CN105268884A - Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot - Google Patents
Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN105268884A CN105268884A CN201410349152.2A CN201410349152A CN105268884A CN 105268884 A CN105268884 A CN 105268884A CN 201410349152 A CN201410349152 A CN 201410349152A CN 105268884 A CN105268884 A CN 105268884A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of steel forging, in particular to a method for forging a superhigh-temperature soft core of a die cast steel ingot. The method comprises the steps that first, the poured steel ingot with a liquid core is subjected to superhigh-temperature die stripping; second, the poured steel ingot with the liquid core is placed in a thermos van for temperature equilibrium and then is conveyed to a forging press, the steel ingot with the liquid core is subjected to high-temperature pressure maintaining forging, solidified tail end branch crystals are fully broken, a large quantity of equiaxed crystal structures are formed, shrinkage cavities and porosity are eliminated, and dendritic segregation is lightened; and at last, general forging is conducted, and crystalline grains and structures are fully refined. The method breaks through the conventional method that the die cast steel ingot is forged after being completely solidified; a semi-solid structure with excellent liquidity on the core part of the steel ingot and the huge temperature difference between the surface and the core part are created through superhigh-temperature die stripping of the steel ingot with the liquid core; combined with a subsequent heavy pressure and pressure maintaining method, forced feeding and pressure solidification can be achieved; the problems of shrinkage cavities, porosity, segregation and the like of the center of the steel ingot are solved, and the metallurgical quality is improved; the riser weight is lowered, the heating number of forging is decreased, and the service life of a die is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forging field of steel, is a kind of soft core forging making method of superhigh temperature of static ingot specifically.
Background technology
Large forgings is as the kernel component of the large-scale outfits in field such as metallurgical machinery, petrochemical industry, communications and transportation, electricity power, in the development of the national economy, defence equipment and great science apparatus, play extremely important effect, its production capacity and quality level are the important symbols of measurement national capacity of will and national power power.Therefore, improve the inherent quality of large forgings, ensure that the safety and reliability tool in its running is of great significance.
Large forgings is generally forged by large-scale steel ingot and is formed.Inner at steel ingot, inevitably produce a large amount of micropipes and rarefaction defect because metal freezing shrinks, these hole type defect Dispersed precipitate, in steel ingot heart portion, destroy the continuity of material, affect the mechanical property of forging.Simultaneously, due to the solute redistribution of process of setting, solidification end not only alloy concentrations is high, and often enrichment low melting point and impurity element, form dendritic segregation, be thisly segregated in follow-up forging process and can only partly improve, can not eliminate completely, destroy the homogenieity of material, affect the structure and properties of forging.
In order to improve compactness and the homogenieity of forging, large quantities of scientific research personnel is devoted for years to and eliminates the micro-hole in steel ingot heart portion in exploitation and improve " center compacting " technique of microscopic segregation, obtain at present the technique of commercial Application, as: WHF method (wide anvil suppresses method), FM method (heart portion disappear tension method), JTS method (duricrust forging method) etc.These process meanses improve forging heart portion stress, strain regime, facilitate the healing of hole class defect, by the broken as-cast structure of recrystallization, forging is on active service with zero defect or microdefect state, improves the safety in operation of Grand Equipments.But, due to diversity and the complexity of material composition and steel ingot specification, the size of central defect and distribution is caused to be difficult to weigh by unified standard quantitative, the material that same ingot shape is different, apply identical Forging Technology to forge, some can some then can not by flaw detection.Such as, adopt ratio of height to diameter be 2 15 tons of ingot shapes produce 42CrMo and H13 steel ingots, the forging of same application WHF method, the forging of 42CrMo material can by flaw detection, and H13 not by, this is mainly because H13 freezing range is wide, and shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is even more serious.This present situation describes Current central compaction process and is still not enough to eliminate the more serious defect in some steel ingot centers.Therefore, develop more powerful effective forging method, thoroughly eliminate steel ingot central defect imperative.
At present, the mode that nearly all forging all adopts cold (temperature) ingot to heat again carries out forging.1) mode one: for the steel ingot that some weight are less, first steel ingot is poured into a mould, steel ingot is chilled to 300 ~ 500 DEG C in ingot mould, then for ftractureing when avoiding being chilled to room temperature, need long Stress relieving annealing be carried out, in stove, then carry out long gradient heat again, make steel ingot internal and external temperature evenly reach more than 1200 DEG C, finally forge, the process-cycle is very long; 2) mode two: for the steel ingot that some weight are larger, first steel ingot is poured into a mould, steel ingot is chilled in ingot mould rising head to solidify completely, then carry out the demoulding, now ingot body temperature is generally 700 ~ 900 DEG C, and this temperature state steel ingot is put into heat insulation tank heat and sent (red send) to heat to heating furnace, steel ingot internal and external temperature is made evenly to reach more than 1200 DEG C, finally forge, this mode has saved heating energy source to a certain extent, shortens work flow; 3) but, for some steel grades, 850 ~ 950 DEG C time, AlN separates out along the thick austenite grain boundary of as cast condition, weakens crystal boundary, now redly immediately send heating, austenite decomposition and austenitizing twice phase transformation is there is in short time, easily cause face crack, this steel ingot must not only be as cold as 200 ~ 300 DEG C, then heats, the remaining temperature of steel ingot loses in vain, causes significant wastage.
In recent years, manufacture field at continuous casting billet and develop a kind of soft reduction technique, this technology produces by applying pressure near Continuous Casting Square/slab liquid core end the solidification shrinkage amount that certain drafts compensates strand.Strand can be eliminated or reduce on the one hand and shrink the internal voids formed, prevent the molten steel of intergranular solute element from flowing to strand central cross; On the other hand, the squeezing action that slighter compress produces can also promote that the solute element molten steel of Ye Xin center enrichment is along throwing direction reverse flow, solute element is redistributed in molten steel, thus make the solidified structure even compact more of strand, play the effect improving center segregation and reduce center porosity.Soft reduction technique is extremely important to choosing of depressing position, and pressure is too early, central metal ot-yet-hardened, and rarefaction defect also can be formed after depression; Depressed evening, metal is in the higher two-phase section of fraction solid, and mobility is poor, easily produces intensive crackle under small deformation.When the center fraction solid of it is generally acknowledged reaches 0.3 ~ 0.7, pressure can play better effect.Meanwhile, the selection of drafts is also important, and according to capacity of equipment, general reduction ratio is 1 ~ 3%.The soft reduction technique of continuous casting billet can improve the center mass of straight carbon steel and low-alloy steel billet to a certain extent, but helpless for the steel alloy that die casting mode must be adopted to produce.In fact, the freezing range of steel alloy is often wider, and the defects such as central pipe is loose, dendritic segregation are even more serious, more need combination to solidify and translating means, eliminate or alleviate the central defect of steel billet.
Summary of the invention
For central defect and the inherent quality problem of steel ingot in product in current industrial, the object of the present invention is to provide the soft core forging making method of a kind of steel ingot superhigh temperature, the shrinkage cavity can eliminating steel ingot is loosened, is alleviated the metallurgical imperfections such as dendritic segregation, thinning microstructure, promote forging metallurgical quality and mechanical property, reach and shorten the process-cycle, energy-conservation, material-saving, improve die life, reduce the object of forging cost.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The soft core forging making method of a kind of steel ingot superhigh temperature, first by the steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature demoulding after cast; Then be positioned over samming in thermal car and be transported to forging press, steel ingot band liquid core being implemented high temperature pressurize forging, make solidification end dendrite fully broken, form a large amount of equiaxed grain structure, eliminating shrinkage cavity and loosen, alleviate dendritic segregation; Finally, routine forging is carried out, abundant crystal grain thinning and tissue.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding; The steel ingot ingot body surface temperature after the demoulding is made to be not less than 1100 DEG C, 1300 ~ 1450 DEG C, center;
Second step, closes rising head top; Adopt spray or air-blast device, continuingly act on Steel ingot feeder head, rising head top is solidified completely;
3rd step, transhipment and samming; Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, is transported to forging press, samming 0.5 ~ 2 hour, prepare forging;
4th step, wide anvil large deformation; Steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, uses wide flat anvil through-thickness to be out of shape 10 ~ 50%;
5th step, high temperature pressurize; After steel ingot is deformed to specified size, use wide flat anvil to keep pressure durations to act on steel ingot, action time is not less than 5 minutes, and deflection is not more than 5%;
6th step, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is lower than final forging temperature, then returns high temperature furnace samming, performs next forging times.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the first step, steel ingot demould time adopts computer simulation to determine, ingot mould is designed to two kinds of modes, and one is back draught, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, and during the demoulding, rising head case and ingot body remove simultaneously; Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small " pattern, inserts lifting boom, after rising head edge solidifies, remove rising head case, steel ingot and ingot mould are removed by lifting boom after cast at rising head edge.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in second step, when rising head top is solidified completely, rising head surface temperature is lower than 1200 DEG C.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 3rd step, before opening forging, surface of steel ingot temperature minimum point is not less than 1000 DEG C.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 4th step, in main deformation process, the anvil adopting wide flat anvil to be out of shape is wide should cover steel ingot total length, and once distortion puts in place, and shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is closed.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 5th step, after main transformer shape is terminated, uses wide flat anvil to carry out pressurize and Light deformation, makes the abundant seam of defect closed.
The soft core forging making method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 6th step, after the compacting of center, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, if this forging times cannot be shaped, increases forging times and is shaped.
Physical metallurgy of the present invention and mechanical analysis as follows:
Molten metal is solidifying in phase transition process, and volume larger change will occur.For ferrous materials, time liquid, density is about 7300kg/m
3, time solid-state, density is about 7800kg/m
3, so large density contrast by cause solidify in rear as-cast structure produce in various degree shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.Generally speaking, solid, liquid two-phase district is more wide in range, produces loose tendency more serious.In order to supplement this volume contraction, conventional method places rising head at steel ingot top, by good riser head heat-preserving condition, makes to keep in rising head liquid metal under gravity, can supplement the volume contraction of ingot body, and then alleviate shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.Usual rising head is larger, and heat insulation effect is better, better to the feeding effect of ingot body.
But increasing rising head is what to sacrifice the stock utilization of steel ingot be cost, and in order to avoid steel ingot central pipe defect, shared by some rising heads, steel ingot weight is even more than 30%, and this is very uneconomic.Ideally, the steel ingot that stock utilization is higher should be the shape that ratio of height to diameter is comparatively large, rising head is less, but due to feeding distance long, emit the liquid metal of notch portion cannot add to steel ingot center, cause serious secondary pipe defect.This shrinkage cavity defect can be alleviated by follow-up forging, but for the shrinkage cavity defect of especially severe, especially when Molten Steel Cleanliness is poor, blemish surface enrichment low melting point, these hole type defects are difficult to be healed by routine forging mode more, need very large forging ratio the field trash at healing interface could be smashed, disperseed, therefore bring high production cost and unstable product quality.
Some solidification theories classical both at home and abroad and experimental study show, in steel ingot the formation of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect be a forming core, the process of growing up.The earliest miniature loose often originates from field trash or bubble, and in cooling meat process subsequently, these are miniature loosens and sharply to grow up under the effect of tension, forms loose even shrinkage cavity, draw defect.If can be healed at the early stage of loose formation, and in follow-up volume contraction process, create the environment of a three-dimensional compressive stress, will the formation and the expansion that thoroughly suppress rarefaction defect be expected to.
The present invention is in earlier stage by the experimental study of system, propose the process of the steel ingot superelevation temperate zone liquid core demoulding, this method passes through Design of Dies cleverly, adopt confrontational thought, by the structure that mould design is up-small and down-big, achieve the liquid core demoulding of superelevation temperate zone, surface of steel ingot temperature reaches 1100 ~ 1250 DEG C, center is still containing part liquid core, and temperature reaches 1300 ~ 1450 DEG C.Now the rarefaction defect at center is just formed, and not yet grows up, if to implement under weight and carry out being incubated, pressurize, the complete seam of less rarefaction defect can be made; Simultaneously, the semi-solid-state metal of solidification end is under the effect of pressure and distortion, local remelting can be there is, the dendrite of overlap joint is completely broken, and interdendritic concentrated molten steel and broken crystal grain arrive the lower position of other concentration by by exclusion, together with the mixing of molten steel of remelting, reduce the solute concentration of solidification end, improve the ratio of equiax crystal, and then alleviate dendritic segregation, facilitate homogenizing of material.
In sum, the present invention is based on solidifying and microstructure Evolution rule of metal under pressure and metamorphosis, propose first by the demoulding of steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature, surface temperature is not less than 1100 DEG C, 1300 ~ 1450 DEG C, center; Then carry out high temperature pressurize forging and stamping, and keep pressure durations to act on steel ingot.The present invention breaches the method for forging again after conventional static ingot solidifies completely, the operation that ingot casting and forging two are separated originally is fully combined, by the liquid core demoulding of superelevation temperate zone, create the temperature difference that the fabulous microstructure of semisolid of steel ingot heart portion mobility and surface and heart portion are huge, in conjunction with under follow-up weight and pressurize technique, can realize forcing feeding and pressure solidification, not only solve the shrinkage cavity at steel ingot center, loose, segregation, organize the problems such as thick, improve metallurgical quality, and reduce rising head weight, decrease Forge Heating fire, extend die life, shorten work flow, significantly reduce the hot-working expense of forging.
The present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, material internal quality significantly promotes.Due to the superhigh temperature large deformation at steel ingot center, completely eliminate shrinkage cavity and loosen, alleviate dendritic segregation defect, structural homogenity obtains and promotes, and the center mechanical property of heavy in section forging stock can close to the performance level even reaching surface.
2, Ingot Surface Quality significantly promotes.Owing to need not worry that central pipe loosens problem, can improve pouring temperature and poring rate, significantly promote the surface quality of alloy steel ingot.
3, reduce processing charges, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.Due to the liquid core demoulding of superelevation temperate zone, steel ingot thermal capacitance is large, and can save a main fire heating, the forging operation time comparatively conventional heating mode can extend 1 times simultaneously, significantly reduces heating and forging expense.
4, significantly work flow and cycle is shortened.High temperature release can shorten cool time 30 ~ 50%, utilizes waste heat to forge and reduces the heat time 30 ~ 40%, significantly enhance productivity.Meanwhile, because demould time shortens, the service life of ingot mould can promote 1 ~ 2 times.
5, stock utilization significantly promotes.Owing to not relying on rising head gravity feeding, rising head weight can reduce by 30 ~ 50%, and mould design is the shape that ratio of height to diameter reaches more than 5, and more traditional ratio of height to diameter is the ingot shape lifting stock utilization more than 15% of 1 ~ 2.
6, the requirement to forging equipment ability is reduced.Because steel ingot is in the two-phase section state of superhigh temperature, the resistance of deformation of central area is not enough completely solid-state 1/10, therefore significantly reduces the ability need of forging process to press apparatus, can realize " manufacturing heavy forging with skinny device ".
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention makes schematic flow sheet; Wherein, a () is steel ladle pouring steel ingot, b () is for removing misting cooling after rising head case, c () is sent and samming for steel ingot is put into thermal car heat, d () is along steel ingot diameter/thickness Direction distortion, e () is pressurize after distortion, (f) is for forging is to finished product.
When Fig. 2 is superhigh temperature distortion, the agglutination schematic diagram of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect; Wherein, (a) rarefaction defect for just having germinated, b () is closed under large deformation effect for loosening, c () is decomposed into micro-hole for closed loosening under the effect of lasting pressurize, (d) spreads disappearance at high temperature under high pressure gradually for micro-hole.
Fig. 3 is when being out of shape under superhigh temperature, the fragmentation of dendrite and Homogenization schematic diagram; Wherein, a () is solidification end dendrite and residual liquid, (b) for dendrite fracture under large deformation effect, remelting, be decomposed into multistage discrete tissue, become the nucleus that subsequent melt continues to solidify, (c) for steel ingot center under pressure, in approximate mode of solidifying simultaneously, the equiaxed grain structure formed, for equiaxed grain structure is in the large deformation of subsolidus temperature, there is the more tiny equiaxed grain structure formed after recrystallization in (d).
Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the present invention, adopts the H13 forging metallographic structure photo that the soft core forging making method of superhigh temperature obtains.
Fig. 5 is in comparative example of the present invention, adopts the H13 forging metallographic structure photo that conventional wrought processes obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
Below, by embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, to make flow process as follows for the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention: after (a) steel ladle pouring steel ingot → (b) removes rising head case misting cooling → (c) steel ingot is put into thermal car heat send be out of shape along steel ingot diameter/thickness Direction distortion → (e) with samming → (d) after pressurize → (f) forging to finished product.The inventive method is applicable to carbon manganese steel, low-alloy steel, middle high-alloy steel, and the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature that especially freezing range is wider, as-cast structure is flourishing is especially made.
In a specific embodiment, the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention, first by the steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature demoulding after cast; Then be positioned over samming in thermal car and be transported to forging press, steel ingot band liquid core being implemented high temperature pressurize forging, make solidification end dendrite fully broken, form a large amount of equiaxed grain structure, eliminating shrinkage cavity and loosen, alleviate dendritic segregation; Finally, the forging of the routine such as jumping-up, pulling is carried out, abundant crystal grain thinning and tissue; Concrete steps are as follows:
1) first step, by the demoulding of steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature, ingot body surface temperature is not less than 1100 DEG C (being preferably 1150 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C), and central temperature remains on 1300 ~ 1450 DEG C;
As shown in Figure 2, during superhigh temperature distortion, the agglutination of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is as follows: rarefaction defect → (b) that (a) has just germinated closed → (c) closed loosening of loosening under large deformation effect is decomposed into the micro-hole of micro-hole → (d) and spreads disappearance gradually at high temperature under high pressure under the effect of lasting pressurize.As can be seen from Figure 2, compare in complete solid-state lower enforcement distortion, implement at ingot solidification end the High temperature diffusion that large deformation can accelerate cave fillings interface, shrinkage cavity loose type defect is efficiently healed, and then promote the density of material.
As shown in Figure 3, when being out of shape under superhigh temperature, fragmentation and the Homogenization of dendrite are as follows: (a) solidification end dendrite and residual liquid → (b) dendrite fracture under large deformation effect, remelting, be decomposed into multistage discrete tissue, become nucleus → (c) steel ingot center that subsequent melt continues to solidify under pressure, in approximate mode of solidifying simultaneously, in the large deformation of subsolidus temperature, there is the more tiny equiaxed grain structure formed after recrystallization in equiaxed grain structure → (d) equiaxed grain structure formed.As can be seen from Figure 3, compare in complete solid-state lower enforcement distortion, implementing large deformation at ingot solidification end can broken dendrite more fully, the equiax crystal that quantity of formation is more, size is less, and then refiner material tissue, alleviate dendritic segregation, promote uniform composition.
2) second step, adopts spray or air-blast device, continuingly acts on Steel ingot feeder head, rising head top is solidified completely;
3) the 3rd step, is positioned over steel ingot in thermal car, is transported to forging press, samming 0.5 ~ 2 hour;
4) the 4th step, is positioned over steel ingot on forging press operating desk, uses wide flat anvil diametrically (thickness) Direction distortion 10 ~ 50%;
5) the 5th step, after steel ingot is deformed to specified size, use wide flat anvil to keep pressure durations to act on steel ingot, action time is not less than 5 minutes, and deflection is not more than 5%;
6) the 6th step, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is lower than final forging temperature, then returns high temperature furnace samming, performs next forging times.
In the first step, steel ingot demould time adopts computer simulation to determine, ingot mould is designed to two kinds of modes, and one is back draught, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, and during the demoulding, rising head case and ingot body remove simultaneously; Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small " pattern, inserts lifting boom, after rising head edge solidifies, remove rising head case, steel ingot and ingot mould are removed by lifting boom after cast at rising head edge.
In second step, adopt spray or air-blast device, continuingly act on Steel ingot feeder head, rising head top is solidified completely, and surface temperature is lower than 1200 DEG C (being preferably 1100 DEG C ~ 1180 DEG C).
In 3rd step, steel ingot to be positioned in thermal car samming 0.5 ~ 2 hour, is transported to forging press, and before opening forging, surface of steel ingot temperature minimum point is not less than 1000 DEG C (being preferably 1100 DEG C ~ 1250 DEG C).
In 4th step, in main deformation process, wide flat anvil should be adopted to be out of shape, anvil is wide should cover steel ingot total length, deformation rate 10 ~ 50% (being preferably 20 ~ 50%), and once distortion puts in place, and shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is closed;
In 5th step, after main transformer shape is terminated, use wide flat anvil to carry out pressurize and slow Light deformation, pressure action time is not less than 5 minutes (being preferably 5 ~ 10 minutes), deflection is not more than 5% (being preferably 1 ~ 5%), makes the abundant seam of defect closed.
In 6th step, after the compacting of center, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, if this fire cannot be shaped, fire time shaping can be increased.
Embodiment 1
The steel ingot weight of smelting cast is 9 tons, and cross section is rectangle, is of a size of 720 × 1080 × 1450mm, and material is H13 steel, and its actual measurement composition is as shown in table 1.
The chemical composition (percetage by weight, %) of H13 steel in table 1 embodiment 1
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | Fe |
| Actual measurement composition | 0.38 | 0.93 | 0.37 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 5.34 | 1.42 | 0.14 | 1.05 | More than |
Carry out the soft core conducting forging processing of superhigh temperature to the H13 steel ingot of 9 tons of weights, concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding.After ingot steel casting 3.5h, blown off by rising head covering slag, make the demoulding of steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature, ingot body surface temperature 1230 DEG C, steel ingot central temperature remains on more than 1350 DEG C.
Second step, closes rising head top.Adopt spray equipment, continuingly act on Steel ingot feeder head 10min, rising head top is solidified completely, surface temperature 1180 DEG C.
3rd step, transhipment and samming.Be positioned over by steel ingot in thermal car, 30min is transported to forging press, then after samming 30min: surface of steel ingot minimum temperature 1100 DEG C, surface of steel ingot maximum temperature 1250 DEG C, now departs from thermal car, prepares forging.
4th step, wide anvil large deformation.Be positioned over by steel ingot on forging press operating desk, use wide flat anvil through-thickness to be out of shape 240mm, once distortion puts in place.
5th step, high temperature pressurize.After steel ingot is deformed to specified size, uses wide flat anvil to keep pressure durations to act on steel ingot, action time 10min, deflection 3%, make the abundant seam of defect closed.
6th step, by the pulling of steel ingot cross section to 800 × 800mm, after chamfered edge, jumping-up is to being highly 1200mm, pulls out to Φ 450mm.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1, select the weight of steel ingot, material chemical composition and subsequent machining technology all consistent with embodiment 1 with final forging ' s block dimension.Comparative example 1 adopts conventional steel ingot solidify the rear demoulding, annealing completely and heat and Forging Technology again, and concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, the middle temperature demoulding.After ingot steel casting 8h, ingot body and rising head solidify completely, make the steel ingot demoulding, ingot body surface temperature 700 DEG C.
Second step, high annealing.Be positioned over by steel ingot in 850 DEG C of heating furnaces, after insulation 15h, slow cooling is to surface temperature 300 DEG C.
3rd step, transhipment.Be positioned over by steel ingot in thermal car, 30min is transported to forging press, is then slowly heated to 850 DEG C, after insulation 5h, is more slowly heated to 1230 DEG C, prepares forging.
4th step, One-time forging.By steel ingot along short transverse jumping-up 50%, then pull out to sectional dimension 800 × 800mm, chamfered edge fed to boiler heats again.
5th step, the second fire forging.By steel ingot along short transverse jumping-up 50%, then pull out to sectional dimension 800 × 800mm, chamfered edge fed to boiler heats again.
6th step, the 3rd fire forging.By steel ingot pulling to Φ 450mm.
Isothermal spheroidization is carried out for the H13 forging in embodiment 1 and in comparative example 1, be incubated 5h respectively 850 DEG C and 750 DEG C, slowly cool to room temperature, get forging center sample, adopt metallographic microscope to analyze sample tissue state, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is shown in concrete metallographic structure.Can be found by figure, the tissue in embodiment obtains abundant refinement, and average grain size is only 10 μm, and still there is the large-scale crystal grain of 100 μm in comparative example.Meanwhile, the distribution of carbides in embodiment is very even, and without Aliquation carbide, and the carbide in comparative example exists segregation phenomenon, and skewness also has a small amount of Aliquation carbide.The structural state of heat treatment after forging absolutely proves, conventional wrought processes is difficult to thoroughly eliminate Aliquation carbide, and organize thick, proeutectoid carbide skewness, and the soft core forging making method of superhigh temperature of the present invention effectively can eliminate Aliquation carbide, obtain evenly tiny crystal grain, and the proeutectoid carbide of small and dispersed, therefore significantly can promote the service life of mould steel.
Claims (8)
1. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature, is characterized in that, first by the steel ingot band liquid core superhigh temperature demoulding after cast; Then be positioned over samming in thermal car and be transported to forging press, steel ingot band liquid core being implemented high temperature pressurize forging, make solidification end dendrite fully broken, form a large amount of equiaxed grain structure, eliminating shrinkage cavity and loosen, alleviate dendritic segregation; Finally, routine forging is carried out, abundant crystal grain thinning and tissue.
2. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding; The steel ingot ingot body surface temperature after the demoulding is made to be not less than 1100 DEG C, 1300 ~ 1450 DEG C, center;
Second step, closes rising head top; Adopt spray or air-blast device, continuingly act on Steel ingot feeder head, rising head top is solidified completely;
3rd step, transhipment and samming; Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, is transported to forging press, samming 0.5 ~ 2 hour, prepare forging;
4th step, wide anvil large deformation; Steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, uses wide flat anvil through-thickness to be out of shape 10 ~ 50%;
5th step, high temperature pressurize; After steel ingot is deformed to specified size, use wide flat anvil to keep pressure durations to act on steel ingot, action time is not less than 5 minutes, and deflection is not more than 5%;
6th step, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is lower than final forging temperature, then returns high temperature furnace samming, performs next forging times.
3. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the first step, steel ingot demould time adopts computer simulation to determine, ingot mould is designed to two kinds of modes, and one is back draught, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, during the demoulding, rising head case and ingot body remove simultaneously; Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small " pattern, inserts lifting boom, after rising head edge solidifies, remove rising head case, steel ingot and ingot mould are removed by lifting boom after cast at rising head edge.
4. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in second step, when rising head top is solidified completely, rising head surface temperature is lower than 1200 DEG C.
5. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 3rd step, before opening forging, surface of steel ingot temperature minimum point is not less than 1000 DEG C.
6. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 4th step, in main deformation process, the anvil adopting wide flat anvil to be out of shape is wide should cover steel ingot total length, and once distortion puts in place, and shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is closed.
7. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 5th step, after main transformer shape is terminated, uses wide flat anvil to carry out pressurize and Light deformation, makes the abundant seam of defect closed.
8. the soft core forging making method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 6th step, after the compacting of center, by steel ingot forging to final forging ' s block dimension, if this forging times cannot be shaped, increases forging times and is shaped.
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| PCT/CN2014/092623 WO2016011759A1 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-29 | Forging method for ultra-high temperature soft core of steel ingot |
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| CN105268884B (en) | 2017-04-19 |
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