CN102741530B - 用于控制在燃烧发动机中的egr系统的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于控制在燃烧发动机中的egr系统的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102741530B
CN102741530B CN201080059569.5A CN201080059569A CN102741530B CN 102741530 B CN102741530 B CN 102741530B CN 201080059569 A CN201080059569 A CN 201080059569A CN 102741530 B CN102741530 B CN 102741530B
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西奥菲尔·奥肯萨勒
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    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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Abstract

本发明基于通过从NOx传感器(7)中得到的第一测量值和从NOx评估中评估的第二评估值之间的差值给出的误差的计算,提供用于控制NOx排放的系统。所述传感器(7)可用于自适应回路中,其中开环或闭环的EGR控制系统被调整,使得预期的NOx排放(来自EGR控制器)与通过处于稳定状态条件下的NOx传感器测量的排放相匹配。

Description

用于控制在燃烧发动机中的EGR系统的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于评估在燃烧发动机中的NOx排放的方法和装置。
现有技术描述
EGR的一个最重要的目的是减小NOx的排放。
当今,很多发动机设有NOx的后处理系统,例如SCR(选择性催化还原)催化剂或稀NOx收集器。这些系统的NOx转换性能的控制依靠上游NOx浓度的评估或测量值。因此,NOx传感器经常安装在后处理系统的进口,其对应于发动机的出口。
燃烧发动机的NOx排放可以使用废气再循环(EGR)明显地减小。因此,NOx排放非常敏感地反应于EGR率的变化,其中EGR率是再循环废气和喷射在燃烧发动机的汽缸中的全部气体之间的质量比值。根据排放目标,设定20%和60%之间的EGR率作为目标,在此导致3到10的NOx减少因子。
因为使用EGR的主要目的是减小NOx,所以基于NOx测量设备的测量概念是直接的。
因此,NOx传感器用作用于EGR控制的反馈信号。
然而,当前可用的NOx传感器表现了大的响应时间、典型地500-1000ms的时间延迟和大约500-1500ms的时间常数。另外,由于传感器的测量原理,瞬态操作期间的精度经常受限制。因此,EGR反馈回路中传感器信号的直接使用或者作为用于后处理系统的输入量通常不提供满意的结果。
对于EGR控制来说,低下的传感器性能使得有效、可靠且足够快的控制是非常困难的,不然就是不可能的任务。即使传感器仅用于后处理系统的上游NOx浓度的确定,该设备的缓慢的动态特性可引起用于维持可靠且稳固的NOx转换效率的多种问题。
发明概述
因此,本发明的主要目的是提供克服了以上问题/缺陷的用于评估燃烧发动机中的NOx排放的方法和装置。
根据本发明,借助于从NOx传感器中得到的第一测量值和从NOx评估中得到的第二评估值之间的差值,该方法用于对快速但可能不精确的NOx排放模型的修正。
优选地,此评估借助于自适应滤波器,例如积分器、自适应曲线或图或任何类似的元件或程序进行修正。
有利地,此误差能够用于在发动机使用EGR的情形下调节EGR率,或者在发动机不使用EGR的情形下用于调节NOx的评估。
实施此方法的装置包括在自适应回路中使用的NOx传感器,其中开环或闭环的EGR控制系统被调整,使得预期的NOx排放(来自EGR控制器)与通过处于稳定状态条件下的NOx传感器测量的相匹配。因此,考虑两种实施方式:首先,如果存在用于确定EGR率的任何传感器,则此测量的EGR率可被修正;其次,如果该概念在开环的EGR控制器中使用,则要求的EGR率或甚至EGR驱动器的位置可被调节。
对于不具有EGR的发动机来说,实施此方法的装置修正了例如基于燃烧模型的NOx排放模型,因此由模型评估的稳定状态的NOx浓度与从传感器获得的浓度相匹配。
这些和其他的目标借助于如所附权利要求中描述的装置和方法来实现,其中所附权利要求形成了本描述的完整部分。
附图简述
本发明从仅以示例性而非限制性示例的方式给出的以下详细描述中并参照附图阅读而变得完全清楚,附图中:
图1显示根据本发明的控制方案,用于与EGR测量设备一起装配的闭环的EGR控制;
图2显示在不设有任何EGR测量设备的开环EGR控制的情形下,使用NOx传感器的控制方案;
图3显示用于不具有EGR的发动机的控制方案。
附图中相同的参考数字和字母表示相同或功能等价的部件。
优选实施方式详述
用于评估NOx排放的有用模型考虑多个量,其对NOx的形成有影响。这些量可以是喷射的燃料、发动机速度、推进压力、推进空气温度、轨道压力、喷射角的起始、EGR率、或者在火焰温度和燃烧上有影响的其他量。
根据所附附图,块5、5'、5″是在各个方案中的输入块,说明所述量/参数,例如喷射的燃料、发动机速度等。
如果以比率或质量流量的方式用于计算EGR的EGR测量设备或任何传感器的概念存在,则此得到的值被计算用于NOx的评估。在没有EGR测量的情形下,在NOx的评估中考虑EGR的设定点或任何计算的EGR率。
图1显示自适应概念的草图,如果存在具有EGR测量的EGR闭环控制概念的话。
块3表示用作第一求和节点的输入值和块4的前馈路径两者的EGR设定点,其中块4表示EGR控制。在所述第一求和节点中,该设定点减去表示来自块1的EGR测量结果的EGR测量修正块的块2的输出值。所述第一求和节点的输出值是用于所述EGR控制块4的另一个输入值。
所述块2在自适应块8的输出值上起作用,例如积分器、自适应曲线或图或任何类似的元件或程序。
此自适应块8的输入值是从NOx传感器7中得到的第一测量值和从NOx评估块6中得到的第二评估值之间的差值,该NOx评估块6具有作为输入值的借助于块5并借助于所述EGR测量修正块2的输出值表示的所述发动机的量/参数。
评估器6可以以已知方式实施,例如根据Alexander Schilling的公开物:“Model-Based Detection and Isolation of Faults in the Air and Fuel Paths ofCommon-rail DI Diesel Engines Equipped with a Lambda and a NitrogenOxides Sensor”,PhD thesis,Diss.ETH No.17764,ETH Zürich,Switzerland,2008.
在闭环EGR控制概念的情形下,一种途径是通过自适应方法修正测量的EGR率或质量流量,其使用测量的和评估的NOx浓度之间的差值。EGR测量结果被修正,因此此差值,即误差收敛到零。自适应方法可包括积分、自适应曲线或图、或任何类似的元件或程序。EGR的修正可以是相加的(偏移量)或相乘的(修正因子),或者使用任何其他的代数操作、修正曲线或图。
由于控制器迫使测量的和修正的EGR率或质量流量至设定点,最终等于设定点的值被馈送到NOx评估。因此,在控制器收敛以后,如果所有其他的发动机的量相等,则NOx评估通常计算相同的值,因此所述误差为零。因为自适应方法迫使评估的NOx值至测量值,所以收敛以后,评估的NOx表示测量值。因此,EGR控制器能够看作是NOx控制器。在发生EGR线路的干扰(EGR冷却器的污损、产品的分散、EGR阀的污损等)或EGR测量原理(传感器漂移等)的干扰时,NOx浓度被保持。
图2显示具有EGR前馈控制器且不存在EGR测量的自适应概念。
根据图2,块3'表示用作EGR前馈控制块4'的一个输入值的EGR设定点。所述EGR前馈控制块4'的一个另一输入值是自适应块8'的输出值,例如积分等。与图1一样,此自适应块8'的输入值是从NOx传感器7'中得到的第一测量值和从NOx评估块6'中得到的第二评估值之间的差值,NOx评估块6'具有借助于块5'表示的、作为一个第一输入值的所述发动机的量/参数和作为一个第二输入值的所述EGR设定点块3'的输出值。
评估器6'能够以与用于评估器6相似的方式实施。
在如图2所示开环EGR控制概念的情形下,一种途径是直接通过自适应方法修正EGR驱动器的位置,其使用测量的和评估的NOx浓度之间的差值。EGR驱动器的位置被修正,因此此差值,即此误差收敛到零。自适应方法可借助于积分器、自适应曲线或图、或任何类似的元件或程序实施。EGR驱动器位置的修正能够是相加的(偏移量)或相乘的(修正因子),或者使用任何其他的代数操作、修正曲线或图。
EGR设定点被馈送到NOx评估。因此,如果所有其他的发动机参数相等,则NOx评估通常计算相同的值。因为自适应方法迫使评估的NOx值至测量值,所以收敛以后,评估的NOx表示测量值。因此,EGR控制器能够看作是NOx控制器。在遇到EGR线路的干扰或漂移效应(EGR冷却器的污损、产品的分散、EGR阀的污损等)时,NOx浓度被保持。
图3显示用于发动机的自适应方法的示意图,其中没有出现EGR。此处,评估的NOx被简单地调整,使其匹配稳定状态条件下的测量值。这确保了测量设备的稳定状态的精度和NOx评估的快速瞬态响应。该自适应可以使用简单的积分器(缓慢的I-控制器)、自适应曲线或图,或任何类似的自适应概念实施。
根据图3,由块6'表示的NOx评估器接收为由块5″表示的所述发动机的参数/量的输入值和NOx自适应8″的输出值,其为积分器等。与图1和2中一样,所述NOx自适应8″的输入值是从NOx传感器7″中得到的第一测量值和从所述NOx评估块6″中得到的第二评估值之间的差值。
评估器6″能够以与用于评估器6相似的方式实施。
有利地,EGR测量结果指EGR率或EGR质量流量的测量结果,但相同的方法可用于任何NOx影响的建立,像通过使用EGR控制器或例如燃料喷射,例如轨道压力、喷射角的起始、引燃喷射等的空气测量和控制一样。并且,取代EGR测量,EGR设定点也能够被修正。
本发明可以有利地在计算机程序中实施,该计算机程序包括程序编码设备,当该程序在计算机上运行时,程序编码设备用于执行本发明的一个或多个步骤。由于该原因,本专利还应该覆盖这样的计算机程序和包括记录信息的计算机可读媒介,此计算机可读媒介包括程序编码设备,当该程序在计算机上运行时,程序编码设备用于执行本发明的一个或多个步骤。
在考虑了公开本发明优选实施方式的说明书和附图以后,对于本领域技术人员来说,本发明的很多变化、修改、改变和其他使用及应用将变得清楚。不偏离本发明的精神和范围的所有这些变化、修改、改变和其他使用及应用被视为由本发明所覆盖。
其他的实施细节将不再描述,因为本领域技术人员能够从以上描述的教导中开始实施本发明。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于控制交通工具的燃烧发动机中的EGR系统的方法,所述方法包括:
-计算NOx误差值,所述误差值通过从NOx传感设备(7)得到的第一测量值和第二评估NOx值之间的差值给出,
-测量EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量,
-校正所述EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量的测量结果,
-基于所校正的EGR测量结果和参考值,通过闭环过程控制所述EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量,
-对发动机的量/参数以及所述校正的EGR测量结果评估NOx值,
所述方法特征在于,所述校正的步骤使用自适应方法校正所测量的EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量,所述方法使用NOx浓度的所述第一测量值和所述第二评估值之间的所述差值作为输入,以迫使所述第二评估NOx值至所述第一测量NOx值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述自适应方法能够包括积分器和/或自适应曲线和/或自适应图。
3.一种用于控制燃烧发动机中的EGR系统的装置,包括:
-NOx传感设备(7),
-EGR传感设备,其用于测量EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量,
-用于校正所述EGR测量结果的设备,
-用于对发动机的量/参数以及所校正的EGR测量结果评估NOx值的设备,
-用于计算从所述NOx传感设备(7)得到的第一测量值和第二评估NOx值之间的差值的设备,
其特征在于,所述校正设备利用自适应滤波器的输出,以迫使所述第二评估NOx值至所述第一测量NOx值,其中所述自适应滤波器的输入是所述第一测量值和所述第二评估NOx值之间的所述差值。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置,其中所述自适应滤波器能够包括积分器和/或自适应曲线和/或自适应图。
5.一种用于控制交通工具的燃烧发动机中的EGR系统的装置,所述装置包括:
-用于计算NOx误差值的模块,所述误差值通过从NOx传感设备(7)得到的第一测量值和第二评估NOx值之间的差值给出,
-用于测量EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量的模块,
-用于校正所述EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量的测量结果的模块,
-用于基于所校正的EGR测量结果和参考值,通过闭环过程控制所述EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量的模块,
-用于对发动机的量/参数以及所述校正的EGR测量结果评估NOx值的模块,
所述装置特征在于,所述校正模块包括用于使用自适应方法校正所测量的EGR率或EGR质量流量或新鲜空气质量流量的模块,所述装置使用NOx浓度的所述第一测量值和所述第二评估值之间的所述差值作为输入,以迫使所述第二评估NOx值至所述第一测量NOx值。
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