CN102741193A - 具有增强耐水性的轻质石膏产品 - Google Patents

具有增强耐水性的轻质石膏产品 Download PDF

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CN102741193A
CN102741193A CN2010800631333A CN201080063133A CN102741193A CN 102741193 A CN102741193 A CN 102741193A CN 2010800631333 A CN2010800631333 A CN 2010800631333A CN 201080063133 A CN201080063133 A CN 201080063133A CN 102741193 A CN102741193 A CN 102741193A
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R.D.费舍
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/145Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form
    • C04B28/146Calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate with a specific crystal form alpha-hemihydrate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B11/00Calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B11/28Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials
    • C04B11/30Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials with hydraulic cements, e.g. Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/16Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing anhydrite, e.g. Keene's cement
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C04B2111/0062Gypsum-paper board like materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明的产品由能凝固的含水硫酸钙分散体制备,所述分散体具有小于0.4到1的水与固体的比率,且具有遍布其中分布的具有不透水表面的轻质中空体(如膨胀的聚苯乙烯珠粒)。所述分散体包含能够在硫酸钙分散体存在下水合的能水合接合剂(如硫铝酸钙)。能水合接合剂是这样的:其与分散体中的过量水反应,从而增强得到的产品的耐水性。

Description

具有增强耐水性的轻质石膏产品
本发明涉及具有暴露表面的石膏(gypsum)产品,和提供具有增强耐水性(water resistance)的这样的产品。
包括石膏块、无纸石膏(paperless gypsum)板以及还有石膏饰面(facing)的石膏产品可遭受水分吸收问题,尤其是在所述产品打算用在潮湿或湿润环境中时,因为这样的产品具有容易进水的暴露表面。
测试“耐湿”墙板的标准方法需要其具有例如不大于5%的吸水率-其例如表示为由在20℃的水中浸没2小时的300mm×300mm板样品吸收的水的重量百分数。这种耐湿板可用在存在板有限的暴露于湿气的风险的情况下。
为获得耐湿性,已经提出了可将疏水性添加剂结合到用于形成所述板的熟石膏(plaster)浆料中。
例如,如我们的欧洲专利957070中描述的,疏水性添加剂可为有机硅;这样的疏水性添加剂的使用需要热固化,避免这样的热固化所包含的能量输入需求将是有利的。在WO2008/152519中还已经提出了胶乳共聚物,但尚不清楚得到的熟石膏是否具有长期耐水性。
仍然期望提高凝固(set)石膏产品在潮湿条件下的机械性质,并生产具有降低的开孔率的所述产品,因为该性质能够提高耐水性。
特别地,存在对于具有改进的在与水延长接触后的强度性质,且可在温和干燥制度(regime)下制备的耐水石膏产品的需求。
根据本发明,提供一种生产耐水石膏产品的方法,其中所述石膏产品由如下物质制备:能凝固的含水硫酸钙分散体,其具有小于0.4到1的水与固体的比率,所述分散体具有遍布其中分布的具有不透水(water-impervious)表面的轻质中空体;能够在所述硫酸钙分散体的存在下水合的能水合接合剂(如硫铝酸钙),所述能水合接合剂是与所述分散体中过量的水具有反应性的。由此,能水合接合剂与水反应,优选没有明显的热输入,以填充另外可由在固化期间过量水的存在产生的孔。
能水合接合剂典型地为硫铝酸钙接合剂,所述硫铝酸钙接合剂是这样的:其与分散体中的水反应以形成钙矾石。
能水合接合剂以足以与由硫酸钙与水反应产生的过量水反应的量存在,所述过量水例如为基于水硬性粉末的重量(即,基于包含能水合接合剂的在硫酸钙分散体中的能凝固的固体的重量)的5-15重量%。基于相同基础,更优选的量为约10%,例如8-12%。
分散体中的硫酸钙典型地是已知适合于低需水量熟石膏的硫酸钙;实例包括α-熟石膏、无水石膏II或无水石膏III。所述分散体可进一步包含其它材料以使其需水量最小化,例如一种或多种高效减水剂(superplasticiser)。所述硫酸钙可选地为具有高性能高效减水剂的β-熟石膏。
所述轻质中空体可例如是膨胀聚苯乙烯珠粒、颗粒状软木、中空球或由凝固后聚合的聚合物泡沫制备的球(使得所述球不可渗水)。中空体各自具有一个或多个孔穴(void)或封闭的空穴(cavity),在每个中空体中的孔穴或空穴具有密闭孔的性质(其不允许与各自的中空体的表面气体和/或液体连通)。在每个这样的中空体中,孔穴或空穴被中空体的不透水表面包围。基于水硬性粉末的重量,所述中空体典型地以0.5-2重量%的量存在。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,特别优选所述分散体包含至少一种具有显著的疏水性的添加剂;这样添加剂典型地是至少一种两亲化合物,如皂(soap)。这样的皂的优选实例是长链脂肪酸盐,如钙、锌、镁和/或铝的硬脂酸盐。这样的皂包含烃链(其对疏水性有贡献)且还有羧酸盐基团(其对亲水性有贡献)—因此这是它们可定性为两亲物的原因。基于水硬性粉末的重量,其优选量为1-15%。
所述分散体可进一步包含在碱性环境中固化以形成疏水性有机硅树脂的防水剂(water repellent)。这样的实例为烷基/乙烯基烷氧基硅烷、烷基/乙烯基硅氧烷、烷基/乙烯基硅烷醇、烷基硅酸酯(siliconate)及其混合物。商购获得的适宜实例是Wacker Silres BS16和BS1260。在一些实施方案中,防水剂或其前体可为粉末形式。
分散体可进一步包含纤维增强物,例如特别是玻璃纤维增强物;当存在玻璃纤维增强物时,特别优选分散体还包含例如上段描述的防水剂。
用于构成所述分散体的固体可以干组分的形式提供,以与水原位组合形成所述分散体。可提供这样的干混以原位铸造轻质块。
在使用中,允许分散体凝固以形成熟石膏体,如块或板、或应用于墙面等的饰面层。
当根据本发明生产石膏板时,所述板可具有或不具有表面增强物或衬片(liner sheet);当使用表面增强物时,后者可例如是纤维粗孔织物(fibre scrim)、纤维网(fibre mesh)或纸。
特别优选所述石膏体在未进行外部应用加热以造成其干燥下生产,由于在常规石膏板生产中的高能量成本(在能量的直接购买方面和在CO2排放弥补(off-setting)的弥补方面),这可为进一步的优点;因此,根据本发明的产品可具有降低的配备能耗(embodied energy)。
在适当的时候,其它无毒材料、辅助物和组分可存在于分散体中。这样的无毒材料可包括任选的其它组分,例如淀粉、促凝剂和缓凝剂、形变抑制剂(如防流挂剂)、抗收缩添加剂、再煅烧抑制剂(recalcination inhibitor)、泡沫稳定剂、杀菌剂、杀真菌剂、pH调节剂、着色剂、阻燃剂和填料(如粒状无机材料或塑料,在一些实施方式中其可为膨胀形式)。
根据本发明使用的分散体的pH典型地为10-13。
发明延伸到当通过根据本发明的方法生产时的石膏建筑产品如块、墙板、饰面等,特别是用在户外环境的这样的产品和遭遇下雨或与水(例如与水体(a body of water))的其它接触的这样的产品。
现在,在以下运行的示例性实施例中解释本发明的某些有利特征和可操作本发明的方法。
实施例1
利用行星混合作用、使用Kenwood KM300 Chef Mixer生产实验室样品。水硬性材料为纯的α熟石膏(Saint-Gobain Formula,‘Crystacal Base’)或α熟石膏:Belitex CSA接合剂的9:1共混物。使用在塑料袋中干共混为水硬性材料的1.2%w:w的1mm直径的膨胀聚苯乙烯珠粒而降低密度。在子集1.3和1.4中还在该阶段共混硬脂酸钙粉末(即由FACI(UK)获得的SM-Microfine”级)。将自来水预热至40℃,以复制与所述粉末混合时典型的工厂浆料温度。将水按水:固体粉末为0.35:1称量,并首先添加至混合槽中,在子集1.5和1.6中接着添加液体疏水性添加剂。
将具有EPS珠粒的水硬性材料经30秒倾倒在该液体上、静置30秒并混合1分钟(以设定(setting)1开始且每10秒渐进式增加混合的速度直到在设定6时结束)。将该浆料沉积在有机硅橡胶模具中,以浇铸6个尺寸20mm×20mm×100mm的长方体。在熟石膏的水合完成后(这典型地为1小时,并通过温度测量确定),将样品脱模,然后在塑料袋中密封48小时,以使得CSA进一步水合。然后将样品在40℃下干燥12小时或更久。准备工作包括采用带锯切除5mm边缘,以露出核心,使其在腔室内在23℃/50%RH下适应12小时或更久。获得此时的重量和尺寸以给出初始重量和密度。
得到的结果示于下表1.
表1
Figure BDA00001972087100041
实施例2(比较)
为了比较的目的,由Saint-Gobain Gyproc获得可商购获得的Glasroc块体(piece)。将聚甲基氢硅氧烷在混合器阶段添加至该玻璃增强产品中,并使用聚合物涂覆以进一步防止表面进水。将其切成125mm×125mm块体以进行吸水试验。结果以与实施例3比较的方式示于表2。
实施例3
采用与实施例2中详述的相同的方法,除了以下差异。
水硬性粉末为α熟石膏:CSA接合剂的9:1共混物。对40℃水的计量(gauging)略高于实施例1,为0.4的水:固体比。将过量的浆料沉积在下部具有来自Johns Manville的玻璃薄毡(glass tissue)饰面材料的两个模具中。模具由尺寸为152mm×152mm×12.5mm(内部尺寸)的黄铜方形部分(brass squaresection)制成。然后在浆料顶部的顶部上放置玻璃薄毡的顶部块体,并通过使金属棒横跨两端滑动而迫使浆料通过,由此浸渍所述薄毡。将模具在两个Perspex片材之间压低。
水合后,将样品脱模,并于
Figure BDA00001972087100051
气候室中在60℃、20%RH下干燥12小时。准备工作包括采用带锯切除边缘以露出核心,和生产长度和宽度为114-122mm的样品。
吸水测试结果示于表2。湿强度测试结果示于表3。
表2
表3
Figure BDA00001972087100053
吸水测试
吸水测试通过将样品在23℃下浸没于自来水中完成,使得保持样品顶部与水位之间30mm的水位差。在给定的时间后,取出样品并在重新称重前吸干过量的水。使用的方法与在EN520:2004的第5.9.2节中给出的相同,但样品尺寸更小且采用长于2小时的浸渍时间以证明本发明改进的耐水性。实施例1的结果是三次测量的平均值,而实施例2和3由两次测量得到。
湿强度测试
采用用于石膏板中心和边缘硬度测量的与ASTM-C 473的第12节类似的方法,确定浸渍240小时的样品(即饱和样品)的湿强度。采用Mecmesin测力计在30mm/min的十字头速率下,测量驱动2mm直径钢冲头(ASTM-C473规定2.5mm)通过13mm样品所需的最大力。围绕样品边缘重复该试验16次,以确定平均值。

Claims (10)

1.一种生产耐水性石膏产品的方法,其中所述石膏产品由如下物质制备:能凝固的含水硫酸钙分散体,其具有小于0.4到1的水与固体的比率,所述分散体具有遍布其中分布的具有不透水表面的轻质中空体;能够在所述硫酸钙分散体的存在下水合的能水合接合剂,所述能水合接合剂是与所述分散体中过量的水具有反应性的,其中基于水硬性粉末的重量,能水合接合剂以5-15%的量存在。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述能水合接合剂包含硫铝酸钙。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述中空体是膨胀的聚苯乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项的方法,其中基于所述水硬性粉末的重量,所述中空体以0.5-2重量%的量存在。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项的方法,其中所述分散体包含两亲化合物。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述两亲化合物是皂。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任意一项的方法,其中所述分散体包含在碱性环境中固化以形成疏水性有机硅树脂的防水剂。
8.根据本发明的方法,其中所述分散体进一步包含玻璃纤维增强物。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项的方法,其中所述石膏产品具有表面增强物。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任意一项的方法,其中所述石膏产品在未进行外部应用加热的情况下生产。
CN2010800631333A 2009-12-04 2010-12-02 具有增强耐水性的轻质石膏产品 Pending CN102741193A (zh)

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GB0921293.7A GB2475900B (en) 2009-12-04 2009-12-04 Lightweight gypsum products having enhanced water resistance
GB0921293.7 2009-12-04
PCT/GB2010/052011 WO2011067601A1 (en) 2009-12-04 2010-12-02 Lightweight gypsum products having enhanced water resistance

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