CN107186157A - The casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank - Google Patents
The casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107186157A CN107186157A CN201710445851.0A CN201710445851A CN107186157A CN 107186157 A CN107186157 A CN 107186157A CN 201710445851 A CN201710445851 A CN 201710445851A CN 107186157 A CN107186157 A CN 107186157A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- forging
- casting
- base
- crankshaft
- hardened
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/08—Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to machine-building plastic working field, and in particular to combination technological method is forged in a kind of casting suitable for non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank；Comprise the following steps：1st, melting non-hardened and tempered steel；2nd, melted non-hardened and tempered steel is injected in casting mould, castable automatic modeling crankshaft casting base；3rd, knockout after cooling down；4th, clear up, including remove cast rising head and removing surface；5th, automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is heated；6th, automatic modeling crankshaft casting base enclosed hot forging, obtains crankshaft forging base；7th, the controllable cooling of crankshaft forging base；8th, the removing surface of crankshaft forging base and detection；The present invention can improve stock utilization, reduce die cost, while reducing forging equipment tonnage, be effectively improved the interior tissue and performance of part, improve its service life；Non-hardened and tempered steel need not carry out Tempering and Quenching again, reduce the environmental pollution caused by heat treatment, significantly increase the economic benefit and social benefit of enterprise.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine-building plastic working field, and in particular to a kind of casting suitable for non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank is forged
Combination technological method.
Background technology
Bent axle is an important component of engine, is widely used in automobile, the steamer of various I. C. engines
Etc. in industry.Bent axle subject at work distorting stress, alternating bending stress, reciprocal inertia force, revolution centrifugal force and they
The torque and top load impact shock of formation, its main failure mode be output end corrosion and crackle, journal wear and
The bending and fracture of bent axle.The life-span of bent axle determines the life-span of engine.Current engine crankshaft mainly has forging and molding
Forged steel crankshaft and the ductile iron crankshaft of cast form.The fibre flow of forged steel crankshaft preserves complete, so with higher curved
Bent fatigue strength, but stock utilization is low during die forging, time-consuming for production, and the die cost of die forging is higher, equipment tonnage compared with
Greatly.Ductile iron crankshaft manufacturing cost is lower than forged steel crankshaft cost, but the quality of ductile iron crankshaft and performance are general, dredge
The casting flaws such as pine, shrinkage cavity, coarse grains make the reduction of its anti-fatigue performance.
In recent years, the application development of non-hardened and tempered steel is rapid, has been widely used in automobile crane, connecting rod, semiaxis, steering
A variety of automobile forgings such as section, front axle and universal-joint fork.Non-hardened and tempered steel be on the basis of low-alloy steel or middle carbon structural steels in
The trace alloying elements such as vanadium, titanium, niobium are added, by controlling the modes such as heating-up temperature, firing rate, cooling velocity, material is existed
Preferable comprehensive mechanical property and uniform microstructure are just obtained after forging or after rolling, it is not necessary to carry out Tempering and Quenching again.Reduce
Heat treatment step and equipment, it is to avoid the crackle that thermal deformation and quenching during heat treatment occur, improve the cutting ability of part,
Product quality is improved, the production cycle is shortened, labor intensity is reduced, and it is dirty to greatly reduce the environment caused by heat treatment
Dye, significantly increases the economic benefit and social benefit of enterprise.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be overcome prior art presence stock utilization is low, die cost is high
The problems such as there is provided a kind of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank casting forge combination process；Non-modified crankshaft strand is first cast, then passes through forging
Make elimination casting flaw, improve as-cast structure, it is final to obtain Crank Blank forging.Material can be improved using the process forming Crank Blank
Shorten process time while material utilization rate, reduce the cost and equipment tonnage of mould, production efficiency is improved, with particularly significant
Realistic meaning.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：
A kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Melting non-hardened and tempered steel；
Step 2：Melted non-hardened and tempered steel is injected in casting mould, castable automatic modeling crankshaft casting base；
Step 3：Knockout after cooling；
Step 4：Cleaning, including remove cast rising head and removing surface；
Step 5：Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is heated；
Step 6：Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base enclosed hot forging, obtains crankshaft forging base；
Step 7：The controllable cooling of crankshaft forging base；
Step 8：The removing surface of crankshaft forging base and detection.
The size of automatic modeling crankshaft casting base described in step 2, is the cold forging drawing according to fixed Crank Blank, by cold forging part
Figure releases heat forging drawing according to percent thermal shrinkage, then is maked corrections by heat forging drawing according to the shrinkage coefficient, pattern draft, technique of material
Amount and follow-up forging technology factor pushing out casting figure, so that it is determined that the size of automatic modeling crankshaft casting base.
Casting mould described in step 2, is the heat forging drawing according to fixed Crank Blank, by heat forging drawing root again
According to the shrinkage coefficient of material, pattern draft, molding allowance and follow-up forging technology factor pushing out casting figure, cast according to bent axle
The drawing of rough casting of part base, with reference to the feature of bent axle like members, determines casting technique, designs casting mould.
The part of bent axle strand described in step 2 uses Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting, subcontracts cast, can mould cast more than one piece.
The crankshaft forging base is forged using closed die forging, by automatic modeling crankshaft casting base in finish impression after the shaping of finish-forging
Gained；The die joint of forging should be selected at the position for having maximum horizontal projection size.
Controllable cooling described in step 7, refers to that the cooling velocity of crankshaft forging base after finish-forging is adjustable, is specially：By bent axle
Forging bar is placed in roller hearth furnace, and roller hearth furnace is divided into three sections, and every section of temperature is adjustable, and different temperature is set to by every section, bent
Forging shaft base by when just can realize cooling velocity adjust.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. base will be cast and forging and molding combines shaping Crank Blank, stock utilization can be being improved, reduce die cost,
While reducing forging equipment tonnage, the interior tissue and performance of part are effectively improved, its service life is improved.
2. production efficiency can be improved when producing in enormous quantities, shorten the production cycle.
3. non-hardened and tempered steel need not carry out Tempering and Quenching again, heat treatment step and equipment are reduced, it is to avoid during heat treatment
The crackle that thermal deformation and quenching occur, improves the cutting ability of part, improves product quality, shorten the production cycle, drops
Low labor intensity, and greatly reduce the environmental pollution caused by heat treatment, significantly increase enterprise economic benefit and
Social benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the combination process forming process signal of the casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the drawing of rough casting of automobile engine crankshaft base；
Fig. 3 is Crank Blank casting and pouring schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the drawing of rough casting of Crank Blank；
Fig. 5 is the forging process schematic diagram of Crank Blank；
Fig. 6 is the forging drawing of Crank Blank；
Embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
A kind of casting forging combination process of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank, the combination process refers to obtain by casting technique first
Non-hardened and tempered steel automatic modeling crankshaft casting base, then changes casting base interior tissue, acquisition meets shape, size and tissue etc. will by forging
The crankshaft forging base asked, comprises the following steps：
1) optimal forging ratio is determined, and with this determination drawing of rough casting：
It is determined that the defects such as loose, shrinkage cavity and the stomata in casting base can be eliminated when being forged to automatic modeling crankshaft casting base, and will casting
Minimum forge ratio needed for when state structural transformation is forging tissue, i.e., optimal forging ratio；According to optimal forging ratio, with reference to bent axle forging
The forging drawing of part base, forging technology requirement and casting technique requirement, determine the drawing of rough casting of automatic modeling crankshaft casting base.
2) casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed：
According to the drawing of rough casting of non-hardened and tempered steel automatic modeling crankshaft casting base, with reference to the feature of bent axle like members, casting technique, design casting are determined
Modeling has.
3) forging technology is determined, forging mold is designed：
According to the forging drawing of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank, with reference to the drawing of rough casting and forging technology, non-hardened and tempered steel automatic modeling crankshaft casting is obtained
The forging technology of base, designs forging mold.
4) the casting forging combination process flow of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank is as follows：
A. smelting and pouring；
B. knockout is cooled down；
C. cast rising head, removing surface are removed；
D. automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is heated；
Heated using electric furnace, slow heating prevents stress cracking when automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is begun to warm up, and preheating section temperature is difficult
Too high, one section of temperature of heating can improve firing rate.
E. enclosed hot forging：
Slow cooling after a period of time is incubated, automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is put into progress enclosed hot forging in forging mold.
F. the controllable cooling of crankshaft forging base：
G. the removing surface of crankshaft forging base and detection.
Turn into crankshaft part after removing surface and the qualified crankshaft forging base of detection are machined out, it is this qualified
Crankshaft forging base is referred to as Crank Blank.
The optimal forging ratio is determined：
According to selected non-hardened and tempered steel material type, application experiment or finite element method, or according to existing reality
Border experience, it is determined that gentle using the loose, shrinkage cavity that can be effectively eliminated in forging process in such non-hardened and tempered steel automatic modeling crankshaft casting base
The defects such as hole, and required minimum forge ratio, as optimal forging ratio when as-cast structure is changed into forging tissue.
The drawing of rough casting is determined：
According to heat forging drawing and optimal forging ratio, front end axle on automatic modeling crankshaft casting base, rear end axle, rod journal, main shaft are determined
The size everywhere such as neck, crank, everywhere cross sectional dimensions=optimal forgings ratio of forging drawing cross sectional dimensions *, axial length dimension
=forging drawing axial length dimension/optimal forging ratio, the drawing of rough casting can be drawn with this.
Casting technique is determined, casting mould is designed：
Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base uses Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting, subcontracts cast；According to the Crank Blank drawing of rough casting, determine that a mould will be cast
The casting number made, and die joint, die joint, pattern draft, shrinkage ratio, casting circle, system of risers, running gate system etc.；According to
This design casting mould.
Forging technology is determined, forging mold is designed：
Forging mode uses closed die forging, can be directly once-forming by finish impression；Material and forging according to used in bent axle
Part figure, determines the technological parameters such as initial forging temperature, final forging temperature, die joint, pattern draft；According to cold forging drawing.Consider metal
Shrinkage phenomenon, chooses rational shrinkage factor, determines heat forging drawing, with this determination finish impression size, designs forging die；Heat forging drawing
Size is calculated as follows：
L=l (1+ δ %) (1)
In formula：L is hot forging size, and l is cold forging's block dimension, and δ is the shrinkage factor of metal under final forging temperature.
The controllable cooling of non-hardened and tempered steel crankshaft forging base refers to that the cooling velocity of crankshaft forging base after finish-forging is adjustable, specifically
For：Crankshaft forging base is placed in roller hearth furnace, roller hearth furnace is divided into three sections, and every section of temperature is adjustable, is set to different by every section
Temperature, crankshaft forging base by when just can realize cooling velocity adjust.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the engine crankshaft forging bar figure that certain forging factory produces, material selection non-hardened and tempered steel 49MnVS3, application
Forming technology flow of the present invention is as follows：
1. smelting and pouring；
2. cool down knockout；
3. remove cast rising head and removing surface：After strand is as cold as room temperature, remove at cast rising head, shot-blasting machine surface
The surface impurities such as the sand on reason, the mould overlying sand of cleaning cast(ing) surface residual.
4. automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is heated：Heated after automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is cleaned out using electric furnace, automatic modeling crankshaft casting base starts to add
Slow heating prevents stress cracking when hot, and preheating section temperature is difficult too high, and one section of temperature of heating can improve firing rate, heating two
Section and soaking zone temperature control are more than 1200 DEG C.Steel is in the temperature sufficiently long time, to ensure precipitation-hardening element
Be completely dissolved, the center of steel billet is reached complete solid solution.
5. enclosed hot forging：Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is incubated slow cooling after a period of time, and temperature control is below 950 DEG C.Bent axle is cast
Part base is put into progress enclosed hot forging in forging mold.
Controllable cooling：Crankshaft forging base is placed in three-stage roller hearth furnace after forging, according to non-hardened and tempered steel 49MnVS3 forging
Cooling technique requirement, adjust cooling velocity.
6. surface treatment：Crankshaft forging base after cooling uses shot-peening scale removal.
7. detection：Detect whether the size and interior tissue of crankshaft forging base reach requirement.
Claims (6)
1. the casting forging combination technological method of a kind of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Melting non-hardened and tempered steel；
Step 2：Melted non-hardened and tempered steel is injected in casting mould, castable automatic modeling crankshaft casting base；
Step 3：Knockout after cooling；
Step 4：Cleaning, including remove cast rising head and removing surface；
Step 5：Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base is heated；
Step 6：Automatic modeling crankshaft casting base enclosed hot forging, obtains crankshaft forging base；
Step 7：The controllable cooling of crankshaft forging base；
Step 8：The removing surface of crankshaft forging base and detection.
2. a kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The size of automatic modeling crankshaft casting base described in step 2, is the cold forging drawing according to fixed Crank Blank, by cold forging drawing root
According to percent thermal shrinkage release heat forging drawing, then by heat forging drawing according to the shrinkage coefficient of material, pattern draft, molding allowance and
Follow-up forging technology factor pushing out casting figure, so that it is determined that the size of automatic modeling crankshaft casting base.
3. a kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Casting mould described in step 2, is the heat forging drawing according to fixed Crank Blank, by heat forging drawing further according to material
Shrinkage coefficient, pattern draft, molding allowance and the follow-up forging technology factor pushing out casting figure of material, according to automatic modeling crankshaft casting base
The drawing of rough casting, with reference to the feature of bent axle like members, determine casting technique, design casting mould.
4. a kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The part of bent axle strand described in step 2 uses Sand-Faced Metal Mould Casting, subcontracts cast, can mould cast more than one piece.
5. a kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The crankshaft forging base is forged using closed die forging, by automatic modeling crankshaft casting base in finish impression institute after the shaping of finish-forging
；The die joint of forging should be selected at the position for having maximum horizontal projection size.
6. a kind of casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Controllable cooling described in step 7, refers to that the cooling velocity of crankshaft forging base after finish-forging is adjustable, is specially：By crankshaft forging
Base is placed in roller hearth furnace, and roller hearth furnace is divided into three sections, and every section of temperature is adjustable, and different temperature, bent axle forging are set to by every section
Part base by when just can realize cooling velocity adjust.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710445851.0A CN107186157A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | The casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710445851.0A CN107186157A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | The casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107186157A true CN107186157A (en) | 2017-09-22 |
Family
ID=59878909
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710445851.0A Pending CN107186157A (en) | 2017-06-14 | 2017-06-14 | The casting forging combination technological method of non-hardened and tempered steel Crank Blank |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109351899A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-19 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of the more muscle peviform forging of large size |
| CN112322874A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 山东国铭球墨铸管科技有限公司 | Forging strengthening and shaping process of nodular iron casting |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109351899A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-19 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A kind of manufacturing process of the more muscle peviform forging of large size |
| CN112322874A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-05 | 山东国铭球墨铸管科技有限公司 | Forging strengthening and shaping process of nodular iron casting |
| CN112322874B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-08-26 | 国铭铸管股份有限公司 | Forging strengthening and shaping process of nodular iron casting |
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Application publication date: 20170922 |