CN102735545B - Two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device and relates to a composite loading test device. The device is to solve the problems that the existing loading device is complicated in structure and high in cost, and cannot achieve composite loading of two-way stretching or compressing load and inside shearing load of a reinforced wall plate structure. A first distributing girder and a second distributing girder are arranged in parallel; a first pin shaft and a second pin shaft are arranged on the first distributing girder; a third pin shaft and a fourth pin shaft are arranged on the second distributing girder; four pairs of loading clamp plates and a test piece are arranged between the first distributing girder and the second distributing girder; four edges of the test piece are detachably connected through the four pairs of loading clamp plates; a first pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the first pin shaft and a fifth pin shaft; a second pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the second pin shaft and a sixth pin shaft; a third pair of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the third pin shaft and a seventh pin shaft, and a fourth pairs of dowel steels are rotationally connected through the fourth pin shaft and an eighth pin shaft. The two-way compressing and shearing composite loading test device is used for a composite loading test of a reinforced wall plate structure component for aerospace.

Description

Bi-directional compression is sheared combined loading test device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of combined loading test device.

Background technology

Material Stiffened Panel in Aerospace Engineering structure, be a kind of can bearing plane in-draw compressive load and the basic structure of shear-type load form, have a wide range of applications.This class formation in-service, bears unidirectional or two-way Compression and Expansion load, and inplane shear load.

When this class formation of design, often need to verify bearing capacity and stability in the mode of test.Owing to applying to draw on testpieces, cut or press shearing load to need complicated charger and higher test condition, the method for therefore simplifying is that testpieces is done to independent inplane shear test and single shaft tension and compression test.Due to Material Stiffened Panel in-service, least favorable situation is axial compression and shear-type load acting in conjunction in bearing plane, for Material Stiffened Panel bearing capacity and the stability of accurate forecast in real load situation, must carry out compression shear combined loading test to Material Stiffened Panel structure.

Known method and apparatus has two classes.One class is by complicated charger, coordinates multichannel actuator to realize predetermined combined load and loads.Another kind of is ingehious design by charger, and pulling force or the pressure of realizing single shaft change into the compound loading to testpieces.For first kind method, can realize applying of Arbitrary Loads, shortcoming is that device complexity expends greatly, common whole box section is applied to combined load investigate the method for local wallboard stability and just belongs to this type of.For Equations of The Second Kind method, have at present device can realize uniaxial compression shear-type load, but device is complicated, can not realize the compound loading to the two-way stretch of Material Stiffened Panel class formation or compressive load and inplane shear load.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of bi-directional compression and shear combined loading test device, to solve current charger complex structure, expense is high and can not realizes the problem to the compound loading of the two-way stretch of Material Stiffened Panel class formation or compressive load and inplane shear load.

The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking to be: bi-directional compression is sheared combined loading test device, and described device comprises the first distribution beam and the second distribution beam, the first bearing pin, the second bearing pin, the 3rd bearing pin, the 4th bearing pin, the 5th bearing pin, the 6th bearing pin, the 7th bearing pin, the 8th bearing pin, four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate, every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that be arranged in parallel, four pairs of transmission rods are defined as respectively first pair of transmission rod, second pair of transmission rod, the 3rd pair of transmission rod and the 4th pair of transmission rod, the first distribution beam and the second distribution beam be arranged in parallel, the first distribution beam is provided with the first bearing pin and the second bearing pin, the second distribution beam is provided with the 3rd bearing pin and the 4th bearing pin, four pairs load clamping plate and test specimen is located between the first distribution beam and the second distribution beam, four limits of test specimen load clamping plate by four pairs and removably connect, and on four pairs of loading clamping plate, are respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin, the 6th bearing pin, the 7th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin, first pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected by the first bearing pin and the 5th bearing pin, second pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected by the second bearing pin and the 6th bearing pin, the 3rd pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected by the 3rd bearing pin and the 7th bearing pin, and the 4th pair of transmission rod is rotationally connected by the 4th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin.

The present invention has following beneficial effect: this device transmission rod is crossed over testpieces, and transformation, for drawing, has improved stability.Use bearing pin, make that Path of Force Transfer is clear, power value is clear and definite.Can realize under the prerequisite of rectangular slab four limit homogeneous shear loads, apply bi-directional compression load simultaneously, break through restriction in the past.Coordinate common pulling experiment machine or tension and compression actuator to use, simple and easy to do.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is one-piece construction front view of the present invention, and Fig. 2-Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that bi-directional compression is sheared combined loading test device.

Embodiment

Embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1-Fig. 4, the bi-directional compression of present embodiment is sheared combined loading test device, described device comprises the first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2, the first bearing pin 3-1, the second bearing pin 3-2, the 3rd bearing pin 3-3, the 4th bearing pin 3-4, the 5th bearing pin 3-5, the 6th bearing pin 3-6, the 7th bearing pin 3-7, the 8th bearing pin 3-8, four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate 5, every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that be arranged in parallel, four pairs of transmission rods are defined as respectively first couple of transmission rod 4-1, second couple of transmission rod 4-2, the 3rd couple of transmission rod 4-3 and the 4th couple of transmission rod 4-4, the first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2 be arranged in parallel, the first distribution beam 2-1 is provided with the first bearing pin 3-1 and the second bearing pin 3-2, the second distribution beam 2-2 is provided with the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th bearing pin 3-4, four pairs load clamping plate 5 and test specimen 6 is located between the first distribution beam 2-1 and the second distribution beam 2-2, four limits of test specimen 6 load clamping plate 5 by four pairs and removably connect, on four pairs of loading clamping plate 5, be respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin 3-5, the 6th bearing pin 3-6, the 7th bearing pin 3-7 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8, first couple of transmission rod 4-1 is rotationally connected by the first bearing pin 3-1 and the 5th bearing pin 3-5, second couple of transmission rod 4-2 is rotationally connected by the second bearing pin 3-2 and the 6th bearing pin 3-6, the 3rd couple of transmission rod 4-3 is rotationally connected by the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 7th bearing pin 3-7, the 4th couple of transmission rod 4-4 is rotationally connected by the 4th bearing pin 3-4 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8.

Device can be realized testpieces two opposite side are exerted pressure and applied inplane shear power simultaneously, and this device is arranged on tension tester and uses, and also can be used in conjunction with the work of axial tension actuator.On testing machine, lower chuck connects respectively pulling force loading arm, applies pulling force P.According to the relative position of bearing pin, determined to distribute to the power value ratio of two pairs of transmission rods.The other end of transmission rod is crossed over testpieces horizontal center line, connects bearing pin, and pressure changeable is loaded as pulling force and loads, and has improved the stability of charger, has reduced the rigidity requirement of transmission rod, and make power transmission angle and power transmission size clearer and more definite.

Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, the first distribution beam 2-1 of present embodiment and place, the centre position of the second distribution beam 2-2 are respectively provided with a loading arm 1, and this structure, for joint test machine, applies pulling force.Other embodiment is identical with embodiment one.

Embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, has the first chute 7, the first bearing pin 3-1 and the second bearing pin 3-2 on the first distribution beam 2-1 of present embodiment in the interior slip of the first chute 7; On the second distribution beam 2-2, have the second chute 8, the three bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th bearing pin 3-4 in the interior slip of the second chute 8, this structure can arbitrarily regulate the first bearing pin 3-1, the second bearing pin 3-2, the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 and the 4th position of bearing pin 3-4 in distribution beam.Other embodiment is identical with embodiment one.

Principle of work: the principle of bi-directional compression shearing combined loading test device is described in conjunction with Fig. 2-Fig. 4, and testing machine pulling force P, testpieces are placed distance b, short side direction test site length b ', the stressed F of the 5th bearing pin 3-5 at distance a, long side direction test site length a ', short side direction the 5th bearing pin and the 8th bearing pin center at drift angle α (i.e. the angle of the line at the 5th bearing pin 3-5 and the 8th bearing pin 3-8 center and testing machine pulling force P active line), long side direction the 6th bearing pin and the 7th bearing pin center ₁, the stressed F of the 8th bearing pin 3-8 ₁', the stressed F of the 6th bearing pin 3-6 ₂, the stressed F of the 7th bearing pin 3-7 ₂', F ₁pressure component F _1t, F ₂pressure component F _2t, F ₁shear component F _1q, F ₂shear component F _2q, the first bearing pin 3-1 or the 4th bearing pin 3-4 distance C 2 to distance C 1, the second bearing pin 3-2 of pulling force P active line or the 3rd bearing pin 3-3 to pulling force P active line.

This device is placed drift angle α and pulling force P by adjusting testpieces, reaches the big or small function of adjusting plate four limit shearing pressure.Provide derivation below.

From distribution beam dynamic balance: P=F ₁+ F ₂

Two bearing pins are got square and can be obtained: $F_1({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="C"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">C</figure-callout>}}_1+C_2)=F_1(\frac{1}{2}b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+\frac{1}{2}a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})={\mathrm{PC}}_2=\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="P"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}\frac{1}{2}a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}.$

Obtain: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1=P\frac{a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})},$ In like manner, $F_2=P\frac{b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})}.$

By Fig. 4, to F ₁, F ₂be decomposed into along the component of edges of boards with perpendicular to the component of edges of boards, obtain:

$F_{1q}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})}$ With $F_{2q}=F_2\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})},$

$F_{1t}={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="HDA00001848124900011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}}_1\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{a{\cos }^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})}$ With $F_{2t}=F_2\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}=P\frac{b{\sin }^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{(b\sin \mathrm{\&alpha;}+a\cos \mathrm{\&alpha;})}.$

Investigation shear component is found: F _1qb=F _2qa.

Suppose thickness of slab t, along thickness of slab direction shear stress, be uniformly distributed, shear stress

If want τ ₁=τ ₂=τ, needs a ' b=ab ',

From deriving above: 1, plate four limit shearing force winding board central point anomaly weighing apparatuses, plate can not rotate; 2, meeting

condition under, no matter how what kind of angle the length breadth ratio of plate, rotate, always pass to the shearing stress uniformity on plate four limits.

The pressure ratio of cutting of investigating in addition same limit, can obtain:

with

Investigate both sides pressure ratio: $\frac{F_{1t}}{F_{2t}}=\frac{{\cos }^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}{{\sin }^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}}={\cot }^2\mathrm{\&alpha;}.$

Hence one can see that: 1, cut pressure ratio and determined by the placed angle α of plate, if the pressure on given any one side is cut ratio, angle [alpha] has just been determined; If the pressure ratio on 2 given both sides, angle [alpha] has just been determined so.

By conclusions, the step that experimental concrete condition designs satisfactory bi-directional compression shearing combined loading test device is: the length breadth ratio of step 1, confirmed test part

determine thus bearing pin spacing ratio the concrete numerical value of determining a, b also needs to guarantee that pressure evenly spreads to is subject to flanging; Step 2, by the pressure on the inevitable known any one side of test load condition cut than or the pressure ratio on both sides, thus confirmed test part drift angle α and test total pulling force P; Step 3, a, b, α all in definite situation, install the geometric position parameter of whole parts and just can determine.According to total pulling force P, design the sectional dimension of whole parts again.

Claims (1)

1. a bi-directional compression is sheared combined loading test device, it is characterized in that: described device comprises the first distribution beam (2-1) and the second distribution beam (2-2), the first bearing pin (3-1), the second bearing pin (3-2), the 3rd bearing pin (3-3), the 4th bearing pin (3-4), the 5th bearing pin (3-5), the 6th bearing pin (3-6), the 7th bearing pin (3-7), the 8th bearing pin (3-8), four pairs of transmission rods and four pairs of loading clamping plate (5), every pair of transmission rod comprises two transmission rods that be arranged in parallel, four pairs of transmission rods are defined as respectively first pair of transmission rod (4-1), second pair of transmission rod (4-2), the 3rd pair of transmission rod (4-3) and the 4th pair of transmission rod (4-4), the first distribution beam (2-1) and the second distribution beam (2-2) be arranged in parallel, the first distribution beam (2-1) is provided with the first bearing pin (3-1) and the second bearing pin (3-2), the second distribution beam (2-2) is provided with the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 4th bearing pin (3-4), four pairs load clamping plate (5) and test specimen (6) is located between the first distribution beam (2-1) and the second distribution beam (2-2), four limits of test specimen (6) load clamping plate (5) by four pairs and removably connect, on four pairs of loading clamping plate (5), be respectively equipped with the 5th bearing pin (3-5), the 6th bearing pin (3-6), the 7th bearing pin (3-7) and the 8th bearing pin (3-8), first pair of transmission rod (4-1) is rotationally connected by the first bearing pin (3-1) and the 5th bearing pin (3-5), second pair of transmission rod (4-2) is rotationally connected by the second bearing pin (3-2) and the 6th bearing pin (3-6), the 3rd pair of transmission rod (4-3) is rotationally connected by the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 7th bearing pin (3-7), the 4th pair of transmission rod (4-4) is rotationally connected by the 4th bearing pin (3-4) and the 8th bearing pin (3-8), the place, centre position of the first distribution beam (2-1) and the second distribution beam (2-2) is respectively provided with a loading arm (1), in the first distribution beam (2-1), have the first chute (7), the first bearing pin (3-1) and the second bearing pin (3-2) slide in the first chute (7), in the second distribution beam (2-2), have the second chute (8), the 3rd bearing pin (3-3) and the 4th bearing pin (3-4) slide in the second chute (8), the distance a at test specimen long side direction the 6th bearing pin (3-6) and the 7th bearing pin (3-7) center, long side direction test site length a ', distance b, the short side direction test site length b ' at short side direction the 5th bearing pin (3-5) and the 8th bearing pin (3-8) center, meet:

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