CN107199443A - A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank - Google Patents
A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN107199443A CN107199443A CN201710445853.XA CN201710445853A CN107199443A CN 107199443 A CN107199443 A CN 107199443A CN 201710445853 A CN201710445853 A CN 201710445853A CN 107199443 A CN107199443 A CN 107199443A
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- forging
- hardened
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- tempered steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/20—Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to engine link field, and in particular to combined forming process is forged in a kind of casting suitable for automobile engine non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod forging blank；Comprise the following steps：A) melting non-hardened and tempered steel；B) castable connecting rod casting base：Melted non-hardened and tempered steel molten metal is injected in casting mould by running gate system, mold filling and solidification casts out casting base；C) casting base is cooled down into knockout：It is air-cooled to knockout after normal temperature；D) removing surface：Clear up dead head, burr and the sand on casting base surface；E) casting base is heated；F) die-forging forming：Casting base after heating is put into forging mold and finally shaped；G) by forging bar trimming；H) forging bar is regulated and controled to cool down；The autoform combination process that the present invention is used, can disposably obtain the connecting rod of nearly finished product, can effectively reduce energy consumption, improve production efficiency；The present invention uses non-hardened and tempered steel, eliminates follow-up modifier treatment, therefore have the advantages that energy-conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to engine link field, and in particular to one kind is applied to automobile engine non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod forging
The casting forging combined forming process of blank.
Background technology
Connecting rod is the vital part on engine, is worked under high frequency load, there is higher requirement to intensity.It processes skill
Art level directly affects the manufacture level and product quality of engine complete machine.The forming technology of engine link mainly has extruding
Casting, cross wedge rolling, roll forging, die forging, sinter soging etc..At present, connecting rod shaping is main uses cross wedge rolling or roller forging sheet stamping+mould
The production technology of forging essence shaping.Cross wedge rolling and roll forging etc. require higher to mold use life-span and equipment tonnage, using casting
The connecting rod of production has the casting flaws such as Shrinkage cavity.
Non-hardened and tempered steel was widely used in the production of connecting rod in recent years, and this steel is in low-alloy steel or middle carbon structural steels
On the basis of in add trace element vanadium, titanium, niobium etc., by controlling the modes such as heating-up temperature, firing rate, cooling velocity, make material
Material just obtains preferable comprehensive mechanical property and uniform microstructure after forging or after pricking, it is not necessary to carry out Tempering and Quenching again.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are some shortcomings existed for above-mentioned prior art, it is proposed that Yi Zhongfei
The casting forging combination process of quenched and tempered steel connecting rod blank shaping, i.e., cast form goes out the casting base of connecting rod first, then further to it
Forging and molding is carried out, eliminates and casts the defects such as loose, stomata and crystal grain thinning, acquisition meets surface accuracy and size requirement, property
The good connecting rod blank of energy.The casting of engine link shaping, forging combined shaping, the two in more than simple meaning is superimposed, and
It is that advantage inferior position each other is complementary, so as to improve the performance of product, improves the service life of connecting rod, reduction is produced into
This.
To solve the shortcoming that above-mentioned technology is present, the present invention is realized using following concrete scheme, be described with reference to the drawings as
Under：
A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank, comprises the following steps：
A) melting non-hardened and tempered steel；
B) castable connecting rod casting base：Melted non-hardened and tempered steel molten metal is injected into casting mould by running gate system
In, mold filling and solidification casts out casting base；
C) casting base is cooled down into knockout：It is air-cooled to knockout after normal temperature；
D) removing surface：Clear up dead head, burr and the sand on casting base surface；
E) casting base is heated；
F) die-forging forming：Casting base after heating is put into forging mold and finally shaped；
G) by forging bar trimming；
H) forging bar is regulated and controled to cool down.
Casting mould described in technical scheme steps b), is made up of upper die and lower die, running gate system and rising head, a mould four,
Die joint is arranged in the plane of the horizontal half of connecting rod casting base level, to ensure that molten metal flows steadily when filling type, casting
Base horizontal positioned, is cast using central term, and casting base die cavity is evenly distributed on the surrounding of running gate system, and molten metal is straight from sprue cup
Tap into sprue, sprue base, the flowing velocity of abundant buffer metal liquid, the incision of ingate level are set in sprue end
The major part of casting base, rising head, which is distributed at ingate incision, is used for feeding.
The size of casting base described in technical scheme steps b), is forging ratio when being forged according to non-hardened and tempered steel casting base,
The factors such as shrinkage coefficient, pattern draft, molding allowance and the follow-up forging technology of material obtain the size of casting base；It is described
Forging ratio, is primarily referred to as effectively eliminating shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity and the gas hole defect in strand, crystal grain thinning, and shape conjunction
Minimum forge ratio needed for lattice connecting rod forging bar.
Casting base described in technical scheme steps b) is, using the casting of ordinary sand casting method, to use a mould many during strand
Part；Direct cast form goes out connecting rod size stomidium in casting base casting process.
Heating refers to described in technical scheme steps e)：Casting base is slowly heated to 1150~1250 DEG C using intermediate frequency furnace.
Forging mold described in technical scheme steps f) uses enclosed hot forging, once-forming by finish impression；Die joint
It is selected on the position with maximum horizontal projection size, for the ease of finding offsetting of the upper and lower mould in die forging process, point mould position
Put the middle part for being selected in forging bar side；The gross weight produced in two stomidiums is removed by punching the wad process after finish-forging.
Die-forging forming described in technical scheme steps f), the heating and temperature control of die forging is between 900-1100 DEG C.
Casting base described in technical scheme steps f), which is put into forging mold, to be forged, and forging technology uses closed type hot
Die forging, including finish-forging and the step process of punching the wad two；
Cooling refers to described in technical scheme steps h)：Described non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod forging bar control is cooled in by formula
Roller endless grate in carry out, by three area's temperature controls of roller endless grate point of formula, one, two have heating and refrigerating function, and 3rd area only have cooling,
Connecting rod forging bar can realize the control of cooling velocity after by controlling the temperature in each area；Forging bar charging temperature, go out furnace temperature
Degree and run time of the connecting rod in stove are by the cooling technique reasonable selection of non-hardened and tempered steel material, air cooling after coming out of the stove.
The autoform combination technological method of the non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank also comprises the following steps：
1) bead；
2) detect.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) connection rod of automobile engine studied of the present invention not only complex geometry but also also has strict to performance
Requirement.The combined forming process set advantage of casting technique and forging technology is forged in casting, is especially suitable for processing to performance and essence
Degree requires all very high and baroque part.
2) the autoform combination process that the present invention is used, can disposably obtain the connecting rod of nearly finished product, can effectively reduce
Energy consumption, improves production efficiency.
3) present invention, which first casts to forge afterwards, obtains connecting rod position, and due to being die-forging forming, therefore metal streamline is more reasonable, carries significantly
High part service life.
4) present invention casts out the blank of connecting rod using casting technique instead of blocking step；Realized again by enclosed hot forging
Transformation of the metal structure from as cast condition to forging state, crystal grain thinning and the local casting flaw for improving connecting rod.
5) present invention uses non-hardened and tempered steel, eliminates follow-up modifier treatment, therefore have the advantages that energy-conservation and environmental protection.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the autoform combination technological method process chart of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a are engine link forging bar sectional views；
Fig. 2 b are engine link forging bar front views；
Fig. 3 is engine link casting base figure；
Fig. 4 is engine link casting base cast schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 a are the hot forging die drawings of engine link blank；
Fig. 5 b are the mold cavity figures of engine link blank.
In figure：1 represents die joint；2 represent die joint.
Embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank, the combination process refers to the first company of casting out
The casting base of bar, is then eliminated by forging technology and casts the defects such as loose, stomata and crystal grain thinning, and reach surface accuracy again
With size requirement, so that combined shaping goes out the blank of connecting rod, comprise the following steps：
1) casting base size is determined
According to the forging part figure of connecting rod, the optimal forging ratio forged with reference to foundry method features, strand and die-forging forming
Technological requirement, determines the size of casting base, i.e. casting base figure.
2) casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed
According to fixed connecting rod casting base figure, casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed.
3) forging technology is determined, forging mold is designed
According to connecting rod forging drawing, with reference to casting base size, connecting rod forging technology is determined, forging mold is designed.
4) the autoform combination process flow of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod is as follows：
A) melting：Melting non-hardened and tempered steel, improves the content of nitrogen, is conducive to the intensity of steel；
B) castable goes out connecting rod casting base：Melted molten metal is injected in casting mould by running gate system, filled
Type solidifies, and casts out casting base；
C) knockout is cooled down：It is air-cooled to knockout after normal temperature；
D) removing surface：Clear up dead head, burr and the sand on casting base surface etc.；
E) heat：Strand is slowly heated to 1150~1250 DEG C or so using intermediate frequency furnace；
F) die-forging forming：Casting base after heating is put into forging mold and finally shaped, die forging temperature control is in 900-
1100℃；
G) trimming：Cut off unnecessary overlap；
H) regulation and control cooling：Cooling after forged is carried out in the roller endless grate by formula, and charging temperature is not less than 800 DEG C.
Determine casting base size：
Optimal forging ratio must be determined first, and the optimal forging ratio is to refer to effective shrinkage porosite eliminated in strand, shrinkage cavity
With the defect such as stomata, crystal grain thinning, and the minimum forge ratio needed for qualified connecting rod forging is shaped, optimal forging ratio can pass through
Experiment or finite element analysis are determined；Then according to connecting rod forging drawing, that is, cold forging drawing, pyrocondensation is carried out to cold forging drawing
Put, heat forging drawing is determined by Material shrinkage rate and dimensional tolerance；Finally according to the external dimensions and big aperture at connecting rod size two ends
The factor such as footpath, the cross dimension of bar portion and length, the shrinkage coefficient of material, pattern draft, molding allowance, by hot forging
Figure determines its drawing of rough casting.
Casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed：
The connecting rod casting technique determines mainly to include：Strand uses ordinary sand casting method, subcontracts cast, casting base
Shaping can a mould four；Connecting rod casting base is symmetrical castings, and die joint is arranged on the flat of the horizontal half of connecting rod casting base level
On face, casting mould is made up of upper die and lower die, running gate system and rising head, a mould four, to ensure that molten metal flows when filling type
Steadily, casting base horizontal positioned, is cast using central term, and strand die cavity is evenly distributed on the surrounding of running gate system, molten metal from
Sprue cup is directly entered sprue, and sprue base, the flowing velocity of abundant buffer metal liquid, ingate are set in sprue end
Level cuts the major part of casting base, it is contemplated that position at feeding distance and thermal center, and rising head, which is distributed at ingate incision, to be used to mend
Contracting.
Forging technology is determined, forging mold is designed：
The determination of the forging technology of the connecting rod casting base includes：It is once-forming by finish impression using enclosed hot forging；
Die joint is selected on the position with maximum horizontal projection size, for the ease of finding offsetting of the upper and lower mould in die forging process,
Mould position is divided to be selected in the middle part of forging side；Determine forging complicated shape coefficient, material coefficient, forging shrinkage factor, initial forging temperature
With final forging temperature etc.；The gross weight produced in two stomidiums is removed by punching the wad process after finish-forging.
Described non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod forging bar control, which is cooled in the roller endless grate by formula, to be carried out, and passes through the roller endless grate of formula
Divide three area's temperature controls, one, two have heating and refrigerating function, and 3rd area only have cooling, and connecting rod forging bar can be each by control after
The temperature in area, realizes the control of cooling velocity；The run time of forging bar charging temperature, tapping temperature and connecting rod in stove can be by
The cooling technique reasonable selection of non-hardened and tempered steel material, air cooling after coming out of the stove.
The casting forging combination process flow of engine link blank also comprises the following steps：
6) bead：Rod surface is plastically deformed, one layer of strengthening layer is formed, fatigue strength is improved；
7) detect：Detect whether the size and internal organizational structure of connecting rod reach requirement.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the engine link blank forged piece figure that certain automobile factory produces, and forging material is C70S6, using the present invention
Forming technology flow is as follows：
1) casting blank size is determined：, will with reference to foundry method features, forging ratio and forging technology according to connecting rod forging drawing
Ask, determine the size of casting base, i.e. casting base figure；
2) casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed：According to fixed connecting rod casting base figure, casting technique is determined, if
Count casting mould；
3) according to connecting rod forging drawing, with reference to casting base figure and the requirement of connecting rod forging technology, forging mold is designed；
4) cast is smelted：Using sand casting process, each forging quality is about 0.8kg, and forging length is about
186.25mm, big head width 74.5mm, microcephaly circular diameter 34.5mm, thickness 24.6mm；Bar portion width 23mm, thickness 14mm, it is recessed
Groove depth 5mm；
5) knockout is cooled down：Knockout after normal temperature is cooled in atmosphere；
6) removing surface：Clear up dead head, burr and the sand on casting base surface etc.；
7) heat：Casting base is heated to the temperature 1150~1250 needed for forging technology using Medium Frequency Induction Heating Furnace
℃；
8) closed type hot die-forging forming：The blank of specific certain temperature after heating is put into closed die forging mould and carries out die forging
Shaping, die forging temperature control is at 900~1100 DEG C, and final sunykatuib analysis obtains optimal flattening amount 3mm；
9) trimming：The unnecessary overlap of excision；
10) regulation and control cooling：Carried out in the roller endless grate by formula, charging temperature is not less than 800 DEG C, the area's temperature control of equipment three,
First, two have heating and refrigerating function, and 3rd area only have cooling, and temperature control is in 250~500 degrees Celsius, fortune of the connecting rod in stove
The row time is 12~15min, air cooling after coming out of the stove；
11) shot-peening：Using shot-peening scale removal, rod surface is plastically deformed, forms one layer of strengthening layer, improved
Fatigue strength；
12) detect：Detect whether the size and internal organizational structure of connecting rod reach requirement.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A) melting non-hardened and tempered steel；
B) castable connecting rod casting base：Melted non-hardened and tempered steel molten metal is injected in casting mould by running gate system,
Mold filling and solidification, casts out casting base；
C) casting base is cooled down into knockout：It is air-cooled to knockout after normal temperature；
D) removing surface：Clear up dead head, burr and the sand on casting base surface；
E) casting base is heated；
F) die-forging forming：Casting base after heating is put into forging mold and finally shaped；
G) by forging bar trimming；
H) forging bar is regulated and controled to cool down.
2. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
Casting mould described in step b), is made up of upper die and lower die, running gate system and rising head, a mould four, and die joint is arranged on
In the plane of the horizontal half of connecting rod casting base level, to ensure that molten metal flows steadily when filling type, casting base horizontal positioned is adopted
Cast with central term, casting base die cavity is evenly distributed on the surrounding of running gate system, molten metal is directly entered sprue from sprue cup,
Sprue base is set in sprue end, and the flowing velocity of abundant buffer metal liquid, ingate level cuts the major part of casting base,
Rising head, which is distributed at ingate incision, is used for feeding.
3. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
The size of casting base described in step b), is forging ratio when being forged according to casting base, the shrinkage coefficient of material, molding
Gradient, molding allowance and follow-up forging technology factor obtain the size of casting base；The forging ratio, being primarily referred to as can be effective
Shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity and the gas hole defect in strand, crystal grain thinning are eliminated, and shapes the minimum forging needed for qualified connecting rod forging bar
Make ratio.
4. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
Casting base described in step b) is, using the casting of ordinary sand casting method, one-mold multiple-member to be used during strand；Casting base is cast
Direct cast form goes out connecting rod size stomidium during making.
5. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
Heating refers to described in step e)：Casting base is slowly heated to 1150~1250 DEG C using intermediate frequency furnace.
6. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
Forging mold described in step f) uses enclosed hot forging, once-forming by finish impression；Die joint is selected in maximum
On the position of floor projection size, for the ease of finding offsetting of the upper and lower mould in die forging process, a point mould position is selected in forging bar
The middle part of side；The gross weight produced in two stomidiums is removed by punching the wad process after finish-forging.
7. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be：
Die-forging forming described in step f), the heating and temperature control of die forging is between 900~1100 DEG C.
8. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank, it is characterised in that：
Casting base described in step f), which is put into forging mold, to be forged, and forging technology uses enclosed hot forging, including end
Forging and the step process of punching the wad two.
9. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：
Cooling refers to described in step h)：The forging bar control, which is cooled in the roller endless grate by formula, to be carried out, and passes through the roller of formula
Three area's temperature controls of endless grate point, one, two have heating and refrigerating function, and 3rd area only have cooling, and forging bar can be each by control after
The temperature in area, realizes the control of cooling velocity；The run time of forging bar charging temperature, tapping temperature and connecting rod in stove is by non-
The cooling technique reasonable selection of quenched Steel material, air cooling after coming out of the stove.
10. a kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank according to claim 1, its feature exists
In：
The autoform combination technological method of the non-hardened and tempered steel automobile connecting bar blank also comprises the following steps：
1) bead；
2) detect.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710445853.XA CN107199443A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710445853.XA CN107199443A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | A kind of autoform combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel connecting rod blank |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110000319A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-07-12 | 芜湖万联新能源汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of band skirt non-hardened and tempered steel piston forging and forming technology |
| CN110052595A (en) * | 2019-04-13 | 2019-07-26 | 衢州恒业汽车部件有限公司 | A kind of spindle and its manufacturing method of anti-transgranular fracture failure mode |
| CN112033590A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-04 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Method for measuring and controlling residual stress of connecting rod |
| CN114289658A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Composite forming method for aluminum alloy casting and forging |
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| CN110000319A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-07-12 | 芜湖万联新能源汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of band skirt non-hardened and tempered steel piston forging and forming technology |
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| CN112033590A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-04 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Method for measuring and controlling residual stress of connecting rod |
| CN114289658A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-08 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Composite forming method for aluminum alloy casting and forging |
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