CN102795908B - Biological selenium-rich fertilizer and whole course dynamic gradient method for selenium-rich purple wheat - Google Patents
Biological selenium-rich fertilizer and whole course dynamic gradient method for selenium-rich purple wheat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a selenium-rich purple wheat by using a biological selenium-rich fertilizer and a whole course dynamic gradient selenium-rich method, which belongs to the crops cultivation technical field. The method is characterized in that the biological selenium-rich fertilizer is produced, and is used to prepare a selenium-rich fertilizer mother liquor, and then the selenium-rich fertilizer mother liquor is diluted to a selenium-containing fertilizer liquid with different selenium concentrations, and is affected on soil, purple wheat seeds and whole purple wheat at different growth periods. The wheat seeds enable full enrichment on the selenium element, according to the growth characteristics of the purple wheat, the selenium-containing fertilizer liquid with different gradients is used for fitting with the purple wheat growth rules during the whole growth process of the purple wheat, thereby the exogenous inorganic selenium can be conversed to plant endogenous organic selenium with high efficiency. By detecting, the selenium content of the purple wheat product provided in the invention is 0.18-0.28mg/kg, wherein the organic selenium content is 0.16-0.25mg/kg, compared with the purple wheat product which is sprayed by a single selenium-containing fertilizer liquid c in the whole process, the selenium content multiple can reach 5-7 times.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selenium-enriched crop cultivating method, particularly the purple Wheat Production method of the rich selenium of a kind of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer and omnidistance dynamic gradient thereof.Belong to crop cultivating technology field.
(2) background technology
Purple wheat refers to that seed really plants the wheat that the color of skin or aleurone layer is purple, and take anthocyanidin as main, be the peculiar kind of wheat, there is no anthocyanidin in the seed of common white wheat.Anthocyanidin is that a class is extensively present in the water colo(u)r in plant, belongs to flavonoids.As a kind of natural food colour, there is anti-oxidant, protection blood vessel, xitix, the plurality of health care functions such as preventing cancer, can be directly used in the industries such as food, medicine, beauty treatment.Therefore, anthocyanidin is as the important biologically active substance of purple wheat, and purple wheat has become one of focus of current functional foodstuff development research.In addition, the advantage of purple wheat maximum, is mineral nutrient element rich content.According to Ministry of Agriculture's cereal and quality of item supervision and inspection center, detect, agriculture purple wheat in mountain contains for No. 1 multiple mineral elements such as the useful selenium of human body, calcium, zinc, copper, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and content is all to some extent higher than common white wheat.
Selenium is one of requisite trace element of the mankind, and it can strengthen the immunologic function of human body, and has anti-cancer, anticancer effect, to diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, also can play good prevention and treatment measure.At present, the most areas of China are in lacking selenium, low selenium area, and in natural food, the content of selenium is also all lower, and in the daily meals of people, the wretched insufficiency of organoselenium intake has affected the healthy of people.According to Chinese Soclety of Nutrition, recommending every day organoselenium element intake is 50 ~ 200 μ g, and according to the impact investigation of China, and the selenium intake of China grownup every day only has 26 ~ 32 μ g at present, well below the minimum standard of national regulation.Therefore, population of China selenium absorption malnutrition has been a general problem.Therefore, strengthen the exploitation of rich selenium foodstuff products and the exploitation of plant technique of enriched selenium, there is important economy and society and be worth.
Wheat is the second largest farm crop of second largest crop China that China is only second to paddy rice, is also northern China people's main grain ration.In current cereal farm crop, wheat is the strongest to the accumulation ability of selenium element.Yet, the selenium-rich method of wheat growth is mainly by preparing certain density sodium selenite solution at present, to the soil application in wheat growth and wheat foliage-spray, this method is not only because soil fixing and weather reason, cause selenium element to run off in a large number, and under the low conversion rate of organoselenium, security and economy are all poor, therefore can not, as a kind of suitable safe method, become agricultural-food and produce the measure of mending selenium.Therefore, inorganic selenium is first made and is applicable to the natural endogenous selenium-enriched fertilizer that plant absorbs by biofermentation technique technique, thereby effectively absorbed by plant, and do not have inorganic selenium residue problem, thereby realize the safe and efficient production of Se-rich farm products.
At present, the report of the rich selenium of relevant purple wheat has no, but about the research of the rich selenium of wheat as following:
200610072921.4 disclose a kind of rich chromium, high-quality black wheat distinguished germ plasm cultural method, the advantage of this method is that the methods such as conventional breeding, haploid breeding, slow radiation, distant hybirdization embryo rescue are combined, irradiance method is improved, cultivate high yield, wide accommodation, be rich in organic chromium, be applicable to triticale new germ plasm patients with diabetes mellitus, that character inheritance is stable, but the method can not improve organic selenium content in triticale.In addition, this method does not relate to the rich selenium of purple wheat.
In 201010573545.3, disclose a kind of Selenylation production technology for wheat, its advantage is take that urea, boron fertilizer and three kinds of materials of sodium selenite mix as fertilizer, adopts foliage-spray method, can produce tens thousand of tons of organoselenium wheats.But the method still adopts the mode to wheat foliage-spray, there is organoselenium low conversion rate, the final residual safety issue of wheat products inorganic selenium.In addition, the method does not relate to the rich selenium of purple wheat.
In 201110179740.2, disclose the cultivation technique of Se-rich wheat, its advantage is to efficiently solve the low problem of content of the wheat selenium that traditional wheat cultivation technology produces, and can make the content of the organoselenium in wheat improve 5 ~ 10 times.But the method adopts sodium selenite solution to soak wheat seed, and the mode to wheat foliage-spray, and final wheat products exists the residual safety issue of inorganic selenium.In addition, the method does not relate to the rich selenium of purple wheat.
200810013002.9 in a kind of method of cultivation of Se-rich wheat is disclosed, its advantage is first to adopt take biological selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer and the mother liquor that beet pulp makes as main raw material, then by the mode to soil application and foliage-spray, the metabolism by inorganic selenium by wheat self is converted to the organoselenium that can be absorbed by the body.But it only adopts single concentration selenium solution to carry out rich selenium to wheat, do not investigate the impact on its Enriching Selenium effect of sodium selenite solution that wheat adopts different concns at different growth phases.In addition, the method does not relate to the rich selenium of purple wheat;
201110063980.6 disclose a kind of dynamic gradient thorough selenium enrichment method for wheat seedlings, the advantage of this method is to adopt water culture to prepare stem and leaf of Wheat, wheat seed and stem and leaf of Wheat production different steps are adopted to contain and do not allow the sodium selenite solution of concentration to carry out liquid culture, improved the middle organic selenium content of stem and leaf of Wheat.But the method still adopts sodium selenite solution to directly act on stem and leaf of Wheat, have the residual safety issue of the finished product inorganic selenium, and the method is the production of the rich selenium of stem and leaf of Wheat, do not relate to the rich selenium of wheat, do not relate to the rich selenium of purple wheat.
Although above-mentioned patent documentation discloses the relevant micro-enrichment production technology of wheat, all do not relate to purple wheat technique of enriched selenium.And there is no a kind of technology be to utilize to utilize Se-enriched bio fertilizer and omnidistance dynamic gradient enriching method to produce purple wheat simultaneously.
Selenium is the essential trace element of a kind of human life, and selenium participates in cellular metabolism, and the integrity of Cell protection film, and selenium is the central element of Selenoperoxidase.While lacking selenium, this enzyme function is obstructed, and vigor declines, and causes body immunity to reduce, and brings out various diseases and occurs.And organoselenium has stronger preventive and therapeutic effect to the cardiovascular disorder of human body, tumour, thyroid disease, cataract, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis etc., antagonism HIV infection, removing toxic substances, raising Fertility, adjusting mood, delay senility etc. has certain active effect, and organoselenium toxicity is little, specific absorption is high, bioavailability is high, grows and environment is not had to pollute substantially within the scope of required addition meeting human body.
At present, because the output of general common wheat is higher than purple wheat, domestic disclosed great majority relate to micro-enrichment patent documentation and all take common wheat as research object, and the patent documentation that has no purple wheat technique of enriched selenium is open.Compare with common wheat, in purple Testa Tritici, contain and take in a large number anthocyanidin as main natural pigment.That anthocyanidin has is anti-oxidant, protection blood vessel, xitix, and the functions such as preventing cancer, can be directly used in the industries such as food, medicine, beauty treatment.
The functional ingredient anthocyanidin that the purple wheat of take is rich in is basis, by adopting natural safe Se-enriched bio fertilizer, according to feature in purple wheat growth, by purple wheat self growth metabolism effect, choose the process of growth that Se-enriched bio fertilizer liquid that difference contains plasma selenium concentration acts on whole purple wheat, inorganic selenium is converted into organoselenium fully, produces a kind of purple wheat of rich selenium that is simultaneously rich in anthocyanogen and two kinds of functional ingredient of organoselenium.
(3) summary of the invention
Technical problem
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the rich selenium method of the omnidistance dynamic gradient of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer to produce the purple wheat of rich selenium, specifically first by producing a kind of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer, then the selenium-enriched fertilizer mother liquor making with it, then be diluted to different concns selenium containing selenium fertilizer liquid, act on soil, purple wheat seed, and whole purple wheat different growing stage.Adopt the omnidistance selenium-rich method of this dynamic gradient, by control, contain selenium concentration fertilizer liquid, make whole rich selenium process adapt to the growth rhythm of purple wheat self, final organic selenium content and the organoselenium transformation efficiency improving in purple wheat, can prevent because the residual safety issue of bringing of inorganic selenium is produced and is rich in anthocyanidin and the high new variety of wheat of organoselenium output simultaneously simultaneously.
Technical scheme
A kind of method of utilizing the omnidistance rich selenium method of bio-feritlizer dynamic gradient to produce purple wheat the present invention relates to realizes by following technical proposals and step:
1. the making of Se-enriched bio fertilizer: by weight (kilogram), 30 ~ 50 kilograms of pig manures (water content 12%), 20 ~ 40 kilograms of chicken manures (water content 12%), 10 ~ 30 kilograms of rapeseed cakes, 10 ~ 30 kilograms of dregs of beans cakes, 5 ~ 10 kilograms of sodium selenites, 2 ~ 4 kilograms, urea, 1 ~ 3 kilogram, saltpetre, puts into the fermentation vat that cement is made, add 200 ~ 400 kilograms, water, seal anaerobically fermenting 30 days.After fermentation ends, fermented liquid in fermentation vat is all taken out in 200 orders and filtered, obtain containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a with containing selenium fermentation fertilizer residue b;
2. the preparation of different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid: different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid is by making containing selenium fermentation mother liquor a thin up.Containing selenium constituent content in selenium fertilizer liquid c, be 5 ~ 10g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid d selenium constituent content, be 10 ~ 20 g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid e selenium constituent content, be 20 ~ 30g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid f selenium constituent content, be 30 ~ 40g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid g selenium constituent content, be 40 ~ 45g/L;
3. the rich selenium of seed: select the purple Wheat Species that particle is large and full, embryo is complete, put into container, add containing selenium fertilizer liquid c, fertilizer liquid add-on, just not have purple wheat seed to be advisable, is put into plant incubator, controls 25 ± 2 ℃ of culture temperature, soaks 24h;
4. the rich selenium of soil: before purple wheat planting, in the planting site at place, execute 10 ~ 20 kilograms of fermentation residue b in every mu of planting site;
5. the omnidistance dynamic rich selenium of purple wheat: taking out through the purple wheat seed of step 3, plant in passing through in the planting site of step 4.At wheat during jointing stage foliage-spray, contain selenium fertilizer liquid d respectively, at wheat booting period foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid e, at flowering stage of wheat, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid f, at wheat grain filling, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid g mid-term; After wheat maturation, harvesting, it is the purple wheat products that is rich in selenium.
In step 4, Selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer residue b need to execute and be embedded in 20 ~ 30 centimetres, topsoil, spreads thin soil above and covers.
In step 5, the time that spraying of purple wheat is contained to selenium fertilizer should carry out under the situation in the morning, at dusk or a little less than illumination, sprays latter 24 hours as the rainy day, need fill spray and execute containing selenium fertilizer once.In addition to pull out in time large grass and roguing, wheat growth-promoting.
beneficial effect
The present invention has following advantage compared with prior art:
1. the present invention adopts Se-enriched bio fermentation fertilizer liquid to carry out selenium enrichment of element to purple wheat, has solved in the past in Se-rich wheat process the toxic action of inorganic selenium to wheat, and the residual safety issue of bringing of inorganic selenium in wheat finished product.
2, the present invention adopts the mode of the rich selenium of omnidistance dynamic gradient to carry out whole process control to the selenium element in purple wheat, owing to adopting natural biology fermentation Selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer liquid, from wheat seed, just allow it fully selenium element be carried out to enrichment, and at whole purple wheat growth, according to its growth characteristic, adopt different gradients to contain selenium fertilizer liquid to adapt to purple wheat growth rule, efficiently exogenous inorganic selenium is converted into plant endogenous property organoselenium.After testing, the purple wheat products selenium content of producing through present method is 0.18 ~ 0.28mg/kg, and wherein organic selenium content is 0.16 ~ 0.25mg/kg, sprays the single selenium fertilizer liquid c of containing with whole process, and resulting purple wheat products is compared, and its selenium content multiple reaches 5 ~ 7 times.
2. the present invention adopts water culture to prepare stem and leaf of Wheat, and growing-seedling period is short, and has saved land resources, has both guaranteed that stem and leaf of Wheat quality product was relatively uniform simultaneously, is conducive to again the popularization of stem and leaf of Wheat technique of enriched selenium and the suitability for industrialized production of Se-rich wheat seedling.
(4) embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1. the making of Se-enriched bio fertilizer
By weight (kilogram), 30 kilograms of pig manures (water content 12%), 20 kilograms of chicken manures (water content 12%), 10 kilograms of rapeseed cakes, 10 kilograms of dregs of beans cakes, 5 kilograms of sodium selenites, 2 kilograms, urea, 1 kilogram, saltpetre, puts into the fermentation vat that cement is made, add 500 kilograms, water, seal anaerobically fermenting 30 days.After fermentation ends, fermented liquid in fermentation vat is all taken out in 200 orders and filtered, obtain containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a with containing selenium fermentation fertilizer residue b;
2. the different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer of the preparation of different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid liquid is by making containing selenium fermentation mother liquor a thin up.Containing selenium constituent content in selenium fertilizer liquid c, be 5g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid d selenium constituent content, be 10g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid e selenium constituent content, be 20g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid f selenium constituent content, be 30g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid g selenium constituent content, be 40g/L;
3. the rich selenium of seed is selected the purple Wheat Species that particle is large and full, embryo is complete, puts into container, adds containing selenium fertilizer liquid c, and fertilizer liquid add-on, just not have purple wheat seed to be advisable, is put into plant incubator, controls 25 ± 2 ℃ of culture temperature, soaks 24h;
4. the rich selenium of soil, before purple wheat planting, in the planting site at place, is executed 10 kilograms of fermentation residue b in every mu of planting site;
5. the omnidistance dynamic rich selenium of purple wheat, taking out through the purple wheat seed of step 3, is planted in the process planting site of step 4.At wheat during jointing stage foliage-spray, contain selenium fertilizer liquid d respectively, at wheat booting period foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid e, at flowering stage of wheat, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid f, at wheat grain filling, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid g mid-term; After wheat maturation, harvesting, it is the purple wheat products that is rich in selenium.
In this purple wheat products, total selenium content is 0.18 ± 0.10mg/kg, and wherein organoselenium is containing being 0.16 ± 0.08mg/kg.Meet the national standard that cereal food selenium content adds ,≤0.30 mg/kg.
Embodiment 2:
1. the making of Se-enriched bio fertilizer
By weight (kilogram), 40 kilograms of pig manures (water content 12%), 30 kilograms of chicken manures (water content 12%), 20 kilograms of rapeseed cakes, 20 kilograms of dregs of beans cakes, 8 kilograms of sodium selenites, 3 kilograms, urea, 2 kilograms, saltpetre, puts into the fermentation vat that cement is made, add 500 kilograms, water, seal anaerobically fermenting 30 days.After fermentation ends, fermented liquid in fermentation vat is all taken out in 200 orders and filtered, obtain containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a with containing selenium fermentation fertilizer residue b;
2. the different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer of the preparation of different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid liquid is by making containing selenium fermentation mother liquor a thin up.Containing selenium constituent content in selenium fertilizer liquid c, be 8g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid d selenium constituent content, be 15 g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid e selenium constituent content, be 25g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid f selenium constituent content, be 35g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid g selenium constituent content, be 42g/L;
3. the rich selenium of seed is selected the purple Wheat Species that particle is large and full, embryo is complete, puts into container, adds containing selenium fertilizer liquid c, and fertilizer liquid add-on, just not have purple wheat seed to be advisable, is put into plant incubator, controls 25 ± 2 ℃ of culture temperature, soaks 24h;
4. the rich selenium of soil, before purple wheat planting, in the planting site at place, is executed 15 kilograms of fermentation residue b in every mu of planting site;
5. the omnidistance dynamic rich selenium of purple wheat, taking out through the purple wheat seed of step 3, is planted in the process planting site of step 4.At wheat during jointing stage foliage-spray, contain selenium fertilizer liquid d respectively, at wheat booting period foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid e, at flowering stage of wheat, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid f, at wheat grain filling, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid g mid-term; After wheat maturation, harvesting, it is the purple wheat products that is rich in selenium.
In this purple wheat products, total selenium content is 0.22 ± 0.03mg/kg, and wherein organoselenium is containing being 0.20 ± 0.01mg/kg.Meet the national standard that cereal food selenium content adds ,≤0.30 mg/kg.
Embodiment 3:
By weight (kilogram), 50 kilograms of pig manures (water content 12%), 40 kilograms of chicken manures (water content 12%), 30 kilograms of rapeseed cakes, 30 kilograms of dregs of beans cakes, 10 kilograms of sodium selenites, 4 kilograms, urea, 3 kilograms, saltpetre, puts into the fermentation vat that cement is made, add 500 kilograms, water, seal anaerobically fermenting 30 days.After fermentation ends, fermented liquid in fermentation vat is all taken out in 200 orders and filtered, obtain containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a with containing selenium fermentation fertilizer residue b;
2. the different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer of the preparation of different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid liquid is by making containing selenium fermentation mother liquor a thin up.Containing selenium constituent content in selenium fertilizer liquid c, be 10g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid d selenium constituent content, be 20 g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid e selenium constituent content, be 30g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid f selenium constituent content, be 40g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid g selenium constituent content, be 45g/L;
3. the rich selenium of seed is selected the purple Wheat Species that particle is large and full, embryo is complete, puts into container, adds containing selenium fertilizer liquid c, and fertilizer liquid add-on, just not have purple wheat seed to be advisable, is put into plant incubator, controls 25 ± 2 ℃ of culture temperature, soaks 24h;
4. the rich selenium of soil, before purple wheat planting, in the planting site at place, is executed 20 kilograms of fermentation residue b in every mu of planting site;
5. the omnidistance dynamic rich selenium of purple wheat, taking out through the purple wheat seed of step 3, is planted in the process planting site of step 4.At wheat during jointing stage foliage-spray, contain selenium fertilizer liquid d respectively, at wheat booting period foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid e, at flowering stage of wheat, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid f, at wheat grain filling, spray containing selenium fertilizer liquid g mid-term; After wheat maturation, harvesting, it is the purple wheat products that is rich in selenium.
In this purple wheat products, total selenium content is 0.28 ± 0.05mg/kg, and wherein organoselenium is containing being 0.25 ± 0.11mg/kg.Meet the national standard that cereal food selenium content adds ,≤0.30 mg/kg.
Claims (2)
1. a method for the purple Wheat Production of the rich selenium of the omnidistance dynamic gradient of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer, is characterized in that, the production method of described biological selenium-enriched fertilizer is:
(1) making of Se-enriched bio fertilizer: 30 ~ 50 kilograms of pig manures, 20 ~ 40 kilograms of chicken manures, 10 ~ 30 kilograms of rapeseed cakes, 10 ~ 30 kilograms of dregs of beans cakes, 5 ~ 10 kilograms of Sodium Selenites, 2 ~ 4 kilograms, urea, 1 ~ 3 kilogram, saltpetre, put into the fermentation vat that cement is made, add 200 ~ 400 kilograms, water, seal anaerobically fermenting 30 days; After fermentation ends, fermented liquid in fermentation vat is all taken out in 200 orders and filtered, obtain containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a and Selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer residue b;
(2) preparation of different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid: following different selenium concentration fermentation fertilizer liquid, by making containing selenium fermentation fertilizer mother liquor a thin up, is 5 ~ 10g/L containing selenium constituent content in selenium fertilizer liquid c; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid d selenium constituent content, be 10 ~ 20 g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid e selenium constituent content, be 20 ~ 30g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid f selenium constituent content, be 30 ~ 40g/L; Containing selenium fertilizer liquid g selenium constituent content, be 40 ~ 45g/L;
The method of the purple Wheat Production of the rich selenium of the omnidistance dynamic gradient of described biological selenium-enriched fertilizer is:
1) the rich selenium of seed: select purple wheat seed, put into container, add the described selenium fertilizer liquid c of containing, fertilizer liquid add-on, just not have purple wheat seed to be advisable, is put into plant incubator, controls 25 ± 2 ℃ of culture temperature, soaks 24h;
2) the rich selenium of soil: before purple wheat planting, in the planting site at place, execute 10 ~ 20 kilograms of described Selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer residue b in every mu of planting site;
3) the omnidistance dynamic rich selenium of purple wheat: the purple wheat seed soaking through step 1) is taken out, plant in through step 2) in the planting site processed, described in wheat during jointing stage foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid d respectively, described in wheat booting period foliage-spray, containing selenium fertilizer liquid e, at flowering stage of wheat, spray the described selenium fertilizer liquid f of containing, at wheat grain filling, spray described containing selenium fertilizer liquid g mid-term; After wheat maturation, harvesting, it is the purple wheat products that is rich in selenium.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 2 described in the method for the purple Wheat Production of the rich selenium of the omnidistance dynamic gradient of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer), Selenium-enriched fermentation fertilizer residue b executes and is embedded in 20 ~ 30 centimetres, topsoil, spreads thin soil above and covers.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2, described in the method for the purple Wheat Production of the rich selenium of the omnidistance dynamic gradient of biological selenium-enriched fertilizer in step 3), the time that spraying of purple wheat is contained to selenium fertilizer liquid should carry out under the situation in the morning, at dusk or a little less than illumination, spray latter 24 hours and meet the rainy day, need fill spray and execute containing selenium fertilizer liquid once.
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