70 ℃ in the described step 5).
8. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that extruding condition is in the described step 6): control feed material moisture is 10～20%; Extrusion temperature is 130～160 ℃, and pressure is 4.0～6.5 Mpa.
9. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step 7) obtains, adding: by one or more raw materials in beta-schardinger dextrin-0～10%, honey 0～5%, compound sugar 0～10%, konjaku flour 0～10%, pectase powder 0～10%, five cereals ferment powder 0～10%, lotus-seed-heart powder 0～10%, vitamin 0～0.5% and the trace element 0～0.5% of oranges and tangerines dietary fiber weight.
10. a kind of method of utilizing oranges and tangerines processing waste, accessory substance to prepare dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that in the oranges and tangerines dietary fiber that step 7) obtains, adding: by one or more raw materials in beta-schardinger dextrin-0.5～5%, honey 0.5～2%, compound sugar 0.5～5%, konjaku flour 0.5～5%, pectase powder 0.5～5%, five cereals ferment powder 0.5～5%, lotus-seed-heart powder 0.5～5%, vitamin 0.05～0.2% and the trace element 0.05～0.2% of oranges and tangerines dietary fiber weight.
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