CN102021457B - High-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102021457B
CN102021457B CN2010105209867A CN201010520986A CN102021457B CN 102021457 B CN102021457 B CN 102021457B CN 2010105209867 A CN2010105209867 A CN 2010105209867A CN 201010520986 A CN201010520986 A CN 201010520986A CN 102021457 B CN102021457 B CN 102021457B
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alloy
percent
tough
refining
impurity
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CN2010105209867A
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CN102021457A (en
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陆政
冯朝辉
张显峰
孙刚
卢健
谢优化
刘铭
王胜强
臧金鑫
陈军洲
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中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and a preparation method thereof. The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.2 to 4.2 percent of Cu, 0.7 to 1.8 percent of Li, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Mn, 0.20 to 0.60 percent of Zn, 0.06 to 0.20 percent of Zr, 0.20 to 0.80 percent of Mg, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of Ag, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of other impurities (single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent) and the balance of Al. One or five of alloy elements Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and Zr can be selectively added. Proportioning is performed according to the alloy components, the raw materials are melted, then furnace refining and standing are performed, and alloy ingots with required specifications are cast. The alloy ingots are preferably homogenized and then molded by any process of hot extruding, hot rolling and the like, and the alloy ingots thermally treated by the preferable process can be used for processing parts. The high-toughness aluminum lithium alloy material has uniform microscopic structure and stable performance, and is suitable for manufacturing thick plates and extruded materials. The ultimate tensile strength can reach over 510MPa, and meanwhile, the elongation rate is more than 8 percent and the KIc can reach over 30MPam1/2. The material product can be used for structural elements of the fields of aerospace, nuclear industry, traffic and transportation, sports goods, weapons and the like.

Description

A kind of high tough Al-Li alloy and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention is a kind of high tough Al-Li alloy and preparation method thereof, belongs to the metal material engineering field.

Background technology

In recent years; Raising along with metallurgy of aluminium equipment technology and metallurgy basic technology level; Al-Li alloy has experienced three generations's development, and the metallurgical principle of design of Al-Li alloy develops into: moderate intensity, lower slightly density, less anisotropy, and give full play to its rigidity and anti-damage advantage.On producing, pursue lower technology cost, show as its production technique more near common aluminum alloy.

Along with aircraft industry, the particularly intensified competition of large-sized civil aircraft industry, aircraft manufacturing companies such as Boeing, Air Passenger, Pang Badi and Chinese Shang Fei design the economy and the high life of aircraft operation as its core technology one after another.Structure loss of weight and to select the material of anti-the damage for use be the important means that realizes this core technology; Advanced Al-Li alloy can satisfy above two requirements simultaneously; The present invention can be used to substitute the 2124-T851 slab and the 7050-T7451 slab is used aboard; But loss of weight 10～15% is estimated work-ing life and can be improved more than 4 times.Have broad application prospects in fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons.

In recent years, the America and Europe has carried out three generations's high-performance aluminum lithium alloy research, and some is arranged near the level of suitability for industrialized production.On behalf of alloy, its high toughening type 2050 alloys (Al-3.6Cu-1.0Li-0.3Mn-0.4Mg-0.5Ag-0.1Zr) and 2195 alloys (Al-4.0Cu-1.2Li-0.6Mg-0.5Ag-0.1Zr) are arranged.

The production tradition of Al-Li alloy is by former Soviet Union technology and American-European technology, former Soviet Union process using vacuum melting technology, development and production Al-Mg-Li system and Al-Mg-Li-Sc be Al-Li alloy, and on multiple model, use; American-European countries more develops the gas refinement technology, and alloy system is main with Al-Cu-Li system, and characteristics of the present invention are to adopt gas refinement or gas+vacuum to mix refining techniques, have developed the tough type Al-Li alloy of novel high-strength.Research shows that different refining techniquess is equivalent under the technology controlling and process preferably.

The intensity of aluminum bronze lithium alloy depends primarily on the alloying element total amount of Li+Cu; Plasticity depends on the solid solution degree; With lithium equivalent (Li+Cu/2.82) can the guestimate alloy the solid solution degree, when the Li+Cu total amount surpassed 5%, intensity of its extruding rod can reach more than the 500Mpa; And the Li equivalent was controlled at 2.4～2.6 o'clock, and the plasticity of alloy can be guaranteed about 6%.The present invention controls the Li+Cu total amount near 5%, and the Li equivalent is a little more than 2.6, thus assurance alloy strength and plasticity.

Al-Li is that the anisotropy of alloy derives from coplane slippage and the texture that δ ' causes mutually, and the coplane slippage that adds affiliation inhibition δ ' phase of Zr has good malleableize effect to alloy simultaneously, but can not reduce the anisotropy of alloy significantly.

Summary of the invention

The present invention designs to above-mentioned prior art situation just a kind of high tough Al-Li alloy and preparation method thereof is provided.

The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:

Technical scheme of the present invention has proposed a kind of high tough Al-Li alloy, and it is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of alloy and weight percent are: Cu 3.2～4.2%, and Li 0.7～1.8%; Si≤0.10%; Fe≤0.10%, Ti≤0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%; Total amount≤0.15%, surplus are Al.

In the chemical ingredients of this alloy, also add 1～5 kind among Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and the Zr, the weight percent of adding is: Mn 0.20～0.60%, and Zn 0.20～0.60%, and Zr 0.06～0.20%, and Mg 0.20%～0.80%, and Ag 0.2～0.7%.

Technical scheme of the present invention takes Zr+Mn to unite the mode of adding, thereby reduces the anisotropy of aluminium-lithium-copper alloy significantly.Trace elements such as Mg, Zn, Ag all have certain highly malleablized effect to the Al-Li-Cu alloy, and wherein the associating microalloying strengthening effect of Mg+Ag is best, and Mg+Zn takes second place.The present invention can consider to produce Mg+Ag and Mg+Zn microalloying Al-Li alloy from different aspects such as tough coupling and performance/costs, also can produce the Al-Li alloy of few no microalloying.This alloy is applicable to that fields such as making aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons is with 10mm～80mm stock board.

Technical scheme of the present invention has also proposed a kind of method for preparing the tough Al-Li alloy of above-mentioned height, it is characterized in that: the step of this method is:

(1) prepares burden by the chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement of alloy;

(2) in smelting furnace, melt, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃～780 ℃;

(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃～750 ℃ the scope during refining;

(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose was not less than 30 minutes;

(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintenance is in 700 ℃～720 ℃ scope, and casting rate is 15～200mm/ minute;

(6) in process furnace, alloy cast ingot is carried out preferred homogenizing and handle, homogenization temperature is 450 ℃～490 ℃;

(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out arbitrary processes such as hot extrusion and hot rolling system and be shaped, blank should remain on 350 ℃～470 ℃ temperature in the forming process;

(8) shaping back blank needs reach the product delivery status through solid solution, quenching and artificial aging thermal treatment.

In step (1)～(5) preferably with argon gas as shielding gas.

Step (3) preferably adopts vacuum refinement.

Step (3) preferably adopts 3～10% chlorine+argon gas mixed gas refining.

Step (3) preferably adopts C 2Cl 6The refining agent refining.

Preferred 465 ℃～560 ℃ of thermal treatment solid solubility temperature in the step (8).

After the solution treatment, preferably material is carried out cold deformation, and keep 1～5% set deformation volume in the step (8).

The timeliness thermal treatment selection process that thermal treatment is adopted in the step (8) was: 120 ℃～205 ℃ heating 1～72 hour.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the melting and casting flow process of the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation of the present invention's proposition

Fig. 2 is a sheet alloy microstructure of the present invention

Embodiment

Below will combine accompanying drawing and embodiment that technical scheme of the present invention is detailed further:

Table one has provided tough Al-Li alloy chemical ingredients of novel high-strength proposed by the invention and weight percent embodiment.

Table 1: tough Al-Li alloy chemical ingredients of novel super-high strength and weight percent

Ingot casting number Cu Li Mn Zn Zr Mg Ag Ti Fe Si 122 3.2 1.6 0.3 0.2 0.10 0.4 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 123 3.2 1.5 0.2 0.4 0.12 0.5 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 125 3.4 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.18 0.8 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 126 3.5 1.3 0.4 0.6 0.15 0.6 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 127 3.5 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.14 0.5 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 128 4.0 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.15 0.6 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 129 3.8 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.20 0.2 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10

130 3.7 1.5 0.4 0.5 0.12 0.3 - ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 131 3.6 1.3 0.6 - 0.10 0.2 0.6 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 134 4.2 1.2 0.4 - 0.06 0.6 0.6 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 135 3.8 1.2 0.6 - 0.12 0.5 0.2 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 136 3.9 1.0 0.2 - 0.08 0.5 0.7 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 137 3.2 0.7 0.5 - 0.14 0.3 0.5 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 138 3.4 0.9 0.5 - 0.12 0.4 0.4 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10 139 3.6 0.8 0.4 - 0.08 0.5 0.5 ＜0.12 ＜0.10 ＜0.10

Shown in accompanying drawing 1, the method steps for preparing the tough Al-Li alloy of above-mentioned height is:

(1) by the chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement batching of alloy, can select to add 1～5 kind among micro alloying element Mn, Zn, Mg, Ag and the Zr;

(2) in smelting furnace, melt, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃～780 ℃;

(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, it is equivalent adopting different refining media or refining mode, and metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃～750 ℃ the scope during refining;

(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose was not less than 30 minutes;

(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintenance is in 700 ℃～720 ℃ scope, and casting rate is 15～200mm/ minute, is cast into δ 250mm slab ingot;

(6) in process furnace, alloy cast ingot is carried out preferred homogenizing and handle, homogenization temperature is 450 ℃～490 ℃;

(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out hot rolling and process 10mm～80mm specific standard slab, blank should remain on 350 ℃～470 ℃ temperature in the forming process;

(8) slab thermal treatment solid solubility temperature is 465 ℃～560 ℃; After the solution treatment, slab is carried out cold deformation, the set deformation volume of reservation was controlled to be 1～5%, and sheet material carries out timeliness thermal treatment after the preliminary draft, and technology is: at 120 ℃～205 ℃/1～72 hour.

Ingot casting number is that 131,134 ingot casting adopts 3～10% chlorine+argon gas mixed gas refining; Ingot casting number is that 135,136 ingot casting adopts C 2Cl 6The refining agent refining; All the other ingot castings adopt vacuum refinement.

Processing is during band, different with above-mentioned operational path be in:

1, in step (7), adopt the hot-pressed 10mm～80mm specific standard band of processing, blank should remain on 380 ℃～430 ℃ temperature in the forming process;

2, in step (7) after the preliminary draft band aging thermal treating process be: at 135 ℃～190 ℃/2～78h.

Table 2 is route one plate property

Table 2:

Table 3 is route two band performances

Table 3:

Through to finding out from above-mentioned performance analysis; The microstructure of the tough Al-Li alloy material of novel high-strength of the present invention is even, stable performance, can good application arranged in fields such as aerospace, nuclear industry, communications and transportation, sports goods, weapons.

Claims (9)

1. one kind high tough Al-Li alloy is characterized in that: the chemical ingredients of alloy and weight percent be below one of several kinds:
(1) Cu 3.2%, and Li 1.6%, and Mn 0.3%, and Zn 0.2%, and Zr 0.1%, and Mg 0.4%, Si＜0.10%, and Fe＜0.10%, Ti＜0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
(2) Cu 3.5%, and Li 1.4%, and Mn 0.3%, and Zn 0.3%, and Zr 0.14%, and Mg 0.5%, Si＜0.10%, and Fe＜0.10%, Ti＜0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
(3) Cu 4.0%, and Li 1.6%, and Mn 0.5%, and Zn 0.4%, and Zr 0.15%, and Mg 0.6%, Si＜0.10%, and Fe＜0.10%, Ti＜0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
(4) Cu 3.9%, and Li 1.0%, and Mn 0.2%, and Zr 0.08%, and Mg 0.5%, and Ag 0.7%, Si＜0.10%, and Fe＜0.10%, Ti＜0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al;
(5) Cu 4.2%, and Li 1.2%, and Mn 0.4%, and Zr 0.06%, and Mg 0.6%, and Ag 0.6%, Si＜0.10%, and Fe＜0.10%, Ti＜0.12%, other impurity is single≤and 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%, surplus is Al.
2. be used to prepare the method for the tough Al-Li alloy of aforesaid right requirement 1 described height, it is characterized in that: the step of this method is:
(1) prepares burden by the chemical ingredients and the weight percent requirement of alloy;
(2) in smelting furnace, melt, temperature of fusion is 680 ℃～780 ℃;
(3) complete molten metal liquid is carried out refining, metal temperature maintains in 690 ℃～750 ℃ the scope during refining;
(4) should carry out sufficient standing after the refining, time of repose was not less than 30 minutes;
(5) begin casting behind the sufficient standing, the fire door temperature maintenance is in 700 ℃～720 ℃ scope, and casting rate is 15～200mm/ minute;
(6) in process furnace, alloy cast ingot is carried out homogenizing and handle, homogenization temperature is 450 ℃～490 ℃;
(7) ingot casting after the homogenizing is stripped off the skin after, carry out the arbitrary processes of hot extrusion and hot rolling system and be shaped, blank should remain on 350 ℃～470 ℃ temperature in the forming process;
(8) shaping back blank needs reach the product delivery status through solid solution, quenching and artificial aging thermal treatment.
3. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: all adopt argon shield in step (1)～(5).
4. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: step (3) adopts vacuum refinement.
5. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: step (3) adopts 3～10% chlorine+argon gas mixed gas refining.
6. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: step (3) adopts C 2Cl 6The refining agent refining.
7. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the thermal treatment solid solubility temperature in the step (8) is 465 ℃～560 ℃.
8. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: after the solution treatment, material is carried out cold deformation, and keep 1～5% set deformation volume in the step (8).
9. the method for the high tough Al-Li alloy of preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: heat treated aging thermal treating process was in the step (8): 120 ℃～205 ℃ heating 1～72 hour.
CN2010105209867A 2010-10-27 2010-10-27 High-toughness aluminum lithium alloy and preparation method thereof CN102021457B (en)

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