CN102783403B - Cultivation trough suitable for cultivation of solanaceous fruit vegetables - Google Patents
Cultivation trough suitable for cultivation of solanaceous fruit vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783403B CN102783403B CN2012102965607A CN201210296560A CN102783403B CN 102783403 B CN102783403 B CN 102783403B CN 2012102965607 A CN2012102965607 A CN 2012102965607A CN 201210296560 A CN201210296560 A CN 201210296560A CN 102783403 B CN102783403 B CN 102783403B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation trough suitable for cultivation of solanaceous fruit vegetables. The cultivation trough comprises a trough upper part, a trough bottom part, a seepage pipe, a heat insulating layer, a plastic thin film, a perlite layer, a non-woven fabric layer and an organic-inorganic mixed matrix, wherein the trough bottom part is connected to a lower end of the trough upper part; the seepage pipe is arranged at the bottommost end of the trough bottom part; the heat insulating layer is arranged on an inner surface of the trough upper part and the trough bottom part; the plastic thin film is paved on an inner surface of the heat insulating layer; the perlite layer is arranged at the trough bottom part; the non-woven fabric layer is arranged on the surface of the perlite layer; and the organic-inorganic mixed matrix is arranged in the trough upper part. The cultivation trough disclosed by the invention is mainly arranged underground and internally provided with the heat insulating layer, the plastic thin film and the perlite layer, therefore, the cultivation trough is functional in buffering temperature, influence to growth of solanaceous fruit vegetable crops due to high temperature of the matrix is avoided in summer and the solanaceous fruit vegetable crops can live through the winter, therefore, the cultivation trough ensures both yield and quality of the vegetables; and the cultivation trough has an improved water discharging function due to utilization of the perlite layer and the seepage pipe, as a result, moisture content of the organic-inorganic mixed matrix can be kept at 40%-65% which is most suitable for the growth of the crops.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the industrialized agriculture technical field, particularly relate to a kind of cultivating groove that is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables cultivation.
Background technology
Cultivation technique without soil is the technology that extensively adopts in world's industrialized agriculture, it obtains the optimum growth conditions of plant by changing natural environment, satisfy to greatest extent the needed various key elements of plant growth, thereby reach the increase crop yield, improve product quality, extend the season of growth, the purpose of increasing the benefit.Existing more than 100 countries are used for modern greenhouse production with cultivation technique without soil in the world at present, and soilless culture mainly is divided into three major types: substrate culture, water planting and mist training, wherein substrate culture is most widely used.The main device that substrate culture is applied to industrialized agriculture production veritably is cultivating groove, and minority adopts plastic bag cultivation (being called for short the bag training), plastic box to cultivate (being called for short the case training) or flowerpot cultivation (being called for short potted plant), and the latter is multiplex in sight-seeing agriculture.The cultivating groove that adopts in the industrialized agriculture soilless culture is produced mainly contains following several form:
1) underground cultivating groove that is: digs dark 20cm, the groove of wide 48cm, and separation 90cm, length 20m, the bottom land gradient is 3 ‰～5 ‰, low side is established gully or drain ditch, is used for unnecessary moisture in the discharging cultivating groove.Lay the plastic foil that is used for isolation soil in groove, after completing plastic foil, can spread in the bottom the thick rough sand of one deck 5cm, rough sand upper berth one deck can water-permeable and air permeable woven bag, namely can load cultivation matrix (Ningxia agriculture and forestry science and technology 2009 (6) 198) on woven bag.The structure of the cultivating groove of this form is the simplest, and cost is lower, but shortcoming is to be not suitable for the loose soil of soil property, and service time is short, and is very easy in operation trample on cultivating groove and makes its distortion.Be not suitable in addition the low coastal region of height above sea level, because of the rainy season of this area more concentrated, to rainy season underground water sharply rise, so be very easy to ponding in cultivating groove, water can be filled cultivating groove, thereby causes the underproduction or total crop failure.
2) brick structure ground cultivating groove, that is: select 24 * 12 * 5cm standard brick to make the cultivating groove framework, internal diameter 48cm, external diameter 72cm, high 15cm (3 layers of brick), length＜30m, separation (brick olo) 72cm, the thick 0.1mm of film, wide 80cm, thin film is between ground floor brick and second layer brick, and length is decided according to the length of cultivating groove.After groove is constructed, first at the thick rough sand of film upper berth one deck 5cm, then at the woven bag that rough sand upper berth one deck can water-permeable and air permeable, load cultivation matrix (Ningxia agriculture and forestry science and technology 2009 (6) 198) on woven bag.The cultivating groove of this form is to adopt horizontal 3 layers of brick one-tenth, the first more cost that increased of use brick, the second cultivating groove height only has 10cm, the thickness of cultivation matrix only has 5cm, and because the variation of winter or summer temp is larger, the temperature of matrix changes with variations in temperature in facility, summer, water supply in media was very easy to evaporation, in case insufficient water is easy to occur lack of water, thereby affect plant growth, so cumbersome in the management of water; Winter, on the ground cultivating groove was subjected to the impact of low temperature larger, and because of the thinner temperature of matrix reduce also fast, so to crop (particularly solanaceous vegetables) root growth, surviving the winter has certain influence, therefore be not suitable for especially obvious area of the four seasons.
3) high-level cultivating groove, this cultivating groove is arranged on the pallet of certain altitude, so that bookkeeping.Cultivating groove is comprised of two membranes, and about two membranes spacing 5cm, upper strata are black gardening ground cloth, and permeability is good, is beneficial to ventilating drainage, the carrying cultivation matrix, and the two ends closing in is fixed on pallet; Lower floor is transparent plastic film, closes up and also be fixed on pallet in two ends.Lower membrane one bottom section punches and is connected with return duct, and the return duct other end is connected with liquid storage tank, after in matrix, unnecessary nutrient solution drops onto lower membrane through upper strata cloth, flows back to liquid storage tank (the Changjiang river vegetables 2011 (06) 28-31) by return duct.This kind overhead system cultivating groove is only suitable for the short and small crops such as planting strawberry, and relatively high to the greenhouse experiment requirement, and cost is also high, therefore is not suitable for the cultivation of solanaceous vegetables.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of region, environment, climatic influences of being subjected to little, and the cultivating groove that is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables cultivation rational in infrastructure.
In order to achieve the above object, the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention comprises groove top, trench bottom, soakaway trench, heat-insulation layer, plastic film, pearl rock stratum, nonwoven layer and organic-inorganic mixed-matrix; Its middle slot top is the cuboid that upper and lower side is formed with opening, and its top 1/4 is positioned on the ground, all the other 3/4 be positioned at underground; The cross section of trench bottom is in the shape of the letter V, and its upper port is connected to the lower ending opening place on groove top; Soakaway trench is arranged on trench bottom along the length direction of cultivating groove and locates bottom, is formed with a plurality of permeable holes on it, and the outside is coated with nonwoven, and an end of soakaway trench is connected with drainage pipeline in the greenhouse, and drainage pipeline joins with underground liquid storing barrel or pond; Heat-insulation layer is arranged on the inner surface of groove top and trench bottom; Covering plastic thin film is on the inner surface of heat-insulation layer; The pearl rock stratum is arranged on trench bottom inside; Nonwoven layer is horizontally set on the surface of pearl rock stratum; The organic-inorganic mixed-matrix is arranged on the groove upper interior portion that is positioned at nonwoven layer top.
Described groove top is built into by the polylith brick-on-end, the brick one-tenth that trench bottom is tiltedly put by polylith.
Described soakaway trench is the pvc pipe of diameter 7-8cm, and a plurality of permeable holes on it are irregular arranges, and the diameter of permeable hole is 1cm.
The cystosepiment that described heat-insulation layer is 2cm by thickness consists of.
The thickness of described organic-inorganic mixed-matrix is more than or equal to 20cm.
In described nonwoven layer, nonwoven is quantitatively 30-40g/cm
2, the nonwoven that is coated on the soakaway trench outside quantitatively is 30g/cm
2
The thickness of described plastic film is 0.1mm.
The height on described groove top is 24cm, and the height of trench bottom is 12cm.
In the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention, most of groove top and whole trench bottom all are positioned at underground, and inside is provided with heat-insulation layer, plastic film and pearl rock stratum, therefore temperature had certain cushioning effect, can not affect because substrate temperature is high plant growth summer, even winter, outdoor temperature was-10 ℃ of left and right, two generation greenhouse solanaceous vegetables crop also can safe overwintering, therefore can guarantee the yield and quality of vegetables.In addition, this cultivating groove is to utilize pearl rock stratum and the soakaway trench of V font trench bottom inside to improve drain function, so the water content that can make the organic-inorganic mixed-matrix remains on the 40-65% of optimum plant growth, through evidence for many years, this cultivating groove improves more than 22% than the tomato yield of flat cultivating groove, the solubility pol has improved 8%-10%, and vitamin C has on average improved 9.8%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cultivating groove transverse sectional view that is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is soakaway trench and be coated on the nonwoven fabric construct schematic diagram of soakaway trench outside in the cultivating groove shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the cultivating groove that is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention is elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention comprises groove top 1, trench bottom 10, soakaway trench 4, heat-insulation layer 2, plastic film 3, pearl rock stratum 6, nonwoven layer 7 and organic-inorganic mixed-matrix 8; Its middle slot top 1 is formed with the cuboid of opening for upper and lower side, its top 1/4 is positioned on the ground, and all the other 3/4 are positioned at undergroundly, be built into by the polylith brick-on-end, and be highly 24cm; The cross section of trench bottom 10 is in the shape of the letter V, and its upper port is connected to the lower ending opening place on groove top 1, by the brick one-tenth that polylith is tiltedly put, is highly 12cm; Soakaway trench 4 is arranged on trench bottom 10 along the length direction of cultivating groove and locates bottom, is the pvc pipe of diameter 7-8cm, is formed with on it a plurality ofly to be irregular and to arrange and diameter is the permeable hole 9 of 1cm, and the outside is coated with and quantitatively is 30g/cm
2Nonwoven 5, and an end of soakaway trench 4 is connected with drainage pipeline in the greenhouse, drainage pipeline joins with underground liquid storing barrel or pond; Heat-insulation layer 2 is arranged on the inner surface of groove top 1 and trench bottom 10, and the cystosepiment that is 2cm by thickness consists of; Plastic film 3 is laid on the inner surface of heat-insulation layer 2, and thickness is 0.1mm; Pearl rock stratum 6 is arranged on trench bottom 10 inside; Nonwoven layer 7 is horizontally set on the surface of pearl rock stratum 6, and on it, nonwoven is quantitatively 30-40g/cm
28 of organic-inorganic mixed-matrixes are arranged on 1 inside, groove top that is positioned at nonwoven layer 7 tops, and thickness is more than or equal to 20cm.
Now the cultivating groove using method that is suitable for the solanaceous vegetables cultivation provided by the invention is described below: at first the root system with solanaceous vegetables is planted in organic-inorganic mixed-matrix 8.In planting process, water the water that is filled on vegetables or a nutrient solution part by its root absorption, unnecessary water or nutrient solution flow into pearl rock stratum 6 by organic-inorganic mixed-matrix 8 and nonwoven layer 7, then by pearl rock stratum 6, and then the inside of the 9 inflow soakaway trenchs 4 of the permeable hole on nonwoven 5 and soakaway trench 4, enter in underground liquid storing barrel or pond by drainage pipeline at last.Wherein the effect of nonwoven layer 7 is to filter, and it allows, and in organic-inorganic mixed-matrix 8, unnecessary water or nutrient solution passes through, and matrix granule can not pass through.The effect of nonwoven 5 is also to filter, and it allows to flow into water in pearl rock stratum 6 or nutrient solution by permeable hole 9, prevents that perlite particle from stopping up permeable hole 9.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is suitable for the cultivating groove that solanaceous vegetables is cultivated, and it is characterized in that: described cultivating groove comprises groove top (1), trench bottom (10), soakaway trench (4), heat-insulation layer (2), plastic film (3), pearl rock stratum (6), nonwoven layer (7) and organic-inorganic mixed-matrix (8); Its middle slot top (1) is formed with the cuboid of opening for upper and lower side, its top 1/4 is positioned on the ground, all the other 3/4 be positioned at underground; The cross section of trench bottom (10) is in the shape of the letter V, and its upper port is connected to the lower ending opening place on groove top (1); Soakaway trench (4) is arranged on trench bottom (10) along the length direction of cultivating groove and locates bottom, be formed with a plurality of permeable holes (9) on it, the outside is coated with nonwoven (5), and an end of soakaway trench (4) is connected with the drainage pipeline in the greenhouse, and drainage pipeline joins with underground liquid storing barrel or pond; Heat-insulation layer (2) is arranged on the inner surface of groove top (1) and trench bottom (10); Plastic film (3) is laid on the inner surface of heat-insulation layer (2); Pearl rock stratum (6) is arranged on trench bottom (10) inside; Nonwoven layer (7) is horizontally set on the surface of pearl rock stratum (6); Organic-inorganic mixed-matrix (8) is arranged on the inside, groove top (1) that is positioned at nonwoven layer (7) top; Described soakaway trench (4) is the pvc pipe of diameter 7-8cm, and a plurality of permeable holes (9) on it are irregular arranges, and the diameter of permeable hole (9) is 1cm; The cystosepiment that described heat-insulation layer (2) is 2cm by thickness consists of; In described nonwoven layer (7), nonwoven is quantitatively 30-40g/cm
2, be coated on the outside nonwoven (5) of soakaway trench (4) and quantitatively be 30g/cm
2The thickness of described plastic film (3) is 0.1mm.
2. the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described groove top (1) is built into by the polylith brick-on-end, the brick one-tenth that trench bottom (10) is tiltedly put by polylith.
3. the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the thickness of described organic-inorganic mixed-matrix (8) is more than or equal to 20cm.
4. the cultivating groove that is suitable for solanaceous vegetables cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the height on described groove top (1) is 24cm, the height of trench bottom (10) is 12cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012102965607A CN102783403B (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2012-08-20 | Cultivation trough suitable for cultivation of solanaceous fruit vegetables |
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| CN2012102965607A CN102783403B (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2012-08-20 | Cultivation trough suitable for cultivation of solanaceous fruit vegetables |
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| CN102783403A CN102783403A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
| CN102783403B true CN102783403B (en) | 2013-06-05 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103026956A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-10 | 北京林业大学 | Groove type soilless cultivating method for paeonia lactiflora pall cutting flowers |
| CN103250622A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-08-21 | 王强 | Water absorption soilless cultivation device |
| CN103858703B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-25 | 李力 | A kind of biological degradation planting greenhouse |
| CN103988770B (en) * | 2014-06-08 | 2017-01-04 | 云南睿智农业科技有限公司 | The soilless culture method of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in greenhouse |
| CN105191605A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-30 | 单县绿丰种业有限公司 | Tomato cultivation method |
| CN105660346A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-15 | 镇江培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 | Soilless organic cultivation underground tank and application thereof |
| CN107242122A (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2017-10-13 | 贵州山乡原生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of survive the winter method for culturing seedlings of solanaceous vegetables in high Humid Area |
| CN107801625A (en) * | 2017-11-11 | 2018-03-16 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of ladder combined type solid cultivation system |
| CN108811909A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽云维信息科技有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse humidity control apparatus |
| CN108651071B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2024-05-14 | 永春县康绿隆果蔬有限公司 | Matrix-embedded overhead ground-buried overwintering cultivation system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2227401Y (en) * | 1993-11-13 | 1996-05-22 | 山东农业大学 | Soil-less cultivation device with circulating liquid supply by porous trough |
| CN2826975Y (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2006-10-18 | 李永康 | Soilless, hidden irrigation type culturing device for greenhouse |
| CN101473775A (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2009-07-08 | 昆明锦苑花卉产业有限责任公司 | Greenhouse high-efficient agriculture cultivation and rich water cyclic utilization method |
| CN101743896B (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2011-06-08 | 中国农业大学 | Soilless culture system |
| CN101731132A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2010-06-16 | 平湖市金稼园农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture method of fruits and vegetables by using non-woven bag as substrate |
| CN201733687U (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2011-02-09 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所 | Improved substrate cultivation tank |
| CN201667884U (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2010-12-15 | 山东农业大学 | Matrix cultivation tank device |
| CN201839677U (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2011-05-25 | 印文彪 | Novel soilless culture device |
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