CN102741101A - 用于自动制动车辆以避免发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法 - Google Patents

用于自动制动车辆以避免发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法 Download PDF

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CN102741101A
CN102741101A CN2011800078231A CN201180007823A CN102741101A CN 102741101 A CN102741101 A CN 102741101A CN 2011800078231 A CN2011800078231 A CN 2011800078231A CN 201180007823 A CN201180007823 A CN 201180007823A CN 102741101 A CN102741101 A CN 102741101A
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G·尼特兹
P·察恩
P·赖尼施
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K31/00Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator
    • B60K31/0008Vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed, i.e. preventing speed from exceeding an arbitrarily established velocity or maintaining speed at a particular velocity, as selected by the vehicle operator including means for detecting potential obstacles in vehicle path
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/22Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger initiated by contact of vehicle, e.g. bumper, with an external object, e.g. another vehicle, or by means of contactless obstacle detectors mounted on the vehicle
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/184Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R2021/01204Actuation parameters of safety arrangents
    • B60R2021/01252Devices other than bags
    • B60R2021/01259Brakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units, or advanced driver assistance systems for ensuring comfort, stability and safety or drive control systems for propelling or retarding the vehicle
    • B60W30/08Active safety systems predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision or attempting to minimise its consequences
    • B60W30/09Taking automatic action to avoid collision, e.g. braking and steering

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于自动制动车辆以避免与检测到的碰撞对象发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法,其中,在测定的干预时间点对车辆的制动系统进行自动控制,从而致使车辆减速,以及,通过增强地操纵加速踏板可以实现对自动制动干预的自动解除。本发明的特征在于,根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态的超越控制动作、特别是根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态的加速踏板操纵来实施解除。

Description

用于自动制动车辆以避免发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分所述的用于自动制动车辆以避免发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法。
背景技术
现代的司机辅助系统能够通过自发启动的全制动来完全避免即将发生的碰撞或者至少是最小化碰撞后果。这种系统通过合适的传感器装置(雷达、激光雷达、图像处理器)或者通过分析车辆-车辆间通信来测知车辆周围环境和确定可能的碰撞对象。如果碰撞即将发生,则在确定的干预时间点引入全减速。
对干预时间点的错误计算或者在很少的情况下还有错误的传感数据会导致不期望和不可行地干预紧急制动系统。对于这种情况,可以实现相应的机构,通过这些机构,司机可以超越控制系统干预。超越控制的可能类型是操纵探测器或加速踏板或者操纵加速踏板中的深踏降挡(Kick-Down)探测器。例如由DE 10 2004 062 496A1已知通过(增强地)操纵加速踏板来进行系统干预的超越控制。
原则上,操纵加速踏板是一种特别直观的超越控制类型,因为它对应于自动干预的逻辑反作用。但对此已知的超越控制机构在不同的行驶状况中可能导致对超越控制期望的错误解释。如果选择加速踏板作为超越控制机构,则无意的操纵也可能错误地被解释为超越控制期望。亦即确定的是,司机在强烈的以及尤其是不期望的制动时倾向于“踩下(fallen)”加速踏板。因此,单单识别加速踏板的操纵在这种情况下并不对应于真实的超越期望
Figure BDA00001954421300011
如果选择深踏降挡探测器作为超越控制机构,则对于系统超越控制,有时或多或少直观感觉的加速踏板行程对司机来说是苛求。该行程可以附加地不期望加速地作用于车辆并且不必要花费时间直至识别超越期望。在下述情况中尤其是这样,即,已经激活轻微的警告制动或者声音的警告。在这里不考虑无意的加速踏板操纵。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对上述的缺点给出一种改善的用于自动地制动车辆以避免碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法。
该目的通过按权利要求1所述的方法来达到。有利的发展设计可由从属权利要求得出。
本发明从传统的用于自动制动车辆以避免与检测到的碰撞对象发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法触发,其中,在即将发生碰撞的情况下在确定的干预时间点对车辆的制动系统进行自动控制,从而致使车辆减速。在干预时间点之前在确定的警告时间点就已经可以触发司机警告,以便向可能注意力不集中的司机提前指出碰撞危险。在此,这样及时地发出司机警告,使得司机还能自主地引入相应的司机反应以避免碰撞。
本发明是基于这样的认识,即,适配于瞬时减速度的系统干预超越控制
Figure BDA00001954421300021
可以消除上面述及的缺点。考虑到这种认识,本发明的方法的特征在于,根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态的超越控制动作
Figure BDA00001954421300022
特别是根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态的加速踏板操纵来实施对自动系统干预的超越控制或者对自动制动干预的解除(Deaktivierung,去活)。
因为为了评定行驶动力学状态可以实施对当前车辆减速度的分析,由此适合于:根据依赖于当前车辆减速度的加速踏板操纵强度来实施对自动系统干预的超越控制或者对自动制动干预的解除。有利地,当加速踏板在激活自动制动干预之后被操纵大于一个预定的、依赖于当前减速度的第一差分踏板角度时,实施对自动制动干预的解除。有利地在此注意到,始终从剩余的加速踏板行程(即在制动之前或在制动时刻加速踏板角度与终端止挡的差值)出发来计算所需要的差分踏板角度。相应的预定的第一差分踏板角度可以例如存储在一综合特性曲线中。
可以有利地如下预定依赖于当前减速度的第一差分踏板角度:当以小的减速度制动车辆,则有利地的是,小的加速踏板操纵便已足以针对超越控制期望发送信号,亦即,在小的减速度时也预定一个小的第一差分踏板角度作为第一差分踏板角度。但是当以全减速度制动车辆时,只是由于强的加速踏板操纵或深踏降挡探测器操纵才识别超越控制期望和实施对制动干预的自动解除,亦即,在大的减速度(特别是在全减速度时)时,与小的减速度时相比,也预定一个大的或较大的第一差分踏板角度作为第一差分踏板角度。
针对位于其间的区域的建模,线性变化曲线是适合的,但是任何其他的(用公式表达的)关系是可转换的。这意味着,在本发明的有利设计方案中,根据当前的减速度这样地预定为了解除自动制动干预而要超过的第一差分踏板角度,使得至少在预定的减速度范围内,车辆的当前减速度越大,则要超过的第一差分踏板角度也预定得越大。
如果该碰撞避免系统或者说用于自动制动车辆以避免碰撞的方法设计为,在位于干预时间点之前的预定的警告时间点已经向司机发出视觉的、声音的或触觉的司机警告,以便向司机指出面临的危险,可以通过相应的司机行为来使自动的司机警告解除。在此有利地同样适合于,分析对加速踏板的操纵情况,特别是,类似于对制动干预的解除,在达到或超过预定的第二差分踏板角度时实施对自动的司机警告的解除。但是通常在此(较强地)操纵加速踏板少量百分比就足够。
根据减速度进行系统超越控制的这种可能性,使得与迄今的现有技术相比能够实现更加迅速和无缺陷地识别司机实际的超越控制愿望。在这里所描述的机制通过有针对性地观察加速踏板,即使在警告和部分制动时也降低错误触发的可能性,并由此大大有助于实现提高的系统可接受性。
附图说明
现在借助下面的实施例再次阐述描述本发明。在此,唯一的附图示出一综合特性曲线,表示对于使系统干预和司机警告解除所需要的以及依赖于车辆当前角速度a-的差分踏板角度dα。
具体实施方式
只要仅给出声音的司机警告,该司机警告还在实际的系统干预之前发生,则提高加速踏板角度少量百分比就已经足够(参见dαmin),以便使司机警告解除和阻止系统紧急制动。这一情况在综合特性曲线中通过点DP2表示。但是,一旦发生自动的制动干预,该制动干预导致车辆的减速度a-,则为了超越控制或为了解除而需要较强地操纵加速踏板。在小的约3m/s2减速度下进行的警告制动已经需要剩下的加速踏板行程或剩下的踏板角度的约三分之一dα1/3;相反,仅通过将加速踏板几乎完全踩到底dαkd和操纵深踏降挡探测器,可以超越控制全制动amax。为了实现位于其间的区域的建模,在该实例中确定一线性的变化曲线,其中,在当前减速a-与第一差分踏板角度dα之间任何其他的关系也是可转换的。

Claims (7)

1.用于自动制动车辆以避免与检测到的碰撞对象发生碰撞或减轻碰撞后果的方法,其中,在确定的干预时间点对车辆的制动系统进行自动控制,从而致使车辆减速,以及,通过增强地操纵加速踏板实现对自动制动干预的自动解除,其特征在于,根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态(a-)的超越控制动作(dα)、特别是根据依赖于当前行驶动力学状态的加速踏板操纵(dα)来实施解除。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,根据依赖于车辆的当前减速度(a-)的加速踏板操纵(dα)来实施解除。
3.按照上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,当加速踏板在激活自动制动干预之后被操纵大于一个预定的、依赖于当前减速度(a-)的第一差分踏板角度(dα,DP1)时,才实施对自动制动干预的解除。
4.按照权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,根据当前减速度(a-)按下述方式预定为了解除自动制动干预而要超过的第一差分踏板角度(DP1):在小的减速度(3m/s2)的情况下预定一个小的第一差分踏板角度(dα1/3)作为第一差分踏板角度(DP1),和/或在大的减速度(amax)的情况下,与在小的减速度(a-)的情况下相比,预定一个更大的第一差分踏板角度(dαkd)作为第一差分踏板角度(DP1)。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,根据当前减速度(a-)按下述方式预定为了解除自动制动干预而要超过的第一差分踏板角度(DP1):至少在预定的减速度范围(3m/s2-amax)内,车辆的当前减速度越大,则所述要超过的第一差分踏板角度(DP1)就预定得越大。
6.按照上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其中,在位于干预时间点之前的确定的警告时间点触发一种司机警告,其特征在于,在达到或超过一个预定的第二差分踏板角度(DP2)时实施对司机警告的自动解除。
7.按照上述权利要求之一所述的方法,其特征在于,用于解除司机警告的所述预定的第二差分踏板角度(DP2)至少不大于用于解除自动制动干预的最小的、预定的第一差分踏板角度(DP1)。
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