CN102786606B - Processing method of lentinan - Google Patents
Processing method of lentinan Download PDFInfo
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- CN102786606B CN102786606B CN201210325601.0A CN201210325601A CN102786606B CN 102786606 B CN102786606 B CN 102786606B CN 201210325601 A CN201210325601 A CN 201210325601A CN 102786606 B CN102786606 B CN 102786606B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a processing method of lentinan. The processing method includes the steps of firstly, coarsely grinding; secondly, twin-screw extruding; thirdly, semi-bionic extracting; fourthly, centrifugalizing and concentrating; and fifthly, ethanol precipitating and drying. Since an ultrasonic method is cooperated with the semi-bionic method to extract the lentinan, more effective components can be extracted and reserved, production cycle can be shortened, and cost can be lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing field, relate to a kind of working method of lentinan, be specifically related to a kind of extrusion process and work in coordination with the working method that half biomimetic method extracts lentinan.
Background technology
Mushroom is second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushrooms, one of Ye Shi China special product, at the title have " mountain delicacy " among the people, is high protein, low-fat nutritive health-care food.Mushroom, also known as mushroom, dried mushroom, is the Mycophyta of a kind of growth on timber.Due to its delicious flavour, fragrance oozes people, nutritious, not only ranks on straw mushroom, flat mushroom, white mushroom, and have the reputation of " plant queen ".The edible part of dried thin mushroom accounts for 72%, and every 100g eats moisture 13g in part, fatty 1.8g, carbohydrate 54g, robust fibre 7.8g, ash content 4.9g, calcium 124mg, phosphorus 415mg, iron 25.3mg, VITMAIN B1 0.07mg, Lin Suanna Vitamin B2 Sodium Phosphate 1.13mg, nicotinic acid 18.9mg.Fresh mushroom, except moisture 85-90%, contains crude protein 19.9% in solid substance, crude fat 4%, soluble N-free material 67%, robust fibre 7%, ash content 3%.Mushroom is containing abundant provitamin D, but vitamins C is very few, A and A that be deficient in vitamin again is former.
Lentinan is separated from the sporophore of mushroom and the polymer dextran that obtains of purifying, is the important active principle in mushroom.Lentinan is a kind of non-specific immunostimulant, can the T-lymphocyte of direct human activin, strengthens the function of antibody forming cell.There is the functions such as antitumor, antiviral, cause people's extensive concern.Lentinan is started the eighties to be applied to clinical as biological response modifier, it can increase the activity of natural killer cell (NK cell) and the generation of Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (LAK cell), can share with chemotherapeutics, antineoplastic effect can be significantly improved.
The method that lentinan extracts mainly contains Hot water extraction, diluted acid extraction, diluted alkaline extraction and enzyme process etc., along with deepening continuously to Study on Lentinus edodes, occurs again ultrasonic wave added ripple method, microwave-aided synthesis method and ultrafiltration process etc.Traditional extraction lentinan is Hot water extraction, this method does not need special machinery equipment, cost is low, safety, but often extraction efficiency low and time-consuming but due to aqueous polar large, easily composition lixiviate water-soluble to glycoside, protein etc. out, thus easily putrid and deteriorated when extraction solution is deposited, for follow-up decoupled band serves difficulty.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of working method of lentinan, and the method can rapid extraction lentinan and retain more effective constituent, and extraction yield is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The invention provides a kind of working method of lentinan, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse reduction, obtained mushroom meal:
(2) twin-screw extruder process: the moisture content regulating mushroom meal, be 10% ~ 20% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 25kg/h ~ 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 100r/min ~ 160r/min carry out extrusion process, obtained mushroom powder;
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: take the mushroom powder after extruding, be that 1:20 ~ 1:30 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.1 ~ 4.6 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.4 ~ 8.9 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 45 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C, extraction time 40min ~ 55min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid after being extracted by half biomimetic method is centrifugal, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to 1/3 ~ 1/4 of original volume.
(5) alcohol precipitation, drying.
Further, in step (1), described coarse reduction dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer to carry out coarse reduction, and rotating speed is 2500 ~ 3000r/min, pulverizes 15 ~ 20min.
Further, in step (4), described centrifugal condition is: centrifugal rotational speed is 3000 ~ 3500r/min, and centrifugation time is 10 ~ 15min.
Further, in step (5), described alcohol precipitation, drying are specially and add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, and 24h analysed by alcohol, centrifugal, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains lentinan through vacuum lyophilization.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, extruding has the multiple effects such as mixing, heating, shearing.Dried thin mushroom is through extruding, and cell wall rupture, structure refinement, lentinan is easier to stripping, and stripping quantity increases.
2, half biomimetic method is from biopharmacy angle, is combined by overall medicine organon with molecular medicine organon, and simulation oral administration and medicine, through the principle of gastrointestinal transit, are a kind of new extraction process designed through the Chinese medicine preparation of digestive tube administration.Be characterized in extracting and to retain more effective constituent, can the production cycle be shortened, reduce costs.
3, the present invention adopts collaborative half biomimetic method of extrusion process to extract lentinan, and more traditional Hot water extraction extracts that the polysaccharide time is short, extraction yield is high, and cost is low, energy efficient, the advantage such as easy and simple to handle.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, set forth the present invention further.But these embodiments are only limitted to illustrate that the present invention and being not used in limits the scope of the invention.
The mushroom used in the embodiment of the present invention derives from the dried thin mushroom in Fujian Province, and other dried thin mushroom is all applicable to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 2500r/min pulverizes 20min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 10% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 25kg/h, extrusion temperature 120 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 100r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: take the mushroom powder after extruding, be that 1:20 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.1 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.4 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 45 DEG C, extraction time 40min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3000r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/4.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Embodiment 2
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 3000r/min pulverizes 15min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 15% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 125 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 110r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: take the mushroom powder after extruding, be that 1:25 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.2 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.5 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 50 DEG C, extraction time 50min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3500r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/3.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Embodiment 3
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 3000r/min pulverizes 15min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 20% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 25kg/h, extrusion temperature 130 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 120r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: accurately take the mushroom powder 500g after extruding, be that 1:30 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.3 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.6 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 60 DEG C, extraction time 55min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3000r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/4.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Embodiment 4
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 2500r/min pulverizes 20min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 10% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 135 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 140r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: accurately take the mushroom powder 500g after extruding, be that 1:20 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.4 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.7 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 65 DEG C, extraction time 40min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3500r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/3.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Embodiment 5
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 3000r/min pulverizes 15min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 15% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 140 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 150r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: accurately take the mushroom powder 500g after extruding, be that 1:25 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.5 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.8 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 55 DEG C, extraction time 45min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3000r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/4.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Embodiment 6
(1) coarse reduction: dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer and carries out coarse reduction, rotating speed is that 2500r/min pulverizes 20min.
(2) twin-screw extruder process: be 20% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 150 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 160r/min carry out extrusion process.
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: accurately take the mushroom powder 500g after extruding, be that 1:30 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.6 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.9 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 65 DEG C, extraction time 55min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid rotating speed after being extracted by half biomimetic method is the centrifuge 10min of 3500r/min, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to more next 1/4.
(5) alcohol precipitation: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, and the centrifugal 15min of 5000r/min, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains mushroom Crude polysaccharides through vacuum lyophilization.
Control group:
Traditional water extracting alcohol method is adopted to extract the working method of lentinan, mainly be operating as: precise 500g mushroom residue, distilled water is added by solid-liquid ratio 1: 20, constant temperature process 40min in water-bath under temperature 60 C, extracting solution after filtration, can obtain Crude polysaccharides after the process such as centrifugal, concentrated and alcohol settling, is weighed after oven dry
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention just for clearly example of the present invention being described, and is not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.Every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a working method for lentinan, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) coarse reduction, obtained mushroom meal:
(2) twin-screw extruder process: the moisture content regulating mushroom meal, be 10% ~ 20% mushroom meal by water content by inlet amount be 25kg/h ~ 30kg/h, extrusion temperature 120 DEG C ~ 150 DEG C, extrusion machine rotating speed 100r/min ~ 160r/min carry out extrusion process, obtained mushroom powder;
(3) half biomimetic methods extract: take the mushroom powder after extruding, be that 1:20 ~ 1:30 adds distilled water by solid-liquid ratio, be 4.1 ~ 4.6 with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH, carry out first time to extract, and then with Sodium phosphate dibasic-citric acid solution regulator solution pH be 8.4 ~ 8.9 carry out second time extract, Extracting temperature is 45 DEG C ~ 65 DEG C, extraction time 40min ~ 55min.
(4) centrifugal, concentrated: the feed liquid after being extracted by half biomimetic method is centrifugal, gets supernatant liquor, and by supernatant concentration to 1/3 ~ 1/4 of original volume.
(5) alcohol precipitation, drying: add 4 times to 95% ethanol of concentrated rear volume, 24h analysed by alcohol, centrifugal, abandons supernatant liquor, precipitates and obtains lentinan through vacuum lyophilization.
2. working method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (1), described coarse reduction dried thin mushroom is placed in pulverizer to carry out coarse reduction, and rotating speed is 2500 ~ 3500r/min, pulverizes 15 ~ 20min.
3. working method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (4), described centrifugal condition is: centrifugal rotational speed is 3000 ~ 3500r/min, and centrifugation time is 10 ~ 15min.
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| CN104403020A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-03-11 | 哈尔滨墨医生物技术有限公司 | Semi-bionic lentinan extraction method |
| CN106188331B (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-06-29 | 黑龙江众生生物工程有限公司 | A kind of method of biomimetic method joint enzymatic isolation method extraction Blackfungus polyhexose |
| CN107624513A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-01-26 | 山东惠民齐发果蔬有限责任公司 | It is a kind of rich in the edible and medical fungi cultural hypha method of polysaccharide and application |
| CN109907145A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-06-21 | 湖南省定生保健品经营有限公司 | The preparation method and application of tea therapy drink |
| CN110037290A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-23 | 福建拓天生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of coprinus comatus instant powder |
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| JPS62131001A (en) * | 1985-12-03 | 1987-06-13 | Japan Dotsusa:Kk | Separation of polysaccharide contained in exodermis of plant seed |
| CN101757037A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-06-30 | 湖州来色生物基因工程有限公司 | Method for extracting propolis active ingredients by using semi-bionics technique |
| CN102266370B (en) * | 2011-07-09 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江工业大学 | Semi-bionic extraction method for anti-stomach-cancer active substance in Hangzhou white chrysanthemum |
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| CN1861636A (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-15 | 上海市农业科学院 | Process for half bionic extracting preparing hedgehogt fungus crude polysaccharose |
| CN101530435A (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-09-16 | 江南大学 | Pretreatment method for extracting plant effective components |
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| 五味子多糖的微波辅助-半仿生法提取工艺优化;马涛等;《中国食品学报》;20110228;第11卷(第1期);第98-105页 * |
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