CN102803703A - 由燃料润滑的泵和使用该泵的共轨燃料系统 - Google Patents
由燃料润滑的泵和使用该泵的共轨燃料系统 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
- F02M59/10—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
- F02M59/102—Mechanical drive, e.g. tappets or cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
- F02M59/04—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps
- F02M59/06—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by special arrangement of cylinders with respect to piston-driving shaft, e.g. arranged parallel to that shaft or swash-plate type pumps with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V or star arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/0001—Fuel-injection apparatus with specially arranged lubricating system, e.g. by fuel oil
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
- F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
用于压燃式发动机的燃料系统（10）的操作方法包括向由燃料润滑的泵（16）的入口（31）供给可为混合物的一部分的生物燃料。泵（16）的至少一个轴承（47）由生物燃料润滑。由燃料润滑的泵（16）向共轨（14）供给高压燃料。多个燃料喷射器（12）与共轨（14）流体连接，并且均包括用于向发动机的燃烧空间内喷射生物燃料的至少一个喷嘴孔（39）。通过在由燃料润滑的泵（16）的轴承（47）中采用亚稳青铜合金来至少部分限制喷嘴孔结焦。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及用于共轨燃料系统的高压的由燃料润滑的泵，更具体地涉及一种减少喷嘴出口由于燃料变质而结焦的方法。
背景技术
喷嘴结焦在用于压燃式发动机的燃料喷射系统的上下文中指的是燃料喷射器的喷嘴出口中积聚固体。喷嘴出口结焦会减小通过给定喷嘴孔的流动面积，并因此改变待输送到给定的发动机气缸的预期燃料量。在极端情形中，喷嘴结焦可彻底堵塞喷嘴出口，从而使发动机燃料供给问题更加复杂。虽然喷嘴出口结焦不是新问题，但与潜在的喷嘴结焦相关的问题已随着诸如生物燃料之类的非基于石油的燃料的使用已变得更加普遍而变得更加不确定。例如，SAE Technical Paper Series 2007-01-0073认为生物燃料与诸如铜之类的特定金属的相互作用可加速燃料变质。
本发明针对上述问题中的一个或多个问题。
发明内容
在一方面，一种燃料系统的操作方法包括向由燃料润滑的泵的入口供给生物燃料。泵的至少一个轴承由生物燃料润滑。生物燃料从泵朝燃料喷射器移动，然后从燃料喷射器的喷嘴孔喷射。通过在泵轴承中采用亚稳（spinodal）青铜合金来至少部分地限制喷嘴孔结焦。
在另一方面，一种由燃料润滑的泵，包括定位在限定一入口的泵壳体中的至少一个可动构件。该至少一个可动构件由定位成与进入燃料入口的燃料接触的至少一个轴承支承。通过在轴承中采用亚稳青铜合金来限制生物燃料与轴承之间的化学相互作用。
在又一方面，一种燃料系统包括具有与生物燃料流体连接的入口的由燃料润滑的泵。该泵包括与移动通过泵的生物燃料接触的至少一个轴承。共轨具有与由燃料润滑的泵的出口流体连接的入口。多个燃料喷射器与共轨的相应出口流体连接。在泵的轴承中采用亚稳青铜合金作为可借以限制喷嘴孔结焦的手段。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开内容的一方面的燃料系统的示意图；
图2是穿过图1所示的燃料系统的由燃料润滑的泵的剖面侧视图；以及
图3是图1的燃料系统的由燃料润滑的泵的分解视图。
具体实施方式
现在参见图1，共轨燃料系统10包括与共轨14流体连接的多个燃料喷射器12。具体地，共轨14包括有利于经由各个分支通路36与各个燃料喷射器12流体连接的多个出口34。各燃料喷射器12包括可定位成用于向压燃式发动机（未示出）的燃烧空间内直接喷射的一个或多个喷嘴出口孔39。共轨14的入口33与高压的由燃料润滑的泵16的出口32流体连接。燃料输送泵20具有经由供给通路30与燃料源18流体连接的入口。燃料输送泵20推动燃料通过其通往高压的由燃料润滑的泵16的入口31的路线上的过滤器22。经由电子控制器24来控制燃料系统10的操作，所述电子控制器经由通信线25与泵16控制通信，并经由通信线26来控制燃料喷射器12，仅示出通信线中的一个。燃料源18可包含用于在压燃式发动机中燃烧的任何合适的燃料，包括但不限于基于石油的蒸馏柴油燃料和/或生物燃料。术语“生物燃料”指的是具有来源于不同于石油的物质的燃料。例如，生物燃料通常基于植物产品、动物脂肪和废油脂。在实践中，可以预期向燃料喷射器供给生物燃料，该生物燃料仅为主要为蒸馏柴油燃料的混合物的少数成分。
现在参见图2和3，高压的由燃料润滑的泵16可包括可由发动机直接驱动的凸轮轴41。至少一个凸轮42安装在凸轮轴41上或作为凸轮轴41的一部分形成，所述凸轮旋转以使相应的泵柱塞43以公知方式往复移动。随着各泵柱塞43朝凸轮轴41的中心往复移动，新鲜燃料经相应的入口止回阀44被吸入泵送腔室内。当柱塞43由于凸轮凸角与泵柱塞43相互作用而被驱动离开凸轮轴41的中心时，加压燃料以公知方式被推动通过出口止回阀5。凸轮轴41由在图3的分解视图中最清楚地示出的轴承42支承以便旋转。在图示的泵中，轴承47起到支承凸轮环49的套管作用。泵16还包括入口节流阀48，入口节流阀48充当可控制从泵的输出的装置。换言之，通过在入口限制燃料供给，可控制从泵16的输出，并因此以众所周知的方式控制共轨14中的压力。
由于各种各样的原因，工程师倾向于在图1-3所示类型的由燃料润滑的泵的轴承构件中使用基于铜的合金。然而，本发明认识到，随着生物燃料越来越普遍的使用，存在燃料由于与特定金属的化学相互作用而变质的风险。就与铜接触并化学地相互作用的燃料的变质而言，铜可能是情况最不好的一者。由于生物燃料与铜之间的化学相互作用而引起的燃料变质例如可使其自身表现为增加的喷嘴出口孔结焦。换言之，如果由燃料润滑的泵在轴承47的结构中使用常规铜合金，则可以预期燃料喷射器12的喷嘴出口孔39潜在地焦化并可能仅在数小时内就变得堵塞。当生物燃料与典型的商售混合物中占多数的蒸馏柴油燃料混合时，生物燃料的有害影响仍然较明显。
本发明教导了通过在轴承47中采用亚稳青铜来限制由于泵16的燃料润滑轴承之间的化学相互作用而引起的燃料变质。通过使用亚稳青铜合金，轴承保持了与由燃料润滑的泵16中的基于铜的轴承相关的大部分优点，但以合金的铜与生物燃料之间有限的化学相互作用而完成其支承任务。这种有限的化学相互作用大幅减少了通常与生物燃料和铜之间的化学相互作用相关的燃料变质，从而使由于使用生物燃料而使喷嘴结焦的担忧小于如果在泵16中使用常规的燃料润滑铜合金轴承则将存在的担忧。因此，通过使轴承47由亚稳青铜合金形成，实现了限制生物燃料与轴承之间的化学相互作用的手段。由于未完全理解的原因，亚稳青铜合金的铜与生物燃料的反应性往往低于非亚稳青铜合金，与所有青铜合金相似，非亚稳青铜合金中的铜占支配地位。一种具体的亚稳青铜合金包括在14.5%至15.5%的范围内的镍、在7.5%至8.5%的范围内的锡、含量小于0.02%的铅，其余组分为铜。这种合金唯一当前已知的来源是总部在俄亥俄州Cleveland的BrushWellman公司。
工业实用性
本发明潜在地应用于可能与生物燃料接触的任何金属构件。本发明的具体应用是作为对在用于共轨燃料系统中的由燃料润滑的泵的轴承中采用的常规铜合金的替代。可通过在可能与燃料系统中某处的生物燃料接触的那些构件中采用亚稳青铜合金来限制与燃料喷射器的喷嘴出口孔的喷嘴结焦相关的潜在问题。可能发生这种情况的一个具体位置在向共轨供给加压燃料的由燃料润滑的泵的一个或多个轴承中。例如，本发明的亚稳青铜合金可对燃料系统应用中的传统铍铜合金进行良好的替代。也可在对于套筒轴承需要高PV值的轴承应用中推荐本发明的亚稳青铜合金，这为困难的套筒轴承应用提供了一种良好的选择。除了限制采用传统铍铜合金或其它铜合金轴承材料可能发生的喷嘴结焦的能力外，本发明的亚稳青铜合金的特别之处还在于其耐腐蚀性和优越的抗磨损性质。一般而言，本发明的亚稳青铜合金对于连续操作温度高于260°C的应用可能不是最佳选择。
应该理解，以上说明仅出于举例说明的目的，且绝非旨在限制本发明的范围。因此，本领域技术人员将会意识到，通过研究附图、所公开的内容以及所附的权利要求书，能得到本发明的其它方面。
Claims (8)
1.一种操作燃料系统（10）的方法，包括以下步骤：
向由燃料润滑的泵（16）的入口（31）供给生物燃料；
用生物燃料润滑所述泵（16）的至少一个轴承（47）；
使生物燃料从所述泵（16）朝燃料喷射器（12）移动；
从所述燃料喷射器（12）的喷嘴孔（39）喷射生物燃料；以及
通过在所述轴承（47）中采用亚稳青铜合金来至少部分地限制喷嘴孔结焦。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括使所述由燃料润滑的泵（16）的凸轮轴（41）在所述轴承中旋转。
3.一种由燃料润滑的泵（16），包括：
限定燃料入口（31）的泵壳体（40）；
定位在所述泵壳体（40）中的至少一个可动构件（41）；
所述至少一个可动构件（41）由定位成与进入所述燃料入口（31）的燃料接触的至少一个轴承（47）支承；
用于限制生物燃料与所述轴承（47）之间的化学相互作用的手段，包括在所述轴承（47）中采用亚稳青铜合金。
4.根据权利要求3所述的由燃料润滑的泵（16），其中，所述至少一个轴承包括套管（47）。
5.根据权利要求4所述的由燃料润滑的泵（16），其中，所述套管（47）定位在凸轮轴（41）周围。
6.一种燃料系统（10），包括：
生物燃料源（18）；
由燃料润滑的泵（16），所述泵（16）具有与所述生物燃料源（18）流体连接的入口（31），并且所述泵（16）包括与移动通过所述泵（16）的生物燃料接触的至少一个轴承（47）；
共轨（14），所述共轨（14）具有与所述泵（16）的出口（32）流体连接的入口（33）；
多个燃料喷射器（12），所述多个燃料喷射器（12）与所述共轨（14）的相应出口（34）流体连接；以及
用于限制喷嘴孔结焦的手段，包括在所述轴承（47）中采用亚稳青铜合金。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料系统（10），其中，所述至少一个轴承包括套管（47）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料系统（10），其中，所述套管（47）定位在凸轮轴（41）周围。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/725,856 US20110226219A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2010-03-17 | Fuel lubricated pump and common rail fuel system using same |
| US12/725,856 | 2010-03-17 | ||
| PCT/US2011/028629 WO2011116065A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-03-16 | Fuel lubricated pump and common rail fuel system using same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102803703A true CN102803703A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
Family
ID=44646208
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011800142257A Pending CN102803703A (zh) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-03-16 | 由燃料润滑的泵和使用该泵的共轨燃料系统 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110226219A1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102803703A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE112011100925T5 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2011116065A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103498745A (zh) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-08 | 中国人民解放军济南军区72465部队 | 喷油器自动压力测试仪 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2570154A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-17 | Delphi Tech Ip Ltd | High pressure diesel fuel pump |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112011100925T5 (de) | 2013-01-24 |
| WO2011116065A3 (en) | 2011-12-08 |
| US20110226219A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
| WO2011116065A2 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
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