CN102735545A - Two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device and relates to a composite loading test device. The device is to solve the problems that the existing loading device is complicated in structure and high in cost, and cannot achieve composite loading of two-way stretching or compressing load and inside shearing load of a reinforced wall plate structure. A first distributing girder and a second distributing girder are arranged in parallel; a first pin shaft and a second pin shaft are arranged on the first distributing girder; a third pin shaft and a fourth pin shaft are arranged on the second distributing girder; four pairs of loading clamp plates and a test piece are arranged between the first distributing girder and the second distributing girder; four edges of the test piece are detachably connected through the four pairs of loading clamp plates; a first pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the first pin shaft and a fifth pin shaft; a second pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the second pin shaft and a sixth pin shaft; a third pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the third pin shaft and a seventh pin shaft, and a fourth pairs of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the fourth pin shaft and an eighth pin shaft. The two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device is used for a composite loading test of a reinforced wall plate structure component for aerospace.

Description

Bi-directional compression is sheared the compound loading test unit

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of compound loading test unit.

Background technology

Reinforcement wallboard in the Aerospace Engineering structure, be a kind of can bearing plane in-draw compressive load and the basic structure of shear-type load form, have a wide range of applications.This class formation bears unidirectional or two-way Compression and Expansion load in-service, and inplane shear load.

When this class formation of design, often need verify bearing capacity and stability with the mode of test.Cut or press shearing load to need complicated charger and higher test condition owing on testpieces, apply to draw, the method for therefore simplifying is testpieces to be done independent inplane shear test test with the single shaft tension and compression.Because the reinforcement wallboard in-service; The least favorable situation is axial compression and shear-type load acting in conjunction in the bearing plane; In order accurately to forecast reinforcement wallboard bearing capacity and the stability under the real load situation, must carry out the test of compression shear compound loading to the reinforcement wall panel structure.

Known method and apparatus has two types.One type is the charger through complicacy, cooperates multichannel actuator to realize that predetermined combined load loads.Another kind of is ingenious design through charger, realizes that the pulling force or the pressure of single shaft changes into the compound loading to testpieces.Can realize applying of any load for first kind method, shortcoming is that the device complicacy expends greatly, common whole box section is applied combined load investigate the method for local wallboard stability and just belongs to this type of.For second class methods, have device can realize the uniaxial compression shear-type load at present, but device is complicated, can not realize the two-way stretch of reinforcement wallboard class formation or the compound loading of compressive load and inplane shear load.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bi-directional compression and shear the compound loading test unit, to solve present charger complex structure, expense is high and can not realizes problem the compound loading of the two-way stretch of reinforcement wallboard class formation or compressive load and inplane shear load.

The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be: bi-directional compression is sheared the compound loading test unit; Said device comprises first distribution beam and second distribution beam, first bearing pin, second bearing pin, the 3rd bearing pin, the 4th bearing pin, the 5th bearing pin, the 6th bearing pin, the 7th bearing pin, the 8th bearing pin, four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate; Every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that laterally arrange; Four pairs of transmission rods are defined as first pair of transmission rod, second pair of transmission rod, the 3rd pair of transmission rod and the 4th pair of transmission rod respectively; First distribution beam and second distribution beam laterally arrange; First distribution beam is provided with first bearing pin and second bearing pin, and second distribution beam is provided with the 3rd bearing pin and the 4th bearing pin, and four pairs load clamping plate and test specimen is located between first distribution beam and second distribution beam; Four limits of test specimen load clamping plate through four pairs and removably connect; Be respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin, the 6th bearing pin, the 7th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin on four pairs of loading clamping plate, first pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected through first bearing pin and the 5th bearing pin, and second pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected through second bearing pin and the 6th bearing pin; The 3rd pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected through the 3rd bearing pin and the 7th bearing pin, and the 4th pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected through the 4th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin.

The present invention has following beneficial effect: this device transmission rod is crossed over testpieces, and transformation has improved stability for drawing.Use bearing pin, make that Path of Force Transfer is clear, the power value is clear and definite.Can realize applying the bi-directional compression load simultaneously under the prerequisite of rectangular slab four limit homogeneous shear loads, break through restriction in the past.Cooperate common pulling experiment machine or tension and compression actuator to use, simple and easy to do.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is an one-piece construction front view of the present invention, and Fig. 2-Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that bi-directional compression is sheared the compound loading test unit.

Embodiment

Embodiment one: combine Fig. 1-Fig. 4 that this embodiment is described; The bi-directional compression of this embodiment is sheared the compound loading test unit; Said device comprises the first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2, the first bearing pin 3-1, the second bearing pin 3-2, the 3rd bearing pin 3-3, the 4th bearing pin 3-4, the 5th bearing pin 3-5, the 6th bearing pin 3-6, the 7th bearing pin 3-7, the 8th bearing pin 3-8, four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate 5; Every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that laterally arrange; Four pairs of transmission rods are defined as first couple of transmission rod 4-1, second couple of transmission rod 4-2, the 3rd couple of transmission rod 4-3 and the 4th couple of transmission rod 4-4 respectively; The first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2 laterally arrange; The first distribution beam 2-1 is provided with the first bearing pin 3-1 and the second bearing pin 3-2, and the second distribution beam 2-2 is provided with the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th bearing pin 3-4, and four pairs load clamping plate 5 and test specimen 6 is located between the first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2; Four limits of test specimen 6 load clamping plate 5 through four pairs and removably connect; Be respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin 3-5, the 6th bearing pin 3-6, the 7th bearing pin 3-7 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8 on four pairs of loading clamping plate 5, first couple of transmission rod 4-1 is rotationally connected through the first bearing pin 3-1 and the 5th bearing pin 3-5, and second couple of transmission rod 4-2 is rotationally connected through the second bearing pin 3-2 and the 6th bearing pin 3-6; The 3rd couple of transmission rod 4-3 is rotationally connected through the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 7th bearing pin 3-7, and the 4th couple of transmission rod 4-4 is rotationally connected through the 4th bearing pin 3-4 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8.

Device can be realized testpieces two opposite side are exerted pressure and apply inplane shear power simultaneously, and this device is installed on the tension tester and uses, and also can be used the work of axial tension actuator.Lower chuck connects the pulling force loading arm respectively on the testing machine, applies pulling force P.According to the relative position of bearing pin, determined to distribute to the power value ratio of two pairs of transmission rods.The other end of transmission rod is crossed over the testpieces horizontal center line, connects bearing pin, and transformation power is loaded as pulling force and loads, and has improved the stability of charger, has reduced the rigidity requirement of transmission rod, and makes power transmission angle and power transmission size clearer and more definite.

Embodiment two: combine Fig. 1 that this embodiment is described, first distribution beam 2-1 of this embodiment and the midway of the second distribution beam 2-2 respectively are provided with a loading arm 1, and this structure is used to connect testing machine, applies pulling force.Other embodiment is identical with embodiment one.

Embodiment three: combine Fig. 1 that this embodiment is described, have first chute, 7, the first bearing pin 3-1 on the first distribution beam 2-1 of this embodiment and the second bearing pin 3-2 slides in first chute 7; Have second chute, 8, the three bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th bearing pin 3-4 on the second distribution beam 2-2 and in second chute 8, slide, but this structure regulated at will first bearing pin 3-1, the second bearing pin 3-2, the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th position of bearing pin 3-4 on distribution beam.Other embodiment is identical with embodiment one.

Principle of work: combine Fig. 2-Fig. 4 that the principle of bi-directional compression shearing compound loading test unit is described, testing machine pulling force P, testpieces are placed the distance b apart from a, long side direction test site length a ', short side direction the 5th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin center, short side direction test site length b ', the stressed F of the 5th bearing pin 3-5 at drift angle α (i.e. the angle of the line at the 5th bearing pin 3-5 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8 center and testing machine pulling force P active line), long side direction the 6th bearing pin and the 7th bearing pin center ₁, the stressed F of the 8th bearing pin 3-8 ₁', the stressed F of the 6th bearing pin 3-6 ₂, the stressed F of the 7th bearing pin 3-7 ₂', F ₁Pressure component F _1t, F ₂Pressure component F _2t, F ₁Shear component F _1q, F ₂Shear component F _2q, the first bearing pin 3-1 or the 4th bearing pin 3-4 distance C 2 to distance C 1, the second bearing pin 3-2 of pulling force P active line or the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 to pulling force P active line.

This device is placed drift angle α and pulling force P through the adjustment testpieces, reaches the function of the size of adjustment plate four limit shearing pressure.Provide derivation below.

Can know by the distribution beam dynamic balance: P=F ₁+ F ₂

Two bearing pins are got square and can be got: $F_1({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="C"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_1+C_2)=F_1(\frac{1}{2}b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{1}{2}a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})={\mathrm{PC}}_2=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}\frac{1}{2}a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}.$

Obtain: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1=P\frac{a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})},$ In like manner, $F_2=P\frac{b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})}.$

By Fig. 4, to F ₁, F ₂Be decomposed into along the component of edges of boards with perpendicular to the component of edges of boards, obtain:

$F_{1q}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})}$ With $F_{2q}=F_2\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})},$

$F_{1t}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{a{\mathrm{Cos}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})}$ With $F_{2t}=F_2\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{b{\mathrm{Sin}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&alpha;})}.$

The investigation shear component is found: F _1qB=F _2qA.

Suppose thickness of slab t; Evenly distribute along thickness of slab direction shear stress, then shear stress

If want τ ₁=τ ₂=τ then needs a ' b=ab ', promptly

Can know by above derivation: 1, plate four limit shearing force winding board central point anomaly weighing apparatuses, plate can not rotate; 2, under the condition that satisfies

; No matter the length breadth ratio of plate how; Rotate what kind of angle, the shearing stress that passes to plate four limits is uniformity always.

Investigate the pressure ratio of cutting in addition, can get:

with the limit and

Investigate the both sides pressure ratio: $\frac{F_{1t}}{F_{2t}}=\frac{{\mathrm{Cos}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{{\mathrm{Sin}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}={\mathrm{Cot}}^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}.$

Hence one can see that: 1, cut the placement angle [alpha] decision of pressure ratio by plate, if the pressure on given any one side is cut ratio, then angle [alpha] has just been confirmed; 2, as if the pressure ratio on given both sides, angle [alpha] just has been determined so.

By above conclusion, experimental concrete condition designs satisfactory bi-directional compression and shears the step of compound loading test unit and be: the length breadth ratio of step 1, confirmed test part

confirms that thus bearing pin spacing ratio

confirms that the concrete numerical value of a, b need guarantee also that pressure evenly spreads to and receive flanging; Step 2, by the test load condition must know the pressure on any one side cut than or the pressure ratio on both sides, confirmed test part drift angle α and test total pulling force P thus; Under the situation that step 3, a, b, α all confirm, install the geometric position parameter of whole parts and just can confirm.According to total pulling force P, design the sectional dimension of whole parts again.

Claims (3)

1. a bi-directional compression is sheared the compound loading test unit; It is characterized in that said device comprises first distribution beam (2-1) and second distribution beam (2-2), first bearing pin (3-1), second bearing pin (3-2), the 3rd bearing pin (3-3), the 4th bearing pin (3-4), the 5th bearing pin (3-5), the 6th bearing pin (3-6), the 7th bearing pin (3-7), the 8th bearing pin (3-8), four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate (5); Every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that laterally arrange; Four pairs of transmission rods are defined as first pair of transmission rod (4-1), second pair of transmission rod (4-2), the 3rd pair of transmission rod (4-3) and the 4th pair of transmission rod (4-4) respectively; First distribution beam (2-1) and second distribution beam (2-2) laterally arrange; First distribution beam (2-1) is provided with first bearing pin (3-1) and second bearing pin (3-2); Second distribution beam (2-2) is provided with the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 4th bearing pin (3-4); Four pairs load clamping plate (5) and test specimen (6) is located between first distribution beam (2-1) and second distribution beam (2-2); Four limits of test specimen (6) load clamping plate (5) through four pairs and removably connect; Be respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin (3-5), the 6th bearing pin (3-6), the 7th bearing pin (3-7) and the 8th bearing pin (3-8) on four pairs of loading clamping plate (5), first pair of transmission rod (4-1) is rotationally connected through first bearing pin (3-1) and the 5th bearing pin (3-5), and second pair of transmission rod (4-2) is rotationally connected through second bearing pin (3-2) and the 6th bearing pin (3-6); The 3rd pair of transmission rod (4-3) is rotationally connected through the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 7th bearing pin (3-7), and the 4th pair of transmission rod (4-4) is rotationally connected through the 4th bearing pin (3-4) and the 8th bearing pin (3-8).

2. shear the compound loading test unit according to the said bi-directional compression of claim 1, it is characterized in that the midway of first distribution beam (2-1) and second distribution beam (2-2) respectively is provided with a loading arm (1).

3. shear the compound loading test unit according to claim 1 or 2 said bi-directional compression, it is characterized in that having on first distribution beam (2-1) first chute (7), first bearing pin (3-1) and second bearing pin (3-2) slide in first chute (7); Have second chute (8) on second distribution beam (2-2), the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 4th bearing pin (3-4) slide in second chute (8).

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