CN102762890A - 离合式飞轮变速器 - Google Patents

离合式飞轮变速器 Download PDF

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CN102762890A
CN102762890A CN2010800605574A CN201080060557A CN102762890A CN 102762890 A CN102762890 A CN 102762890A CN 2010800605574 A CN2010800605574 A CN 2010800605574A CN 201080060557 A CN201080060557 A CN 201080060557A CN 102762890 A CN102762890 A CN 102762890A
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gear
clutch
gear train
flywheel
recovery system
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CN102762890B (zh
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道格拉斯·克罗斯
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Bangzhi Flywheel Co., Ltd.
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Flybrid Automotive Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/091—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft
    • F16H3/0915—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears including a single countershaft with coaxial input and output shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
    • F16H57/043—Guidance of lubricant within rotary parts, e.g. axial channels or radial openings in shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0473—Friction devices, e.g. clutches or brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/04—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/044—Smoothing ratio shift when a freewheel device is disengaged or bridged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/04—Smoothing ratio shift
    • F16H2061/0462—Smoothing ratio shift by controlling slip rate during gear shift transition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19614—Disconnecting means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的能量存储和恢复系统设备（2），包括飞轮（4）、第一齿轮组和第二齿轮组（4；6）和多个湿式多片离合器（10,12,14），其中每个齿轮组（4；6）之一沿离合器轴（34,36,38）与离合器（10,12,14）之一同轴设置，并且其中设备（2）被联接到车辆变速器，从而离合器的致动通过齿轮重新引导转矩路径，由此能够实现多种传动比并因此实现多种速度。

Description

离合式飞轮变速器
技术领域
本申请涉及一种在车辆中使用的自备式能量存储和恢复系统（ESRS）设备，具体涉及一种包括高速飞轮，即例如在申请人的GB2449117号专利中公开的能以大于每分钟20,000转的速度运行的飞轮的ESRS设备。
背景技术
目前已知的机械ESRS设备包括无级变速器（CVT）以在飞轮和车辆之间传递转矩。基于CVT的ESRS设备中的转矩传递的效率取决于功率，且仅在高功率水平时展示高效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种机械ESRS设备，其比现有技术实施例更小、更轻且便宜，而且例如其可被有效地安装到比迄今可能存在的车辆功率小且更轻的车辆。
因此，第一方面，本发明提供一种如权利要求1所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备。
第二方面，本发明提供一种车辆，包括传动轴，其中根据本发明第一方面的ESRS设备被安装联接到该传动轴。
本发明的优点在于，多个可用传动比与离合器打滑的能力相结合，提供与现有技术实施例的CVT的高度接近，因此导致例如大约65%的高的往复效率，但是节省重量和费用。而且，该设备能从一个离合器平稳地改变到另一个离合器，因此消除转矩不连续的可能性。
本发明的另一优点在于该设备能变更改进到现有车辆上。
而且，通过基于离合器的变速器的转矩传递的效率与被传递的功率完全无关。
该设备在无转矩中断的情况下允许从一个齿轮到另一个齿轮的无缝传递，还不需要变速机构。而且，在每个离合器上打滑的持续期间维持在短的持续期间，由此导致更简单的热管理。
优选地，多个离合器为湿式多片离合器，其中冷却油流被供应到每个离合器的中心。离合器的温度由此可维持在可接受的水平，由此延长离合器的寿命。
优选地，当齿轮齿脱离啮合时，通过喷射器供给润滑剂，由此控制齿轮齿的温度，否则由于飞轮的高运转速度将导致齿轮齿的温度较高，并还确保良好的润滑。
优选地，每个齿轮与齿轮中的对应的一个同轴定位，且各个离合器为位于相应的齿轮之间的同轴安装的湿式多片离合器。
优选地，ESRS设备的重量小于20kg，由此使其中安装有该ESRS设备的车辆的效率最优化。
第二方面，本发明提供一种车辆，包括变速器输入轴，其中根据本发明第一方面的能量存储和恢复设备被联接到该轴。
附图说明
现在将通过示例方式并参照相应附图描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1为根据本发明的ESRS设备的前视图；
图2为图1的ESRS设备的等角透视图；
图3为通过图1的截面A-A的剖视图；
图4为图1的离合器的润滑系统的前视图；
图5为通过图4的截面A-A的剖视图；以及
图6为图4的润滑系统的喷射器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图3，本发明包括能量存储和恢复系统（ESRS）设备2。该设备2包括飞轮4、第一齿轮组6、第二齿轮组8、多个湿式多片离合器10、12、14和离合器轴34、36、38。第一齿轮组6通过安装在飞轮侧的第一空转齿轮100始终啮合输入轴16，第二齿轮组8通过安装在车辆侧的第二空转齿轮102始终啮合输出轴17。
该设备通常被联接到车辆发动机与车辆变速器之间的转矩路径。
飞轮4的输出轴24连接到第一齿轮组6的输入轴16，第二齿轮组8的输出轴17被设置用于联接到车辆自身的齿轮箱的输入轴（未图示）。将理解，ESRS设备的本质，能量流入并输出飞轮，由此关于设备的术语输入和输出的使用根据操作模式（即，能量被存储在飞轮中或从飞轮释放）在大多数情况下可以颠倒。
第一齿轮组6被定位为邻近飞轮，第二齿轮组8远离飞轮，离合器10、12、14如下所述位于在第一齿轮组6与第二齿轮组8之间。
第一齿轮组包括彼此永久啮合的三个齿轮18、20、22（22位于图3的后部，因此未示出），第二齿轮组也包括彼此永久啮合的三个齿轮19、21、23。每个齿轮组6、8中的一个齿轮位于每个离合器10、12、14的任一侧，使得每组的每个齿轮具有专用离合器，即，在每个离合器轴上安装有第一齿轮组6之一、离合器10、12、14之一和第二齿轮组8之一。齿轮18、20、22中的每个与齿轮19、21、23中对应的一个同轴定位，并且各个离合器10、12、14为位于相应的齿轮之间的同轴安装的湿式多片离合器。
离合器10、12、14通常为打开的、传统的湿式多片包括第一片组28和第二片组30。每个离合器10、12、14分别通过与每个离合器10、12、14关联的致动器40、42、44而可单独地致动（致动器44位于图3的后部，因而未示出）。致动器40、42或44通过包括轴承52的加载路径将离合器片28、30推动到一起，因此，致动器40、42、44不需要旋转。致动器40、42、44在离合器片28、30上产生法向力，从而增加离合器10、12或14中的转矩，根据的方程式为：
F=μ×N
（F=在平均摩擦半径处的摩擦力，μ=离合器片的摩擦系数，N=由致动器提供的法向力）。
作用在平均摩擦半径处的摩擦力F提供离合器10、12或14的摩擦转矩。
在飞轮4将能量传递到车辆变速器的情况下，离合器10、12或14的飞轮侧46具有高于车辆侧48的旋转速度。由来自致动器40、42或44的压力关闭离合器10、12或14导致能量在等于摩擦转矩乘以离合器10、12或14的飞轮侧46的速度的功率（Watts=Nm×Rad/sec）下损失。到达车辆处的功率等于摩擦转矩乘以离合器的车辆侧的速度。因离合器发热而损失的功率为摩擦转矩乘以离合器10、12或14两侧的转速差。因此，效率仅为离合器两侧的速度差的函数，而不是能量传递率的函数。
当离合器10、12或14之一被致动时，转矩路径通过第一齿轮组6沿着与被致动的离合器10、12或14关联的离合器轴34、36或38并通过第二齿轮组8被重新引导。
在设备2的正常操作中，一个离合器10、12、14通常打滑以提供从飞轮4到车辆变速器的转矩传递，反之亦然。当所选择的离合器两侧的速度降低到接近零时，通过将压力施加到新的离合器并将压力从当前离合器移除而以平稳方式选择下一个最接近的比率。
由于每个齿轮18、20、22具有对应的离合器，从一个齿轮到另一个齿轮的无缝传递被实现，而没有转矩中断。而且每个离合器10、12、14上的打滑时间仅维持短时间。致动器压力可取决于（典型地成比例于）车辆的制动或加速转矩以提供相关离合器的受控打滑并还可降低液压泵的附加损失。
因为离合器10、12、14可单独致动，因此，多个离合器可同时致动。多个离合器的致动可促使每个致动的离合器打滑，由此控制传送到飞轮的能量的量以避免超速状况或降低飞轮4的速度。能量作为热量在离合器中提取的冷却润滑剂中消散。该操作模式具有通过主变速器提供额外车辆制动的效果，从而例如有助于维持与能量被增加到飞轮的模式相似的制动平衡。
在这种实施例中，设备2能以三种传动比运行，虽然也能提供其他数量的传动比。因此，可用速度的总数为三乘以在主车辆变速器中可用的速度的数量，即五速车辆变速器将导致在车轮与设备飞轮之间产生的总共15种可用的速度，六速变速器导致18种总速度，七速变速器导致21种总速度。
因此，通过同时控制或读取车辆的变速器控制模块（TCM）以选择主变速器中的合适齿轮，并通过控制设备2的传动比，为了最佳效率离合器10、12、14中必要的打滑可被最小化。然后可选择总比率以在能量存储模式期间存储飞轮中的能量（通过选择传动比将其加速），或在能量恢复模式期间通过将飞轮通过设备的齿轮加载到车辆的主变速器输入轴而逐渐使飞轮降速而提取能量。
虽然通过合适的控制策略离合器打滑被最小，但是湿式离合器被用于允许从离合器很好地提取热量。设备2包括离合器润滑和冷却系统60，用于将冷却油流供给到每个离合器10、12、14的中心以控制离合器温度。离合器润滑系统的实施例在图4和图5中例示。油通过每个离合器轴34、36、38的中心孔62被供给，并当离合器轴34、36、38旋转时以均匀的方式通过孔64被分配。通道66允许油进入离合器片28、30的空隙。
而且，离合器的每侧通常旋转（一侧具有飞轮，另一侧具有车辆变速器输入轴），从而有助于分配冷却润滑剂。
设备2还包括齿轮润滑系统70，如图6中例示。齿轮润滑系统包括喷射器72和74，当齿轮齿76脱离啮合时，喷射器72和74将油瞄准齿轮齿76。由于飞轮的高运转速度引起齿轮内的高温度，所以齿轮齿通过润滑器的温度控制是特别重要的。

Claims (9)

1.一种能量存储和恢复系统设备，包括齿轮箱，其中所述齿轮箱包括第一齿轮组和第二齿轮组，该第一齿轮组包括通过安装在飞轮侧轴上的第一空转齿轮而彼此永久啮合的齿轮，该第二齿轮组包括通过安装在车辆侧轴上的第二空转齿轮而彼此永久啮合的齿轮，并且其中所述第一齿轮组中的每个齿轮对应于所述第二齿轮组中的单个齿轮，并被单个专用离合器连续地分离，
其中所述飞轮侧轴能联接到被设置用于能量存储的飞轮，所述车辆侧轴能联接到常规的车辆变速器，并且其中每个离合器具有第一侧和第二侧，其中每个离合器的所述第一侧被连接到所述第一齿轮组并被设置为与所述第一齿轮组旋转，并且其中每个离合器的所述第二侧被连接到所述第二齿轮组并被设置为与所述第二齿轮组旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备，其中所述离合器为湿式多片离合器。
3.一种能量存储和恢复系统设备，其中润滑剂被供应到每个离合器的中心。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备，其中当齿轮齿与所述第一空转齿轮或所述第二空转齿轮脱离啮合时，润滑剂通过喷射器被供给到该齿轮齿。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备，其中所述第一齿轮组中的每个齿轮与其专用离合器并与所述第二齿轮组中的对应的齿轮被同轴定位。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备，其中所述设备被联接到用于能量存储的飞轮，并且其中所述设备与所述飞轮具有小于20kg的组合重量。
7.一种包括变速器输入轴的车辆，其中根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的能量存储和恢复系统设备被联接到所述车辆变速器输入轴。
8.一种基本如以上描述并参照附图的能量存储和恢复系统设备。
9.一种基本如以上描述并参照附图的车辆。
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