CN102792007A - 内燃机的燃料喷射系统 - Google Patents

内燃机的燃料喷射系统 Download PDF

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CN102792007A
CN102792007A CN2011800135520A CN201180013552A CN102792007A CN 102792007 A CN102792007 A CN 102792007A CN 2011800135520 A CN2011800135520 A CN 2011800135520A CN 201180013552 A CN201180013552 A CN 201180013552A CN 102792007 A CN102792007 A CN 102792007A
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pump
pressure
injection system
fuel injection
combustion engine
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F·伯金
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/38—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions
    • F02M59/42—Pumps characterised by adaptations to special uses or conditions for starting of engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D33/00—Controlling delivery of fuel or combustion-air, not otherwise provided for
    • F02D33/003—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge
    • F02D33/006—Controlling the feeding of liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus ; Failure or leakage prevention; Diagnosis or detection of failure; Arrangement of sensors in the fuel system; Electric wiring; Electrostatic discharge depending on engine operating conditions, e.g. start, stop or ambient conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/062—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/3809—Common rail control systems
    • F02D41/3836—Controlling the fuel pressure
    • F02D41/3845—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped
    • F02D41/3854—Controlling the fuel pressure by controlling the flow into the common rail, e.g. the amount of fuel pumped with elements in the low pressure part, e.g. low pressure pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/02—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor being spaced from pumping elements
    • F02M41/06—Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor the distributor being spaced from pumping elements the distributor rotating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/12—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps having other positive-displacement pumping elements, e.g. rotary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0265—Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/027—More than one high pressure pump feeding a single common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/30—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
    • F02M69/34—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines with an auxiliary fuel circuit supplying fuel to the engine, e.g. with the fuel pump outlet being directly connected to injection nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/30—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
    • F02M69/36—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages
    • F02M69/42—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines having an enrichment mechanism modifying fuel flow to injectors, e.g. by acting on the fuel metering device or on the valves throttling fuel passages to injection nozzles or overflow passages using other means than variable fluid pressure, e.g. acting on the fuel metering device mechanically or electrically

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机的燃料喷射系统，所述燃料喷射系统包括预输送泵（1）和下游的高压泵（7），所述高压泵与高压蓄能器（9）连接，并且所述高压蓄能器（9）与至少一个燃料喷射器（10）作用连接。根据本发明提供了一种燃料喷射系统和一种运行这种燃料喷射系统的方法，它避免了在所述高压蓄能器（9）中压力建立慢的缺点并且还能够快速起动内燃机。这通过如下方式实现：所述预输送泵（1）被设计用于产生输送压力，至少在所述内燃机的限定的运行状态中借助所述燃料喷射器（10）以所述输送压力进行燃料喷射。在由所述预输送泵（1）产生的输送压力下，由控制装置引起所述燃料喷射器的开启。用于运行所述燃料喷射系统的相应方法规定，预输送泵（1）在起动运行模式中运行直到内燃机起动完成并且在内燃机起动完成之后在预输送运行模式中运行。

Description

内燃机的燃料喷射系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的燃料喷射系统，所述燃料喷射系统具有预输送泵和下游的高压泵，所述高压泵与高压蓄能器相连接，其中，所述高压蓄能器与至少一个燃料喷射器作用连接。
背景技术
这种类型的燃料喷射系统由DE 10 2004 018 843 A1已知。该燃料喷射系统被设计为共轨喷射系统。在共轨喷射系统中，在内燃机停机后，高压蓄能器（轨）中的压力下降这么多，以至对于内燃机的随后起动不能提供足够高的燃料压力，为了借助燃料喷射器将燃料喷射到内燃机的所属燃烧室中，该燃料压力是必须的。但是为了能够实现内燃机的起动，所述燃料喷射系统具有电子控制模式，所述电子控制模式具有预填充算法。该预填充算法的效果如下，即当所述高压蓄能器处于未预填充状态中时，电运行的泵被激活。电子控制模式与至少一个传感器连接，该传感器能够求出燃料喷射系统的状态。这种系统的缺点是，在任何情况下直到内燃机的起动为止经过一个并非无关紧要的时间间隔，该时间间隔是必须的，以便建立必要的燃料压力。此外，所述系统的结构费用也很高。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种燃料喷射系统和用于运行这种燃料系统的方法，它避免了已知的缺陷并且能够实现内燃机的快速起动。这应当以低的结构费用实现。
这个任务通过以下方式实现，即预输送泵被设计用于产生一个输送压力，至少在内燃机的限定的运行状态中借助所述燃料喷射器以该输送压力进行燃料喷射。所述限定的运行状态在此尤其是内燃机的起动过程。用于运行这种燃料喷射系统的相应方法规定，预输送泵在起动运行模式中运行直到内燃机起动完成并且在内燃机起动完成之后在预输送运行模式中运行。本发明的基本构思是，不使用只用于起动内燃机的附加泵或控制模块，而是这样地设计对于内燃机的正常运行所需要的部件，使得这些部件能够实现内燃机的快速起动。在此，本发明从这些知识出发，对于完成内燃机起动足够的是，在起动阶段准备一个相当于燃料喷射器的最小开启压力的燃料压力。在此要考虑，用于相应的燃料喷射系统的当今常用的燃料喷射器没有固定的开启压力，而是由控制器引起燃料喷射器的开启和关闭，所述控制器另外控制整个系统。就此而言，最小开启压力一方面描述可通过预输送泵提供的输送压力，但另一方面必须这样高，以至于抵抗在工作室中被密封的燃烧空气的压力将燃料喷射到内燃机的工作室中。通过达到这种燃料压力能够总体上可靠地由燃料喷射器将燃料喷射到内燃机的相应的工作室中并且引起内燃机的起动。
在本发明的改进方案中，预输送泵被这样地设计，使得它产生约80至120巴的预压力。因为该压力仅需短暂地产生，所以预输送泵不需要被设计成能够持续地且持久地产生这种输送压力。而完全足够的是，将起动运行模式设计成仅短暂地被提供的过载运行模式。
在本发明的另一设计方案中，所述预输送泵是齿轮泵。尤其当齿轮泵如在其它设计方案中那样电运行时，这种起动运行模式能够简单地实现，其方式是预输送泵以较高的电功率运行。在本发明的另一种设计方案中，在完成内燃机的起动之后，预输送泵在预输送运行模式中运行，其中，输送压力然后最高达到8巴。通过所示的电运行的齿轮泵能够短暂地在这种方式运行的齿轮泵的疲劳强度方面无缺点地实现这样的约15倍的过载。显然，在本发明的范围内也能够使用另外的适当的预输送泵。
在本发明的改进方案中，高压泵的高压工作室与吸入阀和止回阀连接。在此，吸入阀通过配量单元与预输送泵连接，而止回阀直接与高压蓄能器连接。通过这个设计方案能够几乎在绕过高压泵的情况下由预输送泵填充高压蓄能器。在此，在结构上如何设计高压泵，这是无关紧要的。但因为高压泵总是由例如内燃机的曲轴或凸轮轴机械驱动的，所述高压泵在起动内燃机期间仅用低的起动转速运行。但在这种小的起动转速下，压力损失也小，压力损失例如通过高压泵的驱动轴的轴承造成。因而在高压泵正常运行中，通过轴承有意地排出少量燃料，以便保证润滑所述轴承和/或抽空所述高压泵。
附图说明
由附图说明得知本发明的其他有利的设计方案，在附图说明中更详细地阐明在附图中所示的本发明的实施例。其示出：
图1示出根据本发明的燃料喷射系统的连线技术上的设计方案；和
图2示出燃料喷射系统的压力控制图表。
具体实施方式
根据图1的燃料喷射系统具有预输送泵1，它被构造为齿轮泵。预输送泵1被电动机2驱动并且预输送泵1从油箱3在必要时在接入过滤装置的情况下抽吸燃料、尤其是柴油燃料。被预输送泵1输送的燃料通过一个通常电运行的配量单元4和吸入阀5输送给高压泵7的高压工作室6。高压工作室6还通过止回阀8与高压蓄能器9连接。高压蓄能器9又通过高压管路按照内燃机的缸单元的数量与燃料喷射器10连接。
配量单元4在正常运行中根据高压蓄能器9中的燃料压力来控制输送给高压泵7的燃料量。在起动运行模式期间，配量单元4被这样地接通，使得它的控制节流孔打开，即由预输送泵1输送的所有燃料量都被输送给高压泵7。吸入阀5被这样地构造，使得在高压泵的泵运行期间位于高压工作室6中的燃料不能返回到通向配量单元4的管路中。高压泵具有一个或多个泵活塞11，该一个或多个泵活塞被驱动轴在一个或多个泵缸12中上下驱动并且将在吸入行程期间被吸入到高压泵工作室6中的燃料通过止回阀8输送到高压蓄能器9中。
根据本发明，在起动运行模式中，构造为齿轮泵的预输送泵1用比在正常预输送运行模式中更高的电功率运行，并且短暂地以最高达到120巴的压力将燃料输送到高压蓄能器9中。这个压力足以能够通过燃料喷射器10将燃料可靠地喷射到内燃机的工作室中。
在按照图2的两部分式的图表中，在上部分中，在时间轴上显示出由燃料喷射系统产生的燃料压力，并且在下部分中同样在时间轴上显示出通过燃料喷射器进行的喷射。抛物线形的曲线13显示出可通过预输送泵1在起动运行模式中呈现的输送压力，其中，在抛物线顶点区域中达到80到120巴的输送压力。输送压力可由抛物线形曲线13出发在调节区域14中这样地被控制，使得输送压力可以在相应的时间间隔上被保持在120巴的水平上，以便然后按照虚线曲线13a回复到1至8巴范围内的预输送压力。同时在该图表中显示出由高压泵7产生的压力上升15，该压力上升在内燃机起动之后产生。在图表的在下面显示的区域中显示出通过燃料喷射器10同时进行的喷射。在此，由一个控制整个系统的控制装置引发的第一喷射16在这样的时间点进行，在该时间点由预输送泵1按照抛物线形曲线13实现120巴的输送压力。

Claims (11)

1.内燃机的燃料喷射系统，所述燃料喷射系统具有预输送泵（1）和下游的高压泵（7），所述高压泵与高压蓄能器（9）连接，并且所述高压蓄能器（9）与至少一个燃料喷射器（10）作用连接，
其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）被设计用于产生输送压力，至少在所述内燃机的限定的运行状态中借助所述燃料喷射器（10）以所述输送压力进行燃料喷射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述限定的运行状态是内燃机的起动过程。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）产生最高达到120巴的输送压力。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）是齿轮泵。
5.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）是电运行的。
6.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述高压泵（7）的高压泵工作室（6）与吸入阀（5）和止回阀（8）连接。
7.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）能够在起动运行模式和预输送运行模式中运行。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料喷射系统，其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）在内燃机起动完成之后能够在预输送运行模式中运行。
9.用于运行内燃机的燃料喷射系统的方法，所述燃料喷射系统具有预输送泵（1）和下游的高压泵（7），所述高压泵与高压蓄能器（9）连接，所述高压蓄能器与燃料喷射器（10）作用连接，
其特征在于，所述预输送泵（1）在起动运行模式中运行直到内燃机起动完成，在起动运行模式期间，通过所述燃料喷射器（10）以由所述预输送泵（1）产生的输送压力进行燃料喷射，并且所述预输送泵（1）在内燃机起动完成之后在预输送运行模式中运行。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，预压力泵（1）能够在起动运行模式中这样地运行，使得所述预压力泵（1）的输送压力对应于所述燃料喷射器（10）的最小开启压力。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预压力泵（1）在起动运行模式中被调节到最高达到120巴的输送压力并且在预输送运行模式中被调节到最高达到8巴的输送压力。
CN2011800135520A 2010-03-12 2011-02-03 内燃机的燃料喷射系统 Pending CN102792007A (zh)

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