CN103691860A - Machining method for effectively improving quality of large forging - Google Patents
Machining method for effectively improving quality of large forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN103691860A CN103691860A CN201310662675.8A CN201310662675A CN103691860A CN 103691860 A CN103691860 A CN 103691860A CN 201310662675 A CN201310662675 A CN 201310662675A CN 103691860 A CN103691860 A CN 103691860A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a machining method for effectively improving quality of a large forging, belongs to the technical field of smelting and forging, and belongs to an improvement on the smelting and forging of the large forging. The method comprises the steps of firstly, in the smelting process, prefabricating a water gap jaw in the water gap end of an ingot, so the distribution state of water gap deposition cones is changed and the metallurgical quality of the ingot is improved; secondly, adopting riser-free forging in the forging loop and changing the fiber direction of the forging, so the forging quality of the ingot water gap is effectively improved. Through the improvement on the smelting and forging, the hot-working quality of the large forging is effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to smelt and technical field of forging, be specifically related to a kind of machining manufacture of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings.
Background technology
Large forgings occupies critical role in national economy, is at indispensable vitals in each field such as electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, Aeronautics and Astronautics, ocean, mine, machinery.There is not great change decades in the manufacturing process of large forgings, because of the not eliminable various as cast condition defects of ingot casting existence in various degree, especially the Inclusion Defects at the large-sized casting ingot mouth of a river, in forging process, be always rely on traditional by ingot casting percentage excision method, to do not enter forging body, certainly will cause waste to ingot casting material like this.Improve ingot casting utilization rate, reduce capital loss and be always the bottleneck of industry development for many years, how to improve the quality of large forgings, the excision amount that reduces again ingot casting mouth of a river rejected material is simultaneously the hot worked research direction of forging always.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve forging quality, reduce spillage of material simultaneously, the invention provides a kind of processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings.The method has reduced the forging weight of ingot casting blank, has improved ingot casting mouth of a river utilization rate, has reached the energy-saving and cost-reducing object in heavy forging hot-working aspect.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings, comprising: cast heating → jumping-up before ingot processed → excision rising head → forging → pull out to the step of required form → excision clout.
Specific operation process is:
1) ingot casting, described ingot casting comprises ingot casting body, rising head, the mouth of a river and mouth of a river jaw four parts, wherein mouth of a river average diameter D
waterwith mouth of a river jaw average diameter D
jawrelation be: D
water>=D
jaw>=1/3D
water, the length L>=1000mm of mouth of a river jaw;
2) the ingot casting demoulding, cuts away whole rising head, and then enters next step operation;
3), by the ingot casting removing after rising head, be transported to and add hot shop and forge front heating;
4) by heating after ingot casting, along rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up, until the total compression at ingot casting body and mouth of a river amount >=ingot casting body and mouth of a river overall length 40% time, stop the application of force;
5) jumping-up part step 4) being obtained, clamps mouth of a river jaw, pulls out to required form;
6) 3%～5% excision of mouth of a river jaw being excised, lower end, the mouth of a river is pressed ingot casting gross weight, so far obtains qualified forging.
The ingot casting of casting in step 1), note: ingot casting body average diameter D, rising head average diameter is D
emit, mouth of a river average diameter is D
water,, D
emit>=D>=D
water.
The average diameter D of mouth of a river jaw
jawand length, also to meet the clamping requirement of postorder forging machine or sleeve simultaneously.
Before forging, heating-up temperature is in high temperature austenite temperature province, and steel ingot is generally at 750-1250 ℃.
In described step 4), the ingot casting by after heating, is placed into hydraulic press workspace, at the top of ingot casting, press and be set up upset plate, the mouth of a river jaw of bottom is located in the lower drain cap being placed on away on material platform, and the application of force on upper upset plate then, along rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) the present invention can carry out for all ingot castings in principle, by prefabricated mouth of a river jaw below the ingot casting mouth of a river, and appropriate design jaw specification, the distribution of ingot casting nozzle clip foreign material deposition cone effectively improved, it is leveled off to and in the jaw of the mouth of a river, distribute, be conducive to the excision of impurity thing in forging.
2) in technical process, before forging, cut away ingot casting rising head, reduce rough forging weight, and can reduce the forging process of rising head bar hold, reduced processing cost.
3) direct jumping-up, jumping-up direction is rising head → mouth of a river, has changed traditional mouth of a river → rising head and has forged fiber flow direction, is conducive to the eliminating of deposition cone.
4) D
jaw>=1/3D
waterproportionate relationship be beneficial in follow-up forging process from rising head and deposition cone flowed in the jaw of the mouth of a river or its jumping-up extension position from the residual position of ingot body, the mouth of a river during to mouth of a river jumping-up, can effectively improve the quality at position, the ingot casting mouth of a river.
5) compare with traditional handicraft, this method integral body has reduced the rejected material excision of mouth of a river ingot body, and the finished product forging of manufacture can be saved nearly 9% ingot body weight, amounts to into 5～8% of ingot casting weight, and ingot casting utilization rate can bring up to 65% by traditional approximately 60%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ingot casting schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 be in the specific embodiment of the invention, relate to without rising head forging operation schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of practicality, forges processing method efficiently, effectively improves the crudy of heavy forging, the steps include:
1) first press ingot casting shown in Fig. 1.According to the characteristic of casting, rising head 2 can be left in the top at ingot casting body 1 after having cast, and the mouth of a river 3 can be left in bottom.Note ingot casting body average diameter is D, and rising head average diameter is D
emit, mouth of a river average diameter is D
water, in general, D
emit>=D>=D
water.
In method of the present invention, in order to reduce as much as possible waste of material, obtain better forging effect, at the beginning of casting, just designed mouth of a river manipulator or forged the mouth of a river jaw 4 that sleeve can clamp, be positioned at the bottom at the mouth of a river 3, jaw diameter D
jawbe less than mouth of a river diameter D
water.It is reasonable that mouth of a river jaw 4 designs, and can effectively improve the distribution (Fig. 2 shows) of the nozzle clip foreign material-deposition cone 5 forming in casting process, makes deposition cone 5 trend towards mouth of a river jaw 4 central parts.Through constantly testing and grope, the present invention proposes mouth of a river jaw specification and is: D
water>=D
jaw>=1/3D
water, length L>=1000mm; Require mouth of a river jaw specification to be applicable to the clamping requirement of postorder forging machine or sleeve simultaneously.
D
jaw>=1/3D
water, meet and improve mouth of a river deposition cone distribution occasion, be beneficial in follow-up forging process from rising head and deposition bored and flowed in the jaw of the mouth of a river or its jumping-up extension position from the residual position of ingot body, the mouth of a river during to mouth of a river jumping-up, can effectively improve the quality at position, the ingot casting mouth of a river.
2) will cast after the ingot casting demoulding, enter before forging process, first cut away whole rising head 2, then enter forging process.
After the casting demoulding, cut away in advance rising head, can save pressure-pad mouth operation one to forging process, meanwhile, without time heating of rising head ingot casting the first fire and forging, have rising head ingot casting loss of weight approximately 14～20%, operate lighter.Cutting method can adopt autogenous cutting.
3), by the ingot casting removing after rising head, be transported to and add hot shop and forge front heating.Because material is different, heating-up temperature is distinguished to some extent, and in general, for cast steel, before forging, heating-up temperature is in high temperature austenite temperature province, and value set is at 750-1250 ℃.
4) as shown in Figure 2, the ingot casting by after heating, is placed into hydraulic press workspace, at the top of ingot casting, presses and is set up upset plate 6, and 4 of the mouth of a river jaws of bottom are located in the lower drain cap 7 being placed on away on material platform.Then the application of force above upper upset plate 6, from rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up ingot casting body 1, makes the deposition cone 5 at 3 positions, the mouth of a river move down to mouth of a river jaw direction.The application of force until ingot casting body 1 and the mouth of a river 3 total compression amount >=ingot casting bodies 1 and the mouth of a river 3 overall lengths 40% time, stop the application of force.
Jumping-up direction of the present invention is rising head → mouth of a river, has changed the fiber flow direction of the traditional mouth of a river → rising head jumping-up, makes mouth of a river deposition cone 5 flow to mouth of a river jaw 4 directions, deviates from ingot casting body 1, is beneficial to the final excision of position, mouth of a river inclusions area.
5) clamp mouth of a river jaw 4 positions, the jumping-up part that step 4) is obtained pulls out to required form, then excises mouth of a river jaw 4 and 3 lower ends, the mouth of a river, and the mouth of a river 3 lower end rejected materials are pressed 3%～5% excision of ingot casting gross weight, so far obtain qualified forging.
The present invention is prefabricated mouth of a river jaw in ingot process processed, has changed the distribution of nozzle clip foreign material and mouth of a river deposition cone, has improved the metallurgical quality of ingot casting; Secondly forging link employing without rising head forging, change the machine direction of forging simultaneously, also effectively improved the forging quality at the ingot casting mouth of a river.Improvement by above smelting and forging aspect can break through traditional handicraft, effectively improves the hot-working quality of heavy forging.
Above-described embodiment is only for illustrating the present invention, and wherein local technique can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. effectively improve a processing method for Quality of Large Forgings, it is characterized in that, comprising: cast the front heating → jumping-up of ingot processed → excision rising head → forging → pull out to the step of required form → excision clout.
2. the processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings according to claim 1, is characterized in that, specific operation process is:
1) ingot casting, described ingot casting comprises ingot casting body (1), rising head (2), the mouth of a river (3) and mouth of a river jaw (4) four parts, the wherein mouth of a river (3) average diameter D
waterwith mouth of a river jaw (4) average diameter D
jawrelation be: D
water>=D
jaw>=1/3D
water, the length L>=1000mm of mouth of a river jaw (4);
2) the ingot casting demoulding, cuts away whole rising head (2), and then enters next step operation;
3), by the ingot casting removing after rising head, be transported to and add hot shop and forge front heating;
4) by heating after ingot casting, along rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up, until total compression amount >=ingot casting body (1) of ingot casting body (1) and the mouth of a river (3) and the mouth of a river (3) overall length 40% time, stop the application of force;
5) jumping-up part step 4) being obtained, clamps mouth of a river jaw (4), pulls out to required form;
6) 3%～5% excision of mouth of a river jaw (4) being excised, lower end, the mouth of a river (3) is pressed ingot casting gross weight, so far obtains qualified forging.
3. the processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the ingot casting of casting in step 1), note: ingot casting body (1) average diameter D, rising head (2) average diameter is D
emit, the mouth of a river (3) average diameter is D
water,, D
emit>=D>=D
water.
4. according to the processing method of the effective raising Quality of Large Forgings described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that the average diameter D of mouth of a river jaw (4)
jawand length, also to meet the clamping requirement of postorder forging machine or sleeve simultaneously.
5. according to the processing method of the effective raising Quality of Large Forgings described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, before forging, heating-up temperature is in high temperature austenite temperature province.
6. the processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings according to claim 5, is characterized in that, for steel ingot, before forging, heating-up temperature is at 750-1250 ℃.
7. according to the processing method of the effective raising Quality of Large Forgings described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in described step 4), by the ingot casting after heating, be placed into hydraulic press workspace, at the top of ingot casting, press and be set up upset plate (6), the mouth of a river jaw (4) of bottom is located in the lower drain cap (7) being placed on away on material platform, then in the upper application of force of upper upset plate (6), along rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up.
8. the processing method of effective raising Quality of Large Forgings according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in described step 4), by the ingot casting after heating, be placed into hydraulic press workspace, at the top of ingot casting, press and be set up upset plate (6), the mouth of a river jaw (4) of bottom is located in the lower drain cap (7) being placed on away on material platform, then in the upper application of force of upper upset plate (6), along rising head → mouth of a river direction jumping-up.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104907473A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Method for hot processing of large die flat steel forged piece |
| CN105268884A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot |
| CN105436368A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Superhigh-temperature crossed large-deformation forging method for improving structure uniformity of tool and mold steel |
| CN107263037A (en) * | 2017-07-29 | 2017-10-20 | 佛山市毅力机械制造有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel service plate processing technology |
| CN107552699A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of large-scale upsetting apparatus |
| CN107617711A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-23 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Improve the forging method of refining Flat Die Steel volume recovery |
| CN108660302A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 苏州罗克莱堆焊科技有限公司 | A kind of production control method of large scale seabed forging |
| CN111889602A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-06 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Upsetting plate for improving electroslag ingot forging roll yield and forging method |
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| JPH08206762A (en) * | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | Wire rod straightening device |
| JP2000135546A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-16 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd | Manufacture of forging steel block |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105268884A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot |
| CN105436368A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Superhigh-temperature crossed large-deformation forging method for improving structure uniformity of tool and mold steel |
| CN105436368B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Superhigh-temperature crossed large-deformation forging method for improving structure uniformity of tool and mold steel |
| CN104907473A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Method for hot processing of large die flat steel forged piece |
| CN107552699A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 宝钢特钢有限公司 | A kind of manufacture method of large-scale upsetting apparatus |
| CN107263037A (en) * | 2017-07-29 | 2017-10-20 | 佛山市毅力机械制造有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel service plate processing technology |
| CN107263037B (en) * | 2017-07-29 | 2019-04-12 | 佛山市顺创酒店制品有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel service plate processing technology |
| CN107617711A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-23 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Improve the forging method of refining Flat Die Steel volume recovery |
| CN108660302A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-10-16 | 苏州罗克莱堆焊科技有限公司 | A kind of production control method of large scale seabed forging |
| CN111889602A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-06 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Upsetting plate for improving electroslag ingot forging roll yield and forging method |
| CN111889602B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-01-07 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Upsetting plate for improving electroslag ingot forging roll yield and forging method |
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