CN105268884B - Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot - Google Patents
Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN105268884B CN105268884B CN201410349152.2A CN201410349152A CN105268884B CN 105268884 B CN105268884 B CN 105268884B CN 201410349152 A CN201410349152 A CN 201410349152A CN 105268884 B CN105268884 B CN 105268884B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of steel forging, in particular to a method for forging a superhigh-temperature soft core of a die cast steel ingot. The method comprises the steps that first, the poured steel ingot with a liquid core is subjected to superhigh-temperature die stripping; second, the poured steel ingot with the liquid core is placed in a thermos van for temperature equilibrium and then is conveyed to a forging press, the steel ingot with the liquid core is subjected to high-temperature pressure maintaining forging, solidified tail end branch crystals are fully broken, a large quantity of equiaxed crystal structures are formed, shrinkage cavities and porosity are eliminated, and dendritic segregation is lightened; and at last, general forging is conducted, and crystalline grains and structures are fully refined. The method breaks through the conventional method that the die cast steel ingot is forged after being completely solidified; a semi-solid structure with excellent liquidity on the core part of the steel ingot and the huge temperature difference between the surface and the core part are created through superhigh-temperature die stripping of the steel ingot with the liquid core; combined with a subsequent heavy pressure and pressure maintaining method, forced feeding and pressure solidification can be achieved; the problems of shrinkage cavities, porosity, segregation and the like of the center of the steel ingot are solved, and the metallurgical quality is improved; the riser weight is lowered, the heating number of forging is decreased, and the service life of a die is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forging field of steel, is specifically a kind of soft core forging method of superhigh temperature of static ingot.
Background technology
Core of the large forgings as the large-scale outfit in the fields such as metallurgical machinery, petrochemical industry, communications and transportation, electricity power
Heart parts, in the development of the national economy, defence equipment and great science apparatus extremely important effect is played, its production energy
Power and quality level are to weigh a national capacity of will important symbol strong and weak with national power.Therefore, the interior of large forgings is improved
In quality, it is ensured that the safety and reliability tool in its running is of great significance.
Large forgings is typically formed by large-scale steel ingot forging.It is inevitable because metal freezing shrinks inside steel ingot
Ground produces substantial amounts of micropipe and rarefaction defect, and these hole type defect Dispersed precipitates destroy material in steel ingot center portion
Continuity, affects the mechanical property of forging.Simultaneously as the solute redistribution of process of setting, solidification end not only alloy concentrations
Height, and be often enriched with low melting point and impurity element, forms dendritic segregation, it is this be segregated in follow-up forging process can only
Part improves, it is impossible to be completely eliminated, and destroys the homogenieity of material, affects the tissue and performance of forging.
In order to improve the compactness and homogenieity of forging, large quantities of scientific research personnel are devoted for years to show in exploitation elimination steel ingot center portion
Micro-v oid and " center compacting " technique for improving microscopic segregation, the technique for having obtained commercial Application at present, such as：(wide anvil is strong for WHF methods
Platen press), FM methods (center portion disappear tension method), JTS methods (duricrust forging method) etc..These process meanses improve forging center portion should
Power, strain regime, promote the healing of hole class defect, and by recrystallization as-cast structure has been crushed, make forging with zero defect or
Microdefect state is on active service, and improves the safety in operation of Grand Equipments.However, due to material composition and the diversity of steel ingot specification
And complexity, cause the size of central defect and be distributed to be difficult to be weighed with unified standard quantitative, the different material of same ingot shape
Matter, is forged using identical forging technology, and some some can then can not by flaw detection.For example, ratio of height to diameter is adopted for 2
15 tons of ingot shapes produce 42CrMo and H13 steel ingots, same to forge using WHF methods, and the forging of 42CrMo materials can pass through flaw detection, and
H13 but can not pass through, and this is primarily due to H13 freezing ranges width, and shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is even more serious.This present situation illustrates to work as
Front center compaction process is still not enough to eliminate some steel ingot centers than more serious defect.Therefore, exploitation more strength is effective
Forging method, thoroughly eliminates steel ingot central defect imperative.
At present, almost all of forging carries out forging by the way of cold (temperature) ingot reheating.1) mode one：It is right
In the less steel ingot of some weight, steel ingot is poured into a mould first, steel ingot is cooled in ingot mould 300～500 DEG C, then to avoid being cooled to
Ftracture during room temperature, prolonged Stress relieving annealing need to be carried out, prolonged gradient reheating is then carried out in stove, make steel
Ingot internal and external temperature uniformly reaches more than 1200 DEG C, is finally forged, and the process-cycle is very long；2) mode two：For some weights
The larger steel ingot of amount, pours into a mould first steel ingot, steel ingot is cooled to into rising head in ingot mould and is solidified completely, then carries out the demoulding, now ingot
Body temperature is generally 700～900 DEG C, and this temperature state steel ingot is put into heat in heat insulation tank and send (red to send) to be heated in heating furnace,
Make steel ingot internal and external temperature uniformly reach more than 1200 DEG C, finally forged, this mode has saved to a certain extent heating
The energy, shortens work flow；3) however, for some steel grades, at 850～950 DEG C, AlN is along the thick austenite grain boundary of as cast condition
Separate out, weaken crystal boundary, now red immediately sending occur in heating, short time austenite decomposition and austenitizing phase transformation twice, holds
Face crack is easily caused, this steel ingot has to be subcooled to 200～300 DEG C, then is heated, the remaining temperature of steel ingot is lost in vain
Fall, cause significant wastage.
In recent years, a kind of soft reduction technique is developed in continuous casting billet manufacture field, this technology is by Continuous Casting Square/plate
Base wick-containing end is applied around pressure and produces certain drafts to compensate the solidification shrinkage amount of strand.On the one hand can eliminate or
Reduce strand and shrink the internal voids to be formed, the molten steel for preventing intergranular solute element flows to strand central cross；It is another
Aspect, the squeezing action produced by slighter compress can also promote the solute element molten steel that wick-containing center is enriched with reverse along throwing direction
Flowing, makes solute element redistribute in molten steel, so that the solidified structure of strand more even compact, plays improvement center
Segregation and the effect of reduction center porosity.Selection of the soft reduction technique to depressing position is extremely important, and pressure is too early, central metal
Ot-yet-hardened, rarefaction defect can also be formed after depression；Too late, metal is in the higher two-phase section of fraction solid, flowing for pressure
Property it is poor, intensive crackle is easily produced under small deformation.It is generally acknowledged that pressure can be sent out when center fraction solid reaches 0.3～0.7
Wave preferably effect.Meanwhile, the selection of drafts is also important, and according to capacity of equipment, general reduction ratio is 1～3%.Continuous casting billet
Soft reduction technique can to a certain extent improve the center mass of straight carbon steel and low-alloy steel billet, but for mould must be adopted
The steel alloy that casting mode is produced is helpless.In fact, the freezing range of steel alloy is often wider, central pipe is loose, branch
The defects such as brilliant segregation are even more serious, with greater need for solidification and translating meanses are combined, eliminate or mitigate the central defect of steel billet.
The content of the invention
The central defect and inherent quality problem of steel ingot in for producing in current industrial, it is an object of the invention to provide one
The soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature is planted, the metallurgical imperfections such as loose, the mitigation dendritic segregation of shrinkage cavity of steel ingot, refinement group can be eliminated
Knit, lift forging metallurgical quality and mechanical property, reach the shortening process-cycle, energy-conservation, section material improve die life, drop
The purpose of low forging cost.
The technical scheme is that：
The soft core forging method of a kind of steel ingot superhigh temperature, first by the steel ingot band wick-containing superhigh temperature demoulding after cast；Then put
It is placed in thermal car samming and is transported to forging press, steel ingot band wick-containing is implemented into high temperature dwell press forging and is made, makes solidification end dendrite
It is fully broken, a large amount of equiaxed grain structures are formed, elimination shrinkage cavity is loose, mitigates dendritic segregation；Finally, conventional forging is carried out, fully
Crystal grain thinning and tissue.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, comprises the following steps that：
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding；The steel ingot ingot body surface temperature after the demoulding is set to be not less than 1100 DEG C, center 1300～
1450℃；
Second step, closing rising head top；Using spray or air-blast device, Steel ingot feeder head is continuingly acted on, make rising head top
Solidify completely；
3rd step, transhipment and samming；Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, forging press is transported to, samming 0.5～2 hour is accurate
Standby forging；
4th step, wide anvil large deformation；Steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, is deformed using wide flat anvil through-thickness
10～50%；
5th step, high temperature pressurize；Steel ingot is deformed to after specified size, keeps pressure to continuingly act on steel using wide flat anvil
Ingot, action time is not less than 5 minutes, and deflection is not more than 5%；
6th step, steel ingot is forged to final forging's block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is less than finish-forging temperature
Degree, then return high temperature furnace samming, performs next forging times.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the first step, steel ingot demoulding time is determined using computer simulation,
Ingot mould is designed as two ways, and one kind is back draught, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, and rising head case and ingot body are simultaneously de- during the demoulding
Remove；Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small " pattern, and lifting boom is inserted at rising head edge after cast, after the solidification of rising head edge,
Removing rising head case, is removed on steel ingot and ingot mould by lifting boom.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in second step, when rising head top solidifies completely, rising head surface temperature
Less than 1200 DEG C.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 3rd step, before opening forging, surface of steel ingot temperature minimum point is not less than
1000℃。
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 4th step, during main transformer shape, the anvil deformed using wide flat anvil
Width should cover steel ingot total length, once deform in place, close shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 5th step, after main transformer shape terminates, using wide flat anvil pressurize is carried out
And Light deformation, make the abundant seam of defect of closure.
The soft core forging method of described steel ingot superhigh temperature, in the 6th step, after the compacting of center, steel ingot is forged to final forging
Size, if what this forging times cannot shape, increase forging times shaping.
The physical metallurgy and mechanical analysis of the present invention is as follows：
During solidification phase transformation, larger change in volume to molten metal will there is.By taking ferrous materials as an example, density during liquid
About 7300kg/m3, density is about 7800kg/m during solid-state3, so big density contrast will cause to be produced in as-cast structure after solidification
Different degrees of shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.In general, solid, liquid two-phase area is more wide in range, loose tendency is produced more serious.In order to
This volume contraction of supplement, conventional method is that rising head is placed at the top of steel ingot, by good riser head heat-preserving condition, in making rising head
Keep the metal of liquid under gravity, the volume contraction of ingot body can be supplemented, and then mitigate shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.Generally
Rising head is bigger, and heat insulation effect is better, better to the feeding effect of ingot body.
However, increase rising head is to sacrifice the stock utilization of steel ingot as cost, in order to avoid steel ingot central pipe lacks
Fall into, steel ingot weight is even more than 30% shared by some rising heads, and this is very uneconomic.Ideally, stock utilization compared with
High steel ingot should be that ratio of height to diameter is larger, the less shape of rising head, but due to feeding distance it is long, the liquid metal of rising head part
Steel ingot center cannot be added to, serious secondary pipe defect is caused.This shrinkage cavity defect can be given by follow-up forging
Mitigate, but for the shrinkage cavity defect of especially severe, when especially Molten Steel Cleanliness is poor, blemish surface enrichment low melting point,
These hole type defects are more difficult to be healed by conventional forging mode, and the very big forging ratio of needs could be by healing interface
Field trash is smashed, disperseed, therefore brings high production cost and unstable product quality.
Some solidification theories classical both at home and abroad and experimental study show that the formation of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect in steel ingot is one
Forming core, the process grown up.Earliest miniature loose often originates from field trash or bubble, during subsequent cooling meat,
These it is miniature it is loose drastically grow up in the presence of tension, formed loose or even shrinkage cavity, draw defect.If can be in loose shape
Into early stage healed, and the environment of a three-dimensional compressive stress is created during follow-up volume contraction, thoroughly suppression will be expected to
The formation and extension of rarefaction defect processed.
The experimental study that early stage of the present invention passes through system, it is proposed that process of the steel ingot superhigh temperature with the wick-containing demoulding, this
Mould design, by cleverly Design of Dies, is up-small and down-big structure using confrontational thought by the method for kind, realizes superelevation
The temperate zone wick-containing demoulding, up to 1100～1250 DEG C, part wick-containing is still contained at center to surface of steel ingot temperature, and temperature is up to 1300～1450
℃.Now the rarefaction defect at center is just formed, and is not yet grown up, if implement weight under and be incubated, pressurize, can make less
The complete seam of rarefaction defect；Meanwhile, the semi-solid-state metal of solidification end is in the presence of pressure and deformation, it may occur that local weight
Molten, the dendrite of overlap joint is completely broken, and interdendritic concentration molten steel and broken crystal grain will be relatively low to other concentration by exclusion
Position, together with the mixing of molten steel of remelting, reduces the solute concentration of solidification end, improves the ratio of equiax crystal, and then
Dendritic segregation is alleviated, homogenizing for material is promoted.
In sum, solidification and microstructure Evolution rule of the present invention based on metal under pressure and metamorphosis, proposes first
The steel ingot band wick-containing superhigh temperature demoulding, surface temperature are not less than into 1100 DEG C, 1300～1450 DEG C of center；Then high temperature pressurize is carried out
Forging and stamping, and keep pressure to continuingly act on steel ingot.The present invention breaches the method forged again after conventional static ingot solidifies completely,
Ingot casting and the detached operation of two scripts of forging are fully combined, by the superhigh temperature band wick-containing demoulding, the steel ingot heart is created
The fabulous microstructure of semisolid of portion's mobility and surface and the huge temperature difference of center portion, with reference under follow-up weight and pressurize technique, can be real
Feeding and pressure solidification are now forced, the problems such as not only solving the shrinkage cavity at steel ingot center, loose, segregation, organize thick, is improved
Metallurgical quality, and rising head weight is reduced, Forge Heating fire is reduced, die life is extended, shorten processing
Flow process, significantly reduces the hot-working expense of forging.
The present invention has the advantage that and beneficial effect：
1st, material internal quality is substantially improved.Due to the superhigh temperature large deformation at steel ingot center, it is loose to completely eliminate shrinkage cavity,
Dendritic segregation defect is alleviated, structural homogenity is lifted, the center mechanical property of heavy in section forging stock is accessible even up to
The performance level on surface.
2nd, Ingot Surface Quality is substantially improved.Due to there is no concern that the loose problem of central pipe, pouring temperature can be improved
And poring rate, the surface quality of alloy steel ingot is substantially improved.
3rd, processing charges is reduced, realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction.Because the superhigh temperature band wick-containing demoulding, steel ingot thermal capacitance are big, master can be saved
Want a fire heating, at the same the forging operation time can more conventional mode of heating extend 1 times, significantly reduce heating and forging expense.
4th, work flow and cycle are significantly shortened.High temperature release can shorten cool time 30～50%, be forged using waste heat
The heat time 30～40% is reduced, production efficiency is greatly improved.Simultaneously as demoulding time shortens, the service life of ingot mould
1～2 times can be lifted.
5th, stock utilization is substantially improved.Due to being independent of rising head gravity feeding, rising head weight can reduce by 30～50%, steel
Ingot is designed as the shape that ratio of height to diameter is up to more than 5, and more traditional ratio of height to diameter is that 1～2 ingot shape lifts stock utilization more than 15%.
6th, the requirement to forging equipment ability is reduced.Due to two-phase zone state of the steel ingot in superhigh temperature, central area
The 1/10 of resistance of deformation deficiency solid-state completely, therefore significantly reduce ability need of the forging process to press apparatus, Ke Yishi
Existing " manufacturing heavy forging with skinny device ".
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 makes schematic flow sheet for the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention；Wherein, (a) be steel ladle pouring steel ingot, (b) be
Misting cooling after removing rising head case, is (c) that steel ingot is put into into heat in thermal car to send and samming, (d) is along steel ingot diameter/thickness side
It is (e) pressurize after deformation to deformation, is (f) to forge to finished product.
When Fig. 2 is superelevation warm deformation, the agglutination schematic diagram of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect；Wherein, (a) be just germinated dredge
Loose defect, (b) for it is loose large deformation effect under close, (c) be closure it is loose be decomposed in the presence of lasting pressurize it is aobvious
Micro-v oid, (d) for micro- hole, at high temperature under high pressure gradually diffusion disappears.
When Fig. 3 is to deform under superhigh temperature, the broken and Homogenization schematic diagram of dendrite；Wherein, (a) it is solidification end tree
Dendrite and residual liquid, (b) for dendrite large deformation effect under fracture, remelting, be decomposed into multistage discrete tissue, become follow-up
Melt continues the nucleus for solidifying, (c) for steel ingot center under pressure, in the way of approximately to solidify simultaneously, formation it is equiaxial
Crystalline substance tissue is (d) equiaxed grain structure in subsolidus temperature large deformation, and formation is more tiny equiaxial after recrystallizing
Crystalline substance tissue.
Fig. 4 is the H13 forging metallographic structure photos obtained using the soft core forging method of superhigh temperature in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the H13 forging metallographic structure photos obtained using conventional wrought processes in comparative example of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below, the present invention is described in further detail by embodiment and accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention to make flow process as follows：A () steel ladle pouring steel ingot → (b) removings emit
After mouthful case misting cooling → (c) by steel ingot be put into heat in thermal car send with samming → (d) along steel ingot diameter/thickness Direction distortion →
E pressurize → (f) is forged to finished product after () deformation.The inventive method suitable for carbon manganese steel, low-alloy steel, high-alloy steel, especially
It is that the soft core forging of steel ingot superhigh temperature that freezing range is wider, as-cast structure is especially flourishing is made.
In a specific embodiment, the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature of the present invention, first by the steel ingot band liquid after cast
The core superhigh temperature demoulding；It is then placed in thermal car samming and is transported to forging press, steel ingot band wick-containing is implemented into high temperature dwell press forging
Make, solidification end dendrite is fully crushed, form a large amount of equiaxed grain structures, elimination shrinkage cavity is loose, mitigates dendritic segregation；Most
Afterwards, the routinely forging such as jumping-up, pulling, abundant crystal grain thinning and tissue are carried out；Comprise the following steps that：
1) first step, by the steel ingot band wick-containing superhigh temperature demoulding, ingot body surface temperature is not less than 1100 DEG C (preferably 1150 DEG C
～1250 DEG C), central temperature is maintained at 1300～1450 DEG C；
As shown in Fig. 2 during superelevation warm deformation, the agglutination of shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect is as follows：A () has just germinated loose scarce
Loose the loose of closure → (c) closures under large deformation effect of sunken → (b) is decomposed into micro- hole in the presence of lasting pressurize
At high temperature under high pressure gradually diffusion disappears the micro- holes of → (d).Figure it is seen that compare implement deformation under complete solid-state,
Implementing large deformation in ingot solidification end can accelerate the High temperature diffusion at cave fillings interface, make shrinkage cavity loose type defect efficiently heal
Close, and then lift the consistency of material.
As shown in figure 3, when deforming under superhigh temperature, the broken and Homogenization of dendrite is as follows：(a) solidification end dendrite
And residual liquid → (b) dendrites large deformation effect under fracture, remelting, be decomposed into multistage discrete tissue, become subsequent melt
Continue nucleus → (c) the steel ingots center for solidifying under pressure, in the way of approximately to solidify simultaneously, the equiaxed grain structure of formation
→ (d) equiaxed grain structures are in subsolidus temperature large deformation, the more tiny equiaxed grain structure formed after recrystallizing.
From figure 3, it can be seen that compare implementing deformation under complete solid-state, implementing large deformation in ingot solidification end can more fully break
Broken dendrite, more, the smaller equiax crystal of quantity of formation, and then refiner material are organized, and mitigate dendritic segregation, promote composition
Uniformly.
2) second step, using spray or air-blast device, continuingly acts on Steel ingot feeder head, rising head top is solidified completely；
3) the 3rd step, steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, is transported to forging press, samming 0.5～2 hour；
4) the 4th step, steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, using wide flat anvil diametrically (thickness) Direction distortion 10
～50%；
5) the 5th step, steel ingot is deformed to after specified size, keeps pressure to continuingly act on steel ingot using wide flat anvil, during effect
Between be not less than 5 minutes, deflection is not more than 5%；
6) the 6th step, steel ingot is forged to final forging's block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is less than finish-forging temperature
Degree, then return high temperature furnace samming, performs next forging times.
In the first step, steel ingot demoulding time is determined using computer simulation, and ingot mould is designed as two ways, and one kind is for
Taper, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, rising head case and ingot body are removed simultaneously during the demoulding；Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small "
Pattern, after cast rising head edge insert lifting boom, rising head edge solidification after, remove rising head case, by lifting boom by steel ingot with
Ingot mould is removed.
In second step, using spray or air-blast device, Steel ingot feeder head is continuingly acted on, rising head top is solidified completely, and
Surface temperature is less than 1200 DEG C (preferably 1100 DEG C～1180 DEG C).
In 3rd step, steel ingot is positioned over samming 0.5～2 hour in thermal car, is transported to forging press, opens surface of steel ingot before forging
Temperature minimum point is not less than 1000 DEG C (preferably 1100 DEG C～1250 DEG C).
In 4th step, during main transformer shape, steel ingot total length, deformation rate 10 should should be covered using wide flat anvil deformation, anvil width
～50% (preferably 20～50%), once deform in place, close shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect；
In 5th step, after main transformer shape terminates, pressurize and slow Light deformation are carried out using wide flat anvil, pressure action time is not little
In 5 minutes (preferably 5～10 minutes), deflection was not more than 5% (preferably 1～5%), makes the abundant seam of defect of closure.
In 6th step, after the compacting of center, steel ingot is forged to final forging's block dimension, if what this fire cannot shape, can increase
Flame enrichment time shaping.
Embodiment 1
The steel ingot weight for smelting cast is 9 tons, and rectangular cross-section, size is 720 × 1080 × 1450mm, and material is H13
Steel, its actual measurement composition is as shown in table 1.
The chemical composition (percetage by weight, %) of H13 steel in the embodiment 1 of table 1
| Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | Fe |
| Actual measurement composition | 0.38 | 0.93 | 0.37 | 0.012 | 0.002 | 5.34 | 1.42 | 0.14 | 1.05 | It is remaining |
The soft core conducting forging processing of superhigh temperature is carried out to the H13 steel ingots of 9 tons of weights, is comprised the following steps that：
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding.After ingot steel casting 3.5h, rising head covering slag is blown off, make steel ingot band wick-containing superhigh temperature
The demoulding, 1230 DEG C of ingot body surface temperature, steel ingot central temperature is maintained at more than 1350 DEG C.
Second step, closing rising head top.Using spray equipment, Steel ingot feeder head 10min is continuingly acted on, make rising head top complete
Full solidification, 1180 DEG C of surface temperature.
3rd step, transhipment and samming.Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, 30min is transported to forging press, then samming 30min
Afterwards：1100 DEG C of surface of steel ingot minimum temperature, 1250 DEG C of surface of steel ingot maximum temperature now departs from thermal car, prepares forging.
4th step, wide anvil large deformation.Steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, is deformed using wide flat anvil through-thickness
240mm, once deforms in place.
5th step, high temperature pressurize.Steel ingot is deformed to after specified size, keeps pressure to continuingly act on steel using wide flat anvil
Ingot, action time 10min, deflection 3% makes the abundant seam of defect of closure.
6th step, steel ingot section is pulled out to 800 × 800mm, and jumping-up is 1200mm to height after chamfered edge, is pulled out to Φ
450mm。
Comparative example 1
Weight, material chemical composition and subsequent machining technology and final forging's block dimension in comparative example 1, from steel ingot
It is consistent with embodiment 1.Comparative example 1 demoulding, annealing and is reheated and forging technology after being solidified completely using conventional steel ingot,
Comprise the following steps that：
The first step, the middle temperature demoulding.After ingot steel casting 8h, ingot body and rising head solidify completely, make the steel ingot demoulding, ingot body surface temperature
700 DEG C of degree.
Second step, high annealing.Steel ingot is positioned in 850 DEG C of heating furnaces, slow cooling is to surface temperature 300 after insulation 15h
℃。
3rd step, transhipment.Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, 30min is transported to forging press, is then slowly heated to 850
DEG C, after insulation 5h, then 1230 DEG C are heated slowly to, preparation forging.
4th step, One-time forging.By steel ingot along short transverse jumping-up 50%, then pull out to sectional dimension 800 ×
800mm, chamfered edge fed to boiler is reheated.
5th step, the second fire forging.By steel ingot along short transverse jumping-up 50%, then pull out to sectional dimension 800 ×
800mm, chamfered edge fed to boiler is reheated.
6th step, the 3rd fire forging.Steel ingot is pulled out to Φ 450mm.
For the H13 forging in embodiment 1 and in comparative example 1 carries out Isothermal spheroidization, in 850 DEG C and 750 DEG C of difference
Insulation 5h, is slowly cooled to room temperature, and takes forging center sample, and sample tissue state is analyzed using metallographic microscope, has
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is shown in body metallographic structure.By figure it is found that the tissue in embodiment is fully refined, average grain size is only
10 μm, and 100 μm of large-scale crystal grain is still suffered from comparative example.Meanwhile, the distribution of carbides in embodiment is highly uniform, without liquation
Carbide, and there is segregation phenomenon in the carbide in comparative example, skewness simultaneously has a small amount of Aliquation carbide.Heat treatment after forging
Structural state absolutely prove that conventional wrought processes are difficult to thoroughly eliminate Aliquation carbide, and organize thick, proeutectoid carbide
Skewness, and the soft core forging method of the superhigh temperature of the present invention can effectively eliminate Aliquation carbide, obtain uniform tiny crystalline substance
Grain, and the proeutectoid carbide of small and dispersed, therefore the service life of mould steel can be substantially improved.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature, is characterized in that, first by the steel ingot band wick-containing superhigh temperature demoulding after cast；
It is then placed in thermal car samming and is transported to forging press, steel ingot band wick-containing is implemented into high temperature dwell press forging and is made, makes solidification end
Dendrite is fully crushed, and forms a large amount of equiaxed grain structures, and elimination shrinkage cavity is loose, mitigates dendritic segregation；Finally, forged, filled
Divide crystal grain thinning and tissue, comprise the following steps that：
The first step, the superhigh temperature demoulding；The steel ingot ingot body surface temperature after the demoulding is set to be not less than 1100 DEG C, center 1300～1450
℃；
Second step, closing rising head top；Using spray or air-blast device, Steel ingot feeder head is continuingly acted on, make rising head top completely
Solidification；
3rd step, transhipment and samming；Steel ingot is positioned in thermal car, forging press is transported to, samming 0.5～2 hour prepares forging
Make；
4th step, wide flat anvil large deformation；Steel ingot is positioned on forging press operating desk, using wide flat anvil through-thickness 10 are deformed
～50%；
5th step, high temperature pressurize；Steel ingot is deformed to after specified size, keeps pressure to continuingly act on steel ingot using wide flat anvil, is made
It is not less than 5 minutes with the time, deflection is not more than 5%；
6th step, steel ingot is forged to final forging's block dimension, for complex-shaped forging, if temperature is less than final forging temperature,
High temperature furnace samming is returned, next forging times are performed.
2. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the first step, during the steel ingot demoulding
Between determined using computer simulation, ingot mould is designed as two ways, and one kind is back draught, i.e. " up-small and down-big " pattern, the demoulding
When rising head case and ingot body remove simultaneously；Another kind is positive taper down gate, i.e. " up big and down small " pattern, is inserted at rising head edge after cast
Suspension rod, after the solidification of rising head edge, removes rising head case, is removed on steel ingot and ingot mould by lifting boom.
3. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in second step, rising head top is complete
During full solidification, rising head surface temperature is less than 1200 DEG C.
4. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 3rd step, before opening forging, and steel ingot
Surface temperature minimum point is not less than 1000 DEG C.
5. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 4th step, main deformation process
In, the anvil width deformed using wide flat anvil should cover steel ingot total length, once deform in place, close shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect.
6. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 5th step, main transformer shape terminates
Afterwards, pressurize and Light deformation are carried out using wide flat anvil, makes the abundant seam of defect of closure.
7. the soft core forging method of steel ingot superhigh temperature according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the 6th step, after the compacting of center,
Steel ingot is forged to final forging's block dimension, if what this forging times cannot shape, increase forging times shaping.
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| CN201410349152.2A CN105268884B (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2014-07-21 | Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot |
| PCT/CN2014/092623 WO2016011759A1 (en) | 2014-07-21 | 2014-11-29 | Forging method for ultra-high temperature soft core of steel ingot |
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| CN109513887B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Treatment method suitable for conventional ingot type steel ingot for ultrahigh-temperature soft core forging |
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| CN108097854B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2019-12-13 | 北京科技大学 | High-uniformity short-flow forming method for large metal component |
| CN110131563A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | One kind being suitable for the soft core forging of superhigh temperature and makes with Ingot Type design method |
| CN110129548B (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2020-11-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Design method suitable for steel ingot ultra-high temperature hot delivery and heating process |
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| CN102166637B (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2013-01-02 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for eliminating central shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosities of continuously-cast steel ingot |
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