CN103454151A - Composite compression-shear loading testing device - Google Patents
Composite compression-shear loading testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103454151A CN103454151A CN2013103632969A CN201310363296A CN103454151A CN 103454151 A CN103454151 A CN 103454151A CN 2013103632969 A CN2013103632969 A CN 2013103632969A CN 201310363296 A CN201310363296 A CN 201310363296A CN 103454151 A CN103454151 A CN 103454151A
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Abstract
The invention provides a composite compression-shear loading testing device. The device comprises an upper cross beam and a lower cross beam which are telescopic in length, loading heads which are fixed on the cross beams in the manner that the positions of the loading heads can be adjusted, four specimen reinforcement plates and eight connecting rods, wherein the four sides of a specimen are relatively symmetrical to the eight connecting rods. The device can be used for continuously regulating the compression-shear ratio and reducing the requirement on the size of the specimen, is light in weight design and has better adaptability to a hydraulic system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Aviation Composite Structure mechanical testing equipment, relate more specifically to a kind of pressure and cut the combined loading test device.
Background technology
Compound substance is widely used in aviation field, and lightweight, integration and the high performance that promotes structure played a significant role.But the discrete type of compound substance manufacture and computational analysis classical theory imperfection have determined the composite structure design and will take test as basis.The test of some standards has had relevant ASTM standard, but nonstandard test also needs research and accumulation.For the part of compound substance, the ability that bears is much larger than pressure-bearing, and pressure-bearing there will be the problems such as flexing and crushing.In addition, for the long purlin of compound substance Material Stiffened Panel structure, be seldom only the compression of single shaft, generally the compression of long purlin and covering are sheared and are all coexisted.There is certain experimental basis in the domestic scientific research institutions of the compression of single shaft, and still pressure is cut compound test does not also have basic breakthrough.
Domestic university, scientific research institution and engineering design enterprise are cut the compound loading technology to pressure and have been carried out certain research, and develop and be applicable to some special objects and press the device of cutting the compound mechanics test: as the compression shear performance testing device for cementation interface, to rectangular slab compression shear performance testing device, to the compression shear performance test of composite-material laminates.
These devices pass through mechanical means mostly, utilize lever principle, rectangle or the test piece of slender tapes shape are carried out to diagonal loading with the simulation shearing, and axially loaded, as the denomination of invention that proposed by inventors such as the Wang Yong Chinese patent application prospectus CN1670503A that is " tensile-shear compressive-shear complex loading tester " simultaneously.This kind of thinking be science with succinct.Yet, still there is limitation in the such device of recognizing now on applicable, as can not regulate or very limitedly regulate press cut ratio, can only be tested for the test specimen of specific dimensions, to the testpieces accuracy requirement higher and be not easy to meet, structure is overweight and make the clamping difficulty etc. that becomes.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, provide a kind of novel pressure to cut the combined loading test device, thereby it can be regulated easily and effectively and press dimensional requirement, the design lightweight of cutting ratio, having reduced test specimen to reduce the weight of whole device and needn't use hydraulic actuation system to be loaded, improve the adaptability of device, greatly reduced cost.
For this reason, according to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of pressure to cut the combined loading test device, wherein, comprising:
Upper and lower crossbeam, it is respectively the length Collapsible structure;
Two loading heads, it is fixed in to position-adjustable respectively on described upper and lower crossbeam;
Four stiffening plates, it comprises left and right side joint stiffening plate and upper and lower termination stiffening plate, wherein,
Left and right side joint stiffening plate connects thereon at pin joint from the left and right sides of the test specimen of rectangle respectively;
Upper and lower termination stiffening plate connects thereon at pin joint from the two ends up and down of test specimen respectively;
Eight connecting rods, it comprises that for the length Collapsible structure on a pair of side joint, connecting rod, pair of end connect connecting rod, a pair of side joint lower link and a pair of termination lower link, each connecting rod is the length Collapsible structure, wherein,
On a pair of side joint, respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of entablature thereon, lower end connects respectively stiffening plate both sides pivot joint from left side thereon in the upper end of connecting rod;
The upper end that pair of end connects connecting rod respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of entablature thereon, lower end respectively from the termination stiffening plate the both sides pivot joint thereon;
Respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of sill thereon, upper end connects respectively stiffening plate both sides pivot joint from right side thereon in the lower end of a pair of side joint lower link;
The lower end of a pair of termination lower link respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of sill thereon, upper end respectively from the termination stiffening plate the both sides pivot joint thereon.
Of the present invention aspect this, the position-adjustable due to loading head on crossbeam, thereby press and cut than regulating continuously; In the situation that crossbeam bears main moment of flexure, four connecting rods mainly bear axle and draw, thereby design can lightweight, thereby have reduced the weight of whole device; This test unit can carry out on common mechanics testing machine, needn't necessarily use hydraulic actuation system, has avoided testing machine to bear side load, has improved adaptability, has greatly reduced cost; Because crossbeam and connecting rod are all the stretching structure of variable-length, device has versatility for the testpieces of different people cun, and can better contain the foozle of testpieces.
Preferably, each loading head comprises the frame type slide block that is sheathed on corresponding described crossbeam and is positioned on frame type slide block and, perpendicular to corresponding crossbeam and the loading pole that extends away from test specimen, loads the hydraulic chuck that pole is suitable for the compatibility test machine.Loading head can slide continuously on crossbeam, therefore press, cuts than regulating continuously by adjusting x, y length ratio.
Preferably, on a side of frame type slide block, be provided with the first pin-and-hole, upper and lower loading head is the relatively upper and lower crossbeam stop by the first spacer pin of the upper and lower crossbeam of butt through the first pin-and-hole respectively.The cooperation of the first spacer pin and the first pin-and-hole has been arranged, when adjusting the position of loading head on crossbeam, can effectively loading head be fixed on crossbeam.
Preferably, each in upper and lower crossbeam comprises with the main beam of center slide opening with the secondary crossbeam of the slide bar coordinated with the center slide opening, also be provided with the second pin-and-hole on main beam, by the second spacer pin through the second pin-and-hole butt slide bar, make the relatively secondary crossbeam stop of main beam.By this structure, lower and upper cross-member all can carry out according to actual needs telescopic and after adjusting length, main beam and secondary crossbeam is fixed to one another.
Preferably, each end of main beam and secondary crossbeam is provided with the 3rd pin-and-hole that runs through its both sides, at an end of each connecting rod, is provided with the 4th pin-and-hole that runs through its both sides, and the 3rd connecting pin is through corresponding the 3rd pin-and-hole and the 4th pin-and-hole.These structures are conducive to crossbeam and connecting rod passes through the connection of connecting pin and fixes.
Preferably, each connecting rod comprises with the master connecting-rod of screwed hole of centre with the slave connecting rod of the screw thread be spirally connected with screwed hole of centre.By this structure, each connecting rod can be easily and is effectively carried out the telescopic adjusting, to be suitable for practical application.
Preferably, the end away from slave connecting rod of master connecting-rod is put down and is provided with the 4th pin-and-hole that runs through its both sides by ream.
Preferably, the end away from master connecting-rod of slave connecting rod is put down and is provided with the 5th pin-and-hole that runs through its both sides by ream, be provided with the 6th pin-and-hole on above-mentioned stiffening plate, and the 4th connecting pin runs through the 5th pin-and-hole and the 6th pin-and-hole and slave connecting rod is connected to these stiffening plates.These structures are conducive to connecting rod and stiffening plate passes through the connection of connecting pin and fixes.
By reference to following described embodiment, these and other aspects of the present invention will clearly be set forth.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Structure of the present invention and mode of operation and further purpose and advantage will be better understood by the description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and wherein, identical reference marker identifies identical element:
Fig. 1 cuts the schematic diagram of combined loading test device according to the pressure of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 presses the loading force Epidemiological Analysis schematic diagram of cutting the combined loading test device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 presses the schematic diagram of the variable-length entablature that loading head is installed of cutting the combined loading test device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the rear view that the variable-length crossbeam of loading head is installed shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 presses the structural representation of the variable length link of cutting the combined loading test device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is the front view of variable length link shown in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the exploded view of variable length link shown in Fig. 6.
Embodiment
As requested, will disclose the specific embodiment of the present invention here.Yet, should be understood that, disclosed embodiment is only exemplary of the present invention here, it can be presented as various forms.Therefore, here the detail disclosed is not considered to restrictive, and be only as the basis of claim and as for instructing those skilled in the art differently to apply representational basis of the present invention in any appropriate mode of reality, comprise employing disclosed various features in conjunction with the feature that may clearly not disclose here here.
It should be noted that in this article, for the structure of the various piece of explaining disclosed embodiment and the direction indication of action, such as upper and lower, left and right, etc., be not absolute, but relative.When the various piece of disclosed embodiment is positioned at position shown in figure, these expressions are suitable.If the position of the embodiment that discloses or reference system change, these expressions also will change according to the position of disclosed embodiment or the change of reference system.
The background of the compression shear compound loading operating mode run in the type Selection Test of this invention based on certain Composite Material Stiffened Panel, designed a kind of pressure that can be widely used in such test and cut the compound loading device.This principle of device is clear and definite, simple for structure, and efficiency is high, and cost is low, strong adaptability, the pressure scissor test of wallboard class, panel class, block materials or the structure that can make for metal or compound substance.This device can be by lever principle and slider designs, regulates the position of load(ing) point, thus realize pressing cut than continuous adjusting.The elongated degree of regulating and weighing by the elongated degree of connecting rod is regulated, and can adapt to the testpieces of different sizes.
Fig. 1 shows according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention and presses and cut the combined loading test device.Referring to Fig. 1 and in conjunction with shown in Fig. 2, this test unit comprises entablature 10, sill 12, two loading heads 20, four stiffening plates and eight connecting rods.
Four stiffening plates comprise that left side connects stiffening plate 30, right side and connects stiffening plate 32 and upper termination stiffening plate 34, lower termination stiffening plate 36; wherein, left side connects stiffening plate 30 and connects stiffening plate 32 with right side and be connected thereon at pin joint 201,202 from the left and right sides of test specimen 1 respectively; Upper termination stiffening plate 34 is connected thereon at pin joint 204,206 from the two ends up and down of test specimen 1 respectively with lower termination stiffening plate 36.
Eight connecting rods comprise that on a pair of side joint, connecting rod 40, pair of end connect connecting rod 42, a pair of side joint lower link 44 and a pair of termination lower link 46; each connecting rod is the length Collapsible structure; wherein; on a pair of side joint, respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of entablature 10 thereon, lower end connects respectively stiffening plate 30 both sides pivot joint from left side thereon in the upper end of connecting rod 40; The upper end that pair of end connects connecting rod 42 respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of entablature 10 thereon, lower end respectively from termination stiffening plate 36 the both sides pivot joint thereon; Respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of sill 12 thereon, upper end connects respectively stiffening plate 32 both sides pivot joint from right side thereon in the lower end of a pair of side joint lower link 44; The lower end of a pair of termination lower link 46 respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of sill 12 thereon, upper end respectively from termination stiffening plate 34 the both sides pivot joint thereon.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show the entablature 10 with loading head 20.As shown in Figure 3 and in conjunction with Fig. 4, entablature 10 comprises main beam 110 and secondary crossbeam 130.Have center slide opening 111 on main beam 110, secondary crossbeam 130 has the slide bar 131 coordinated with center slide opening 111.Also be provided with the second pin-and-hole 113 on main beam 110, the second spacer pin (not shown) by through the second pin-and-hole butt slide bar 131, can make relatively secondary crossbeam 130 stop of main beam 110.Like this, the length of whole entablature determined.If need to adjust the length of entablature, can by by slide bar 131Cong center slide opening 111, pull out or further indentation center slide opening realize.In the present embodiment, sill 12 is structurally identical with entablature 10, thereby does not repeat them here.
Again as shown in Figure 3 and index map 5, each end of main beam 110 and secondary crossbeam 130 is provided with the 3rd pin-and-hole 105 that runs through its both sides, an end at each connecting rod is provided with the 4th pin-and-hole 413 that runs through its both sides, the 3rd connecting pin (not shown) is passed corresponding the 3rd pin-and-hole and the 4th pin-and-hole, thereby crossbeam and connecting rod are linked together.
Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 shows connecting rod 40 on a side joint.As shown in Figure 5, and referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, on side joint, connecting rod 40 comprises with the master connecting-rod 410 of screwed hole of centre 411 with the slave connecting rod 430 of the screw thread 431 be spirally connected with screwed hole of centre 411.An end away from slave connecting rod 430 of master connecting-rod 410 (left end in figure) is put down by ream, and is provided with above-mentioned the 4th pin-and-hole 413 that runs through its both sides.The end away from master connecting-rod 410 at slave connecting rod 430 is put down by ream, and be provided with the 5th pin-and-hole 433 that runs through its both sides, connect on stiffening plate 30 and be provided with the 6th pin-and-hole (not shown) with left side that on this side joint, connecting rod 40 is corresponding, the 4th connecting pin (not shown) runs through the 5th pin-and-hole and the 6th pin-and-hole, thereby slave connecting rod 430 is connected to left side, connects stiffening plate 30.In the present embodiment, on the structure of each in eight connecting rods and side joint, connecting rod 40 is identical.Yet, should be understood that, the length of eight connecting rods can be carried out respectively the telescopic adjusting according to its practical application.
Turn back referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, these two there is shown the loading head 20 be positioned on entablature 10 again, and it comprises frame type slide block 210 and loads pole 230.Wherein, frame type slide block 210 is sheathed on entablature 10; Loading pole 230 is positioned on frame type slide block 210 and perpendicular to entablature 10 and away from test specimen 1 and extends.Load the hydraulic chuck that pole 230 is suitable for the compatibility test machine.As shown in Figure 4, be provided with the first pin-and-hole 211 on a side of frame type slide block 210, loading head 20 is entablature 10 stop relatively by the first spacer pin of the butt entablature 10 through the first pin-and-hole 211.Should be understood that, when loading head 20 covers install on sill 12, it loads pole 230 is down, is also to be positioned on frame type slide block 210 and perpendicular to entablature 10 and away from test specimen 1 to extend.Should be understood that, the version of this loading pole 230 is not limited to the pole form of present embodiment, and it can make flexible variation according to actual conditions.
In present embodiment test unit be by mechanical means realize to the pressure of test specimen 1 cut compound loading and transformation cut than.By the leverage distribute loads constituted of crossbeam and connecting rod, and be applied on the longer wide-edge of rectangle test specimen 1, the angle of inclination by test specimen 1 is assigned as axial pressure and shearing force by power.
Refer again to Fig. 2, when testing machine applies tensile load P, pulling force reaches entablature 10 by top loading head 20, by following loading head 20, reaches sill 12; Each crossbeam is equivalent to lever, and loading head is equivalent to fulcrum, and the length of the left and right arm of force is respectively y, x; Therefore wherein a part of power Py/ (x+y) reaches the two ends of test specimen length direction by longer connecting rod.By power Py/ (x+y) Orthogonal Decomposition loaded on axis, be axle pressure PL and transverse shearing force ST; Another part power Px/ (x+y) acts on the two ends of Width.By its Orthogonal Decomposition, be Xdirection pressure P T and longitudinal shear SL.
By geometric relationship:
α is test specimen fleet angle vertically
In formula, q represents shearing flow, and T represents the shearing flow direction, the length that L is test specimen 1, the width that W is test specimen 1.
Add a two-way axial compression therefore be reduced to a pure shear, therefore:
Pressure was cut than (laterally)
Pressure was cut than (vertically)
Therefore, under the definite condition of test specimen length breadth ratio, press and cut than the arm of force length ratio that only depends on lever.
If deviation angle alpha is very little, sin α levels off to 0, and lateral shaft pressure P T levels off to 0, can be similar to and think unidirectional axial compression.This point is cut than also drawing from pressure: W<L, and x<y, iL is very little.So test specimen is longer, vertically press and cut than larger, more level off to unidirectional axial compression.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) loading head can slide continuously on crossbeam, therefore press, cuts than regulating continuously by adjusting x, y length ratio, is better than the discontinuous adjusting of several discrete wells of patented claim CN1670503A;
2) in this test unit, only lever crossbeam need to be designed to such an extent that rigidity is enough large, it bears main moment of flexure; Four connecting rods mainly bear axle and draw, and design can lightweight, thereby have reduced the weight of whole device;
3) this test unit can carry out on common mechanics testing machine, does not need hydraulic actuation system, keep away rabbit testing machine bear side load, improved adaptability than the scheme in aforementioned patent applications, greatly reduced cost;
4) due to measurement and the connecting rod of variable-length, device has versatility for the testpieces of different size, and can better contain the foozle of testpieces.
Below simply introduce the use operating process of the test unit of present embodiment:
While 1) testing, first the rectangle test specimen is connected with four stiffening plates;
2) again by regulating crossbeam length and length of connecting rod, make test specimen four limits can be connected with eight connecting rods axisymmetrically by stiffening plate, and keep the lower and upper cross-member level; And connecting rod is connected with crossbeam;
3) loading ratio as required, calculate the arm of force Length Ratio of loading head both sides according to formula, loading head slides into correct position, and uses spacer pin or screw that itself and crossbeam are fixed, and prevents its horizontal slip;
4) select suitable testing machine chuck, clamp the loading pole on loading head;
6) debugged testing machine, carried out tension test, testpieces bears to press and cuts combined load.
Technology contents of the present invention and technical characterstic have disclosed as above; yet be appreciated that; under creative ideas of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make various changes and improve said structure and shape; comprise here and to disclose separately or the combination of claimed technical characterictic, comprise significantly other combination of these features.These distortion and/or combination all fall in technical field involved in the present invention, and fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.It should be noted that by convention, in claim, use discrete component to be intended to comprise one or more such elements.In addition, any reference marker in claims should be configured to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a pressure is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Upper and lower crossbeam (10,12), it is respectively the length Collapsible structure;
Two loading heads (20), it is fixed in to position-adjustable respectively on described upper and lower horizontal gird (10,12);
Four stiffening plates, it comprises left and right side joint stiffening plate (30,32) and upper and lower termination stiffening plate (34,36), wherein,
Described left and right side joint stiffening plate (30,32) is located to connect thereon at pin joint (201,202) from the left and right sides of rectangle test specimen (1) respectively;
Described upper and lower termination stiffening plate (34,36) is located to connect thereon at pin joint (204,206) from the two ends up and down of described test specimen (1) respectively;
Eight connecting rods, it comprises that connecting rod on a pair of side joint (40), pair of end connect connecting rod (42), a pair of side joint lower link (44) and a pair of termination lower link (46), each connecting rod is the length Collapsible structure, wherein,
On described a pair of side joint, respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of described entablature (10) thereon, lower end connects respectively stiffening plate (30) both sides pivot joint from described left side thereon in the upper end of connecting rod (40);
Respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of described entablature (10) thereon, from described, the both sides pivot joint of termination stiffening plate (36) is thereon respectively in lower end in the upper end that described pair of end connects connecting rod (42);
Respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the right-hand member of described sill (12) thereon, upper end connects respectively stiffening plate (32) both sides pivot joint from described right side thereon in the lower end of described a pair of side joint lower link (44);
Respectively from the both sides pivot joint of the left end of described sill (12) thereon, from described, the both sides pivot joint of termination stiffening plate (34) is thereon respectively in upper end in the lower end of described a pair of termination lower link (46);
Wherein, relatively described eight the pitman shaft symmetries in four limits of described test specimen (1).
2. pressure as claimed in claim 1 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, each described loading head (20) comprises the frame type slide block (210) on the described crossbeam that is sheathed on correspondence and is positioned at described frame type slide block (210) above and, perpendicular to the described crossbeam of correspondence and the loading pole (230) extended away from described test specimen (1), described loading pole (230) is suitable for the hydraulic chuck of compatibility test machine.
3. pressure as claimed in claim 2 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, be provided with the first pin-and-hole (211) on one side of described frame type slide block (210), described loading head (20) relatively described upper and lower crossbeam stop by the first spacer pin of the described upper and lower crossbeam of butt (10,12) through described the first pin-and-hole.
4. pressure as claimed in claim 1 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, described upper and lower crossbeam (10,12) each in comprises with the main beam of center slide opening (111) (110) with the secondary crossbeam (130) of the slide bar (131) coordinated with described center slide opening, also be provided with the second pin-and-hole (113) on described main beam (110), by the second spacer pin through described the second pin-and-hole the described slide bar of butt (131), make the relatively described secondary crossbeam of described main beam (110) (130) stop.
5. pressure as claimed in claim 4 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, each end of described main beam (110) and described secondary crossbeam (130) is provided with the 3rd pin-and-hole (105) that runs through its both sides, an end at each described connecting rod is provided with the 4th pin-and-hole (413) that runs through its both sides, and the 3rd connecting pin is through corresponding described the 3rd pin-and-hole and described the 4th pin-and-hole.
6. pressure as claimed in claim 5 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, each described connecting rod comprises with the master connecting-rod (410) of screwed hole of centre (411) with the slave connecting rod (430) of the screw thread (431) be spirally connected with described screwed hole of centre.
7. pressure as claimed in claim 6 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, the end away from described slave connecting rod (430) of described master connecting-rod (410) is put down and be provided with described the 4th pin-and-hole (413) that runs through its both sides by ream.
8. pressure as claimed in claim 7 is cut the combined loading test device, it is characterized in that, an end away from described master connecting-rod (410) of described slave connecting rod (430) is put down and is provided with the 5th pin-and-hole (433) that runs through its both sides by ream, be provided with the 6th pin-and-hole on described stiffening plate, the 4th connecting pin runs through described the 5th pin-and-hole and the 6th pin-and-hole and described slave connecting rod is connected to described stiffening plate.
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| CN2013103632969A CN103454151A (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2013-08-20 | Composite compression-shear loading testing device |
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| CN2013103632969A CN103454151A (en) | 2013-08-20 | 2013-08-20 | Composite compression-shear loading testing device |
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| CN104458446A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Device and method for testing shearing characteristics of non-metallic materials |
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| CN105183953B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-04-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Determine the stiffened panel crushing stress influence factor and the method for calculating reinforcement sheet-pile intensity |
| CN105043901B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-08-28 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | A kind of mechanical connecting structure shearing performance test device and its test method |
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