CN102741618B - 用于控制容器中的相对湿度的设备 - Google Patents

用于控制容器中的相对湿度的设备 Download PDF

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CN102741618B
CN102741618B CN201080058783.9A CN201080058783A CN102741618B CN 102741618 B CN102741618 B CN 102741618B CN 201080058783 A CN201080058783 A CN 201080058783A CN 102741618 B CN102741618 B CN 102741618B
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refrigeration system
relative humidity
compressor
humidity
condenser
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CN102741618A (zh
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O.索格森
A.戴尔摩斯
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Thermo King Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1405—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification in which the humidity of the air is exclusively affected by contact with the evaporator of a closed-circuit cooling system or heat pump circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F25B47/022—Defrosting cycles hot gas defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/067—Evaporator fan units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/01—Heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/13—Economisers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/112—Fan speed control of evaporator fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/02—Humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
    • F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
    • F26B21/08—Humidity
    • F26B21/086—Humidity by condensing the moisture in the drying medium, which may be recycled, e.g. using a heat pump cycle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

在一个实施方式中，本发明提供一种制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括：压缩机，所述压缩机构造成压缩制冷剂气体；以及冷凝器，所述冷凝器与所述压缩机流体联接，以接收来自所述压缩机的压缩制冷剂气体，所述冷凝器构造成冷凝所述制冷剂气体。此外，所述制冷系统包括热交换器，所述热交换器具有与所述压缩机流体联接的第一部分以及被流体联接在所述冷凝器和所述压缩机之间的第二部分，其中，所述第一部分接收来自所述压缩机的压缩制冷剂气体，并且所述第二部分接收来自所述冷凝器的冷凝制冷剂、蒸发所述制冷剂、以及将蒸发制冷剂输送到所述压缩机。

Description

用于控制容器中的相对湿度的设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请根据35 U.S.C. $ 119（e）要求于2009年12月23日提交的美国临时专利申请No. 61/289,555和于2010年4月15日提交的美国临时专利申请No. 61/324,475的优先权。这些申请以引用的方式全文结合到本文。
背景技术
长时间段地运输并存储温度敏感的货物可能需要在装载有该货物的空间中的受控气候。气候控制包括将所述货物的温度控制在某个预定可接受范围内。控制所述温度包括：使得所述货物的温度进入可接受范围内（通过制冷或加热来实现）以及将该温度保持在该范围内。气候控制还可以包括控制装载有该货物的空间的湿度。
温度敏感的货物的温度应当被保持在预定可接受极限值内。一些货物必须保持冰冻，并且冰冻货物的任何部分的温度必须保持在预定冰冻温度（其取决于货物，例如低于10华氏度或更低）以下，而诸如新鲜水果和蔬菜的商品应当保持冷却而非冰冻，以保持新鲜。
在操作制冷系统期间，水蒸气将冷凝在蒸发器上并且形成冰层，该冰层将使得蒸发器的效率降级并且由此使得制冷系统的效率降级。通过运行除霜循环来移除冰。常规地，除霜循环根据预定计划在一定时间间隔下被启动，所述时间间隔可能取决于货物的性质以及自货物装载到容器中的时间。
一些货物需要相对湿度保持低于可接受的上限值。这些货物中的一些还对温度敏感，而其他货物对温度相对不敏感。这种产品的示例是电子和光学产品、科学仪器、机械和例如铁和钢的金属（如果相对湿度太高，那么该金属可能腐蚀）、以及衣物和其他织物（在这里，通过保持相对湿度低能够防止菌类生长）。
发明内容
在一个实施方式中，本发明提供一种制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括：压缩机，所述压缩机构造成压缩制冷剂气体；以及冷凝器，所述冷凝器与所述压缩机流体联接，以接收来自所述压缩机的压缩制冷剂气体，所述冷凝器构造成冷凝所述制冷剂气体。此外，所述制冷系统包括热交换器，所述热交换器具有与所述压缩机流体联接的第一部分以及被流体联接在所述冷凝器和所述压缩机之间的第二部分，其中，所述第一部分接收来自所述压缩机的压缩制冷剂气体，并且所述第二部分接收来自所述冷凝器的冷凝制冷剂、蒸发所述制冷剂、以及将蒸发制冷剂输送到所述压缩机。
在另一实施方式中，本发明提供一种操作制冷系统的方法，所述方法包括：利用压缩机来压缩制冷剂；以及在冷凝器中压缩来自所述压缩机的压缩制冷剂气体。该方法还包括：将来自所述压缩机的压缩的制冷剂气体接收到热交换器的第一部分中；在所述热交换器的第二部分中蒸发来自所述冷凝器的冷凝制冷剂；以及将来自所述第二部分的蒸发制冷剂输送到所述压缩机。
在又一实施方式中，本发明提供一种操作制冷系统的方法，所述方法包括：测量容器的相对湿度。此外，该方法包括：将测量的相对湿度与湿度设定点比较；当测量的相对湿度高于所述湿度设定点时操作制冷系统的蒸发器风扇。
通过考虑详细说明和附图，本发明的其他方面将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是用于运输货物的容器的透视图。
图2是制冷系统的示意图，所述制冷系统包括除湿系统。
具体实施方式
在详细阐述本发明的任何实施方式之前，要理解的是，本发明并不将其应用局限于在下述说明书中阐述或在下述附图中描述的部件的构造或布置的细节。本发明能够采用其他实施方式并且能够以多种方式来实践或实施。
图1是用于运输各种类型的货物的容器100的透视图。制冷系统10被联接到该容器的一端，该制冷系统被用于控制该容器100的内部的气候，包括湿度水平。容器100替代地能够是拖车、有轨车、直通车货物空间、或被用于运输货物的其他存储隔间。
图2是制冷系统10的示意图，所述制冷系统包括除湿系统。所述实施方式包括具有压缩机20的制冷系统10，所述压缩机在操作中压缩被用于制冷系统10中的制冷剂。被压缩的热制冷剂从压缩机20通过导管21和31被引导到冷凝器30中，在该冷凝器中，热能从制冷剂被移除。所示的冷凝器30是风扇辅助的，并且冷凝并冷却的制冷剂通过导管32离开该冷凝器30并且进入到接收器罐33中。如果需要制冷剂的附加冷却，那么可以使用可选水冷冷凝器30’（以虚线框示出）。冷凝制冷剂从接收器罐33（或，可选地水冷冷凝器30’）被引导通过导管34（例如，液体管线）通过干燥剂油过滤器35进入到节能器热交换器40以及通过导管41和热力膨胀阀42进入到蒸发器50中。风扇55将空气沿箭头所示的方向循环通过蒸发器50以及通过容器100的内部。
蒸发器50具有第一部分102和第二部分104。蒸发器50是翅片管型热交换器。第一部分102和第二部分104中的制冷剂保持分离，直到制冷剂达到排放点105为止。因此，包含在第一部分102的管中的制冷剂不与包含在第二部分104的管中的任何制冷剂混合，直到制冷剂循环通过第一部分102或第二部分104达到排放点105。在该排放点处，第一部分102和第二部分104的管例如结合成为排放集管。当制冷剂达到排放点105时，来自第一部分102和第二部分104的制冷剂混合并且经由返回导管22返回到压缩机20中。然而，第一部分102和第二部分104被热连接。换句话说，帮助将热量传递往/自管的翅片被互连在蒸发器50的第一部分102管和第二部分104管二者之间。
制冷系统10具有第一分配器51和第二分配器52，这些分配器每个都被连接成接收来自导管41和热力膨胀阀42的冷的冷凝制冷剂。第一分配器51将制冷剂供给到蒸发器50的第一部分102的管，并且第二分配器52将制冷剂供给到蒸发器50的第二部分104的管。第一分配器51在其上游侧被连接到第一控制阀53。第二控制阀54被连接到导管21，该导管21将热的压缩制冷剂气体从压缩机20引导到第二控制阀54。导管56将第二控制阀54的出口连接到第一分配器51的入口。
在替代的构造中，制冷系统不包括第一控制阀53，并且第一部分102不连接到导管41，该导管41引导来自节能器40和冷凝器30的制冷剂。因此，在该替代构造中，如果第二控制阀54打开，那么热制冷剂被接收到第一部分102中。如果第二控制阀关闭，那么任何制冷剂无论如何都不循环通过第一部分102。
控制器110控制制冷系统10的操作。温度计108测量容器100内部的温度，并且将该温度传送给控制器110。电热元件60邻近于蒸发器50设置。湿度传感器106设置用于感测容器100中空气的相对湿度并且向控制器110输出相应信号，以确定相对湿度是否在可接受的极限值内。
制冷系统10解决了降低相对湿度的问题，尤其是当货物对温度相对不敏感时。本发明的方法利用制冷系统并且操作该制冷系统来使得空气温度增加，由此降低相对湿度。优选地，蒸发器风扇55最初操作以使得空气在容器100内循环。由循环的空气产生的摩擦热量将使得温度增加并且因此相对湿度将降低。制冷系统10还可以操作成致动电热元件60。该制冷系统10用于加热空气以降低相对湿度而不需要制冷或除湿的用途是有利的，并且允许制冷系统用于除了制冷和其他常规用途以外的其他目的。
如果确定相对湿度比期望的高（即比预定值大），那么制冷系统10的热量产生机构被致动，以加热该容器中的空气并且由此降低相对湿度。湿气不是单独通过加热而从空气榨出，并且绝对湿度仍保持恒定，而是由于随着温度增加该空气吸收或容纳水蒸气的能力也增加，因此相对湿度随着温度增加而将降低。
具体地，制冷系统10的被致动以加热容器100中的空气的热量产生机构包括一个或多个风扇55，这些风扇被设置成使得容器100中的空气循环经过蒸发器50并且通过容器100。使得空气在容器100中循环需要能量，由于空气与容器壁以及容器100中的货物之间的摩擦，该能量作为热量被耗散。被耗散的热量将增加空气的温度，并且由此相对湿度将相应地减少。
如果利用一个或多个风扇55来使得容器100中的空气循环而产生的摩擦热量不足以将相对湿度保持低于预定可接受的值，那么电热元件60可以被附加地致动。该一个/多个风扇55将容器100中的空气循环经过加热元件60，由此除了将空气循环所产生的摩擦热量之外该空气被进一步加热。
制冷系统10还解决了降低相对湿度的问题，尤其是当货物对温度敏感时。本发明可用于将容器100中的空气除湿并且同时仍保持该货物是制冷的。例如，新鲜水果产生需要通过常规方式中制冷系统所使用的除湿来移除的水蒸气。除湿的完成是通过将制冷系统操作在第一操作模式中以制冷该空气，由此水蒸气在蒸发器盘管上冷凝。在高湿度的情况下，增加的除湿将是必要的，该增加的除湿包括以相应增加的制冷功率来运行蒸发器盘管的一个或多个部段，以便冷凝水蒸气。由此空气可能在比临界最小温度更低的温度下被制冷（例如，香蕉必须保持在不低于13摄氏度的温度下）。必须避免在临界最小温度之下的制冷。常规地，为了补偿增加的制冷，致动电热元件。相反根据本发明，使用已经由制冷系统10产生的热能。当制冷剂离开压缩机时，该制冷剂是“热”的并且常规地，全部热制冷剂在冷凝器中被冷凝并冷却，在冷凝器中，冷凝器风扇在“冷”制冷剂被引导到蒸发器之前移除热量。根据本发明，制冷系统将操作在第二操作模式中，在该模式中来自压缩机的压缩制冷剂的一部分绕过冷凝器并且作为“热气”被供给到蒸发器盘管的一部分。
在第一操作模式中，第一控制阀53打开并且第二控制阀54关闭。然后，制冷剂将在封闭回路中从压缩机20流动通过导管21和31、冷凝器30、接收器罐33、导管34、干燥剂油过滤器35、热交换器40、导管41、膨胀阀42、第一和第二分配器51、52、蒸发器50的第一部分102和第二部分104以及返回导管22，回到压缩机20。因此，第一操作模式是常规制冷模式，其中第一和第二分配器51、52接收冷制冷剂，该冷制冷剂被供给到蒸发器50的第一部分102和第二部分104二者中。
在第二操作模式中，第一控制阀53关闭，且第一分配器51将不再像在第一操作模式中那样接收冷制冷剂。第二控制阀54打开，使得来自压缩机的热制冷剂将通过导管21、第二控制阀54和导管55引导到第一分配器51的入口以及进入到蒸发器50的第一部分102内。与上述第一操作模式中的一样，第二分配器52和蒸发器50的第二部分104仍将接收冷制冷剂。因此，蒸发器50的第二部分104能够操作以实现期望温度。如果容器100中的空气由此被制冷到不可接受的低温，那么第二控制阀54打开以将热制冷剂引导到蒸发器50的第一部分102，由此借助风扇55被抽吸通过蒸发器50的空气将被加热，以升高在容器100内部的空气的温度。因此，容器100内部的空气被控制处于期望的相对湿度水平。
当在蒸发器50上积冰时，制冷系统10还可以用于将蒸发器50除霜。为了将蒸发器50除霜，向蒸发器50的冷制冷剂供应停止并且来自压缩机20的热制冷剂被传送到蒸发器50的第一部分102，如上所述。由于蒸发器50不接收任何冷制冷剂，因此来自在蒸发器50的第一部分102中的热制冷剂的热量将使得整个蒸发器50暖热，因此从蒸发器50融化冰。
因此，本发明在其中提供了一种用于控制容器中的湿度的设备。本发明的各个特征和优势在下述权利要求书中被阐述。

Claims (4)

1.一种操作制冷系统的方法，所述方法包括：
测量容器的相对湿度；
将测量的相对湿度与湿度设定点比较；
当测量的相对湿度高于所述湿度设定点时操作制冷系统的蒸发器风扇，同时不会从空气中榨出湿气，其中蒸发器风扇最初操作以使得空气在容器内循环，由循环的空气产生的摩擦热量将使得温度增加并且因此相对湿度将降低并且绝对湿度仍保持恒定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：在仅所述蒸发器风扇的操作不足以将所述相对湿度降低到所述湿度设定点以下的情况下，操作所述制冷系统的电加热器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，还包括：当测量的相对湿度高于所述湿度设定点时，将所述蒸发器风扇操作一段时间；且在仅所述蒸发器风扇的操作不足以将所述相对湿度降低到所述湿度设定点以下的情况下，在所述一段时间之后操作所述电加热器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：在不操作所述制冷系统的压缩机的情况下操作所述蒸发器风扇。
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