CN102756062B - A kind of forging method of high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect - Google Patents
A kind of forging method of high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to forging field, is exactly specifically a kind of forging method of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect.The present invention adopts numerical simulation technology to study the distribution situation of blank internal strain in traditional open die forging process, proposes the radial compaction process of wide anvil: 1) use dull and stereotyped as upper and lower anvil, adopts the radial compaction process of wide anvil to depress blank; 2) after the radial compacting of wide anvil, blank is melted down and reheats and be incubated; 3) blank is overturn 90 °, use upper and lower flat anvil to pull out.The present invention is applicable to the open die forging process of various larger ratio of height to diameter blank (as continuous casting billet) or larger ratio of height to diameter steel ingot etc., especially has good effect for the larger ratio of height to diameter blank that center porosity is serious.The forging that the present invention produces can ensure the healing of larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, greatly reduces the possibility that forging is scrapped because center porosity does not forge conjunction, and can manufacture larger sized forging because reduction ratio is less.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forging field, be exactly specifically a kind of forging method of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, it is applicable to the open die forging process of various larger ratio of height to diameter blank (as continuous casting billet) or larger ratio of height to diameter steel ingot etc.
Background technology
Forging is the important procedure in most of metal material processing process, forging internal soundness can be improved by forging, i.e. broken as-cast structure, crystal grain thinning, uniform formation, and wrought alloy belong to produce in smelting process shrinkage cavity, pore and the defect such as loose, raising forging quality is had great significance.
Steel ingot can produce the hole type defects such as shrinkage cavity, loose, pore in cast and process of setting subsequently.After pouring metal melt to ingot mould, first the molten metal contacted with ingot mould will solidify, and the metal in heart portion is because heat transfer is slowly by final set.Region, steel ingot heart portion will form mushy zone gradually, and now Steel ingot feeder head top surface has solidified, cause to carry out feeding to heart portion, finally forming shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose along the region, heart portion of ingot axis, these defects due to size larger, effective Forging Technology must be used to be forged conjunction, otherwise the serious consequence that will one integral piece caused to scrap, cause great economic loss.Equally, concerning continuous casting billet, feeding is carried out to its central pipe is loose owing to there is no rising head, therefore usually there is serious penetrability shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect in its central area, common Forging Technology is adopted to be difficult to make it effectively heal, usually can only use its forging cylinder class, pipe type element, this just seriously limits its scope of application.
From the angle changing forging internal stress state, researcher proposes WHF(wide anvil heavy reduction forging method), the asymmetric flat anvil forging method of FM() and JTS(J. T. S Forging) etc. multiple pulling method.In the process proposing these methods, people have recognized and use wide anvil can more effectively to heal the center porosity of blank, but the wide limited strain causing heart portion to obtain of the anvil of these pulling methods is less, is still not enough to the center porosity of forging conjunction blank completely.As shown in Figure 1, the equivalent strain field pattern of the employing WHF method pulling larger ratio of height to diameter blank obtained by finite element modelling, strain in the axial direction that Strain Distribution is uneven as seen from the figure, leave between twice pressure and connect anvil region, the strain in this region is very little, become distortion dead band, make these forging methods effectively cannot forge the hole type defect of closing in this region.Its ratio of height to diameters such as larger ratio of height to diameter blank (as continuous casting billet) or larger ratio of height to diameter steel ingot are greater than 2, cannot use upset forging process, directly can only pull out it.
This just causes its forging smaller, and center strain is not enough, and connecing existence distortion dead band, anvil region, is difficult to effectively heal center porosity.And if increase forging ratio, forging final diameter can be caused less, limit its scope of application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forging method of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, to solve conjunction larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type of cannot forging the completely defect that current forging method causes, the problem that especially axis is loose.The forging method adopting the present invention to formulate, can ensure the healing effect of larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, greatly reduce forging because of center porosity do not forge close and cannot by flaw detection cause scrapping may.And because reduction ratio is less compared with traditional handicraft, use the blank of same size can manufacture the larger forging of diameter.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention proposes a kind of forging method of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, comprise the steps:
1) ratio of height to diameter is greater than to 2, cannot uses the larger ratio of height to diameter blank of upset forging process, use dull and stereotyped as upper and lower anvil, adopt the radial compaction process of wide anvil to depress blank, the reduction ratio in the radial compacting process of wide anvil is 20% ~ 40%;
2) after the radial compacting of wide anvil, blank is melted down and reheats to material forging temperature and be incubated;
3) blank is overturn 90 °, use upper and lower flat anvil to adopt conventional method to pull out.
In described step 1), upper and lower anvil all uses flat board, carries out the radial compacting of wide anvil to blank, and its pressure direction is the pressure direction in conventional pulling method.This is a upsetting process strictly speaking, but its pressure direction is identical with pulling process, claims such process to be the radial compacting of wide anvil in the present invention.
In described step 1), when blank is cylinder, its pressure direction is the diametric(al) along cylinder blank.
In described step 1), reduction ratio computing formula is:
Reduction ratio=Δ H/H
Wherein, Δ H is when lower anvil is not subjected to displacement, the distance of upper anvil pressure in forging process; H is blank original height; Blank be cylinder and pressure direction diametrically time, then H gets diameter dimension.
Described step 2) in, after the radial compacting of wide anvil terminates, blank reheated to material forging temperature and be incubated, temperature retention time more than 2 hours, with reduce follow-up pulling process resistance of deformation and make the hole type defect closed have more fully the time healing.
Described step 2) in, after the radial compacting of wide anvil, steel ingot is flat side's shape.
Described step 2) in, temperature retention time more than 2 hours, with reduce follow-up pulling process resistance of deformation and make the hole type defect closed have more fully the time healing.
In described step 3), after the radial compacting of wide anvil, blank is overturn 90 °, use WHF method or FM method to carry out pulling two and plow secondary, each reduction ratio is 20%; After terminating at two times times, continue blank pulling to process.
the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the forging method of a kind of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect of the present invention's proposition, the method is compared with the conventional pulling methods such as WHF method or FM method, can greatly increase blank internal strain, thus be conducive to the healing of blank inner void type defect, greatly reduce forging because of center porosity do not forge close and cannot by flaw detection cause scrapping may.
2, the forging method of a kind of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect of the present invention's proposition, the method can use less reduction ratio to ensure the healing of blank inner void type defect.Compared with traditional handicraft, use the method can obtain the larger qualified forging of diameter when billet size is certain, greatly extend the range of application of forging.
3, the present invention adopts numerical simulation technology to have studied the distribution situation of blank internal strain in traditional open die forging process, and propose the radial compaction process of a kind of wide anvil on this basis, this technique can make strain concentrate on blank heart portion, uses less reduction ratio just can effectively to heal the hole type defect of blank inside.
4, the radial compaction process of wide anvil that the present invention proposes is applicable to the open die forging process of the various larger ratio of height to diameter blanks that cannot adopt upset forging process, especially has good effect for the larger ratio of height to diameter blank that center porosity is serious.
In a word, the forging adopting this method to produce, can ensure the healing of larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, greatly reduces the possibility that forging is scrapped because center porosity does not forge conjunction, and can manufacture larger sized forging because reduction ratio is less.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the equivalent strain field pattern that the employing WHF method obtained by finite element modelling pulls out larger ratio of height to diameter blank.
Fig. 2-4 is forging schematic flow sheet, wherein:
Fig. 2 is larger ratio of height to diameter blank form schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b is the radial compacting process schematic diagram of the wide anvil of blank.Fig. 3 a is front view, and Fig. 3 b is left view.
Fig. 4 a and Fig. 4 b is that blank uses WHF method pulling process schematic.Fig. 4 a is front view, and Fig. 4 b is left view.
Fig. 5 is the equivalent strain field pattern in the embodiment obtained by finite element modelling after the radial compacting of wide anvil.
In figure, 1-larger ratio of height to diameter blank (steel ingot or continuous casting billet etc.); 2-blank; The upper flat plate that the radial compacting of the wide anvil of 3-uses; The lower flat board that the radial compacting of the wide anvil of 4-uses; The upper flat anvil that the pulling of 5-WHF method uses; The lower flat anvil that the pulling of 6-WHF method uses.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention proposes a kind of forging method of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, be called the radial compacting of wide anvil, comprise the steps:
1) after the techniques such as pressing tongs handle, chamfered edge, the unnecessary rising head of excision terminate, larger ratio of height to diameter blank (steel ingot or continuous casting billet etc.) 1, its ratio of height to diameter is greater than 2(and is generally≤and 10), as shown in Figure 3 a and Figure 3 b shows, tubular blank 2 axis is placed in the horizontal direction on lower dull and stereotyped 4 of the radial compacting use of wide anvil, the upper flat plate 3 pairs of blanks using the radial compacting of wide anvil to use carry out the radial compacting of wide anvil, and face vertical in definition figure is A face.In the radial compacting process of wide anvil, its pressure direction is the diametric(al) along cylinder blank, the pressure direction namely in conventional pulling method.Strictly speaking, this is a upsetting process, but due to its pressure direction with pulling process identical, claim in the present invention such process be wide anvil radial direction compacting.
Reduction ratio in the radial compacting process of this wide anvil is 20 ~ 40%, i.e. the pressure distance of the upper flat plate 3 of the radial compacting use of wide anvil is 20 ~ 40% of blank 2 original height (or diameter), and reduction ratio computing formula is:
Reduction ratio=Δ H/H
Wherein, Δ H is the distance (when lower anvil is not subjected to displacement) of upper anvil pressure in forging process, and H is blank original height, if blank is cylinder and depress direction diametrically, then gets diameter dimension.
2) after the radial compacting of wide anvil terminates, blank reheated to the conventional forging temperature of material and be incubated, temperature retention time (was generally 2-20 hour) more than 2 hours, to reduce the resistance of deformation of follow-up pulling process and to make the hole type defect closed have time healing more fully.
3) conventional method such as WHF method or FM method is used to carry out follow-up pulling process.As shown in figures 4 a and 4b, WHF method is used to pull out blank 2.First blank 2 is overturn 90 °, make A face forward horizontal direction to, be placed on the lower flat anvil 6 of WHF method pulling use by blank 2 near one end of pincers handle, the upper flat anvil 5 using the pulling of WHF method to use is in correspondence position pressure, and reduction ratio is 20%.Afterwards, the upper flat anvil 5 that the pulling of WHF method uses is lifted, blank 2 is moved to left shown in Fig. 4 b, displacement is slightly less than the width (displacement is more than 80% of upper flat anvil width) of the upper flat anvil 5 that the pulling of WHF method uses, again depressed by the upper flat anvil 5 that the pulling of WHF method uses, reduction ratio is 20%.Repeat the end that this process is depressed into blank always, this process is called one time time.Make to use the same method along same direction after completing at first time time the pulling carrying out second time time.After terminating at two times times, continue to adopt routine techniques to use suitable instrument by blank pulling to process.
embodiment 1
The larger ratio of height to diameter blank that the present embodiment uses for continuous casting billet 9, its original size be Φ 600mm × 2000mm, ratio of height to diameter is 3.33, and material is S45C+B, and larger ratio of height to diameter blank heavily about 4.4 tons, blank heating temperature is 1200 DEG C.Because continuous casting billet ratio of height to diameter of the ingot is comparatively large, upset forging process cannot be used to it, can only direct drawing out.First use the radial compacting of wide anvil to depress, melted down after being pressed into flat side and be heated to 1200 DEG C and be incubated 3 hours.Fig. 5 is the blank equivalent strain field pattern of the wide anvil of the use radial compacting obtained by finite element modelling when depressing 20%, and as seen from the figure, the strain of the radial compacting of wide anvil concentrates on the centre of blank, can reach more than 0.4.And as shown in Figure 1, even if use the blank of WHF method pulling to be also only 0.28 in the strain of strain concentration zones.This illustrates and uses the radial compacting of wide anvil that strain can be made to concentrate on blank heart portion, and very even, without distortion dead band, is very beneficial for the healing of center porosity.After insulation terminates, blank is overturn 90 ° and adopt WHF methods to carry out pulling two time time, each reduction ratio is 20%.After terminating at two times times, continue blank to pull out and fall circle to Φ 385mm.After forging completes, detect a flaw according to comparatively strict GB/T6402-1991 secondary standard.Result of detection shows, and 9 the continuous casting billet qualification rates adopting the radial compacting of wide anvil are 100%.
comparative example
This comparative example and embodiment use 9 continuous casting billets of same batch, the wide KD anvil of 600mm (upper flat anvil and lower V-type anvil) is used directly to pull out, fall circle again to Φ 385mm, other condition is identical with embodiment, because KD anvil anvil is wide limited, connecing existence distortion dead band, anvil region, must Strain Distribution just can be made more even by wrong half anvil in the pulling of lower a time like this, but the accumulation of two passages make blank diameter less compared with heavy reduction rate, the forging of minor diameter can only be made.Blank pulled out and falls circle to Φ 385mm, detecting a flaw according to GB/T6402-1991 secondary standard after forging completes.Result of detection shows, and 9 the continuous casting billet qualification rates adopting KD anvil directly to carry out pulling out are 55.6%.
embodiment 2
The larger ratio of height to diameter blank that the present embodiment uses is steel ingot, and its original size is Φ 1000mm × 3000mm, and ratio of height to diameter is 3, and material is No. 45 steel, and larger ratio of height to diameter blank heavily about 18 tons, blank heating temperature is 1200 DEG C.There is comparatively serious shrinkage cavity to loosen at steel ingot center.Because steel ingot ratio of height to diameter of the ingot is comparatively large, upset forging process cannot be used to it, can only direct drawing out.First use the radial compacting of wide anvil to depress, melted down after being pressed into flat side and be heated to 1200 DEG C and be incubated 5 hours.After insulation terminates, blank is overturn 90 ° and adopt WHF methods to carry out pulling two time time, each reduction ratio is 20%.After terminating at two times times, continue blank to pull out and fall circle to Φ 600mm.After forging completes, detect a flaw according to comparatively strict GB/T6402-1991 secondary standard.Result of detection shows, and adopts the steel ingot of the radial compacting of wide anvil qualified.
Embodiment result shows, the forging method of a kind of little reduction ratio high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect that the present invention proposes, current conventional forging method can be solved and cannot forge conjunction larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect completely, the especially problem of center porosity.Adopt the forging method that the present invention formulates, the healing effect of larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect can be ensured, greatly reduce forging because of center porosity do not forge close and cannot by flaw detection cause scrapping may, and because reduction ratio is less compared with traditional handicraft, use the blank of same size can manufacture the larger forging of diameter.
Claims (1)
1. a forging method for high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) ratio of height to diameter is greater than to the blank of 2 also≤10, uses dull and stereotyped as upper and lower anvil, adopt the radial compaction process of wide anvil to depress blank, the reduction ratio in the radial compacting process of wide anvil is 20% ~ 40%;
2) after the radial compacting of wide anvil, blank is melted down and reheats to material forging temperature and be incubated;
3) blank is overturn 90 °, use upper and lower flat anvil to adopt WHF method or FM method to pull out;
In described step 1), upper and lower anvil all uses flat board, carries out the radial compacting of wide anvil to blank, and its pressure direction is the pressure direction in conventional pulling method;
In described step 1), when blank is cylinder, its pressure direction is the diametric(al) along cylinder blank;
Described step 2) in, after the radial compacting of wide anvil terminates, blank reheated to material forging temperature and be incubated, temperature retention time is more than 2 hours, to reduce the resistance of deformation of follow-up pulling process and to make the hole type defect closed have time healing more fully, after the radial compacting of wide anvil, steel ingot is flat side's shape;
In described step 3), after the radial compacting of wide anvil, blank is overturn 90 °, use WHF method or FM method to carry out pulling two and plow secondary, each reduction ratio is 20%; Make to use the same method along same direction after completing at first time time the pulling carrying out second time time; After terminating at two times times, continue blank pulling to process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210225394.1A CN102756062B (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | A kind of forging method of high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect |
| PCT/CN2012/081732 WO2013041043A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2012-09-21 | Forging method for high-efficiency closing of porous defects in steel ingots or billets |
| EP12833320.0A EP2762247A4 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2012-09-21 | Forging method for high-efficiency closing of porous defects in steel ingots or billets |
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| CN201210225394.1A CN102756062B (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2012-07-02 | A kind of forging method of high efficiency healing larger ratio of height to diameter blank inner void type defect |
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| CN104057006A (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2014-09-24 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Forging method for reducing center looseness of steel ingot |
| CN104607463A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-05-13 | 徐州工程学院 | Novel method for healing center porosity of cast-rolled 5052 aluminum alloy |
| CN105834346B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2017-11-03 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of forging method for the steel ingot inner void type defect that efficiently healed using small pressure |
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| CN101332484A (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2008-12-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Die forging method of high-temperature alloy |
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