CN111999172B - Test fixture, device and method for rivet composite loading test - Google Patents
Test fixture, device and method for rivet composite loading test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999172B CN111999172B CN202010895836.8A CN202010895836A CN111999172B CN 111999172 B CN111999172 B CN 111999172B CN 202010895836 A CN202010895836 A CN 202010895836A CN 111999172 B CN111999172 B CN 111999172B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0026—Combination of several types of applied forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test fixture, a device and a method for a rivet composite loading test, wherein the components of the test fixture comprise: an installation part; a connecting part, a group of rivet holes arranged on the connecting part along the length direction of the connecting part; and a fastening mechanism capable of detachably connecting one end of the mounting portion and one end of the connecting portion. Wherein, the shape and size of the connecting part in the pair of test fixture assemblies are the same, and the positions of the rivet holes arranged on the connecting part are consistent with each other. In the test condition, the two attachment portions of the pair of test clamp assemblies are at least partially superposed on one another to enable a rivet to be tested to pass through selected rivet holes in the two attachment portions, thereby causing the test clamp to assume a central symmetrical "Z" shape. The test fixture, the device and the method for the rivet composite loading test can be conveniently applied to the rivet composite loading test, and the fixture is simple in structure, convenient to manufacture and beneficial to ensuring higher test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measurement test for mechanical properties of a rivet in a tension-shear composite loading state, in particular to a test fixture, a device and a method for a rivet composite loading test.
Background
Under the action of transient impact loads such as bird collision, falling collision and the like, the load of the rivet is not a simple pure pulling or pure shearing state but a complex pulling-shearing composite load state. Due to the variability of the pull-shear composite loading state, it is inconvenient to adjust the pull-shear composite loading state and the composite loading angle to be different when testing the mechanical characteristics of the rivet in the pull-shear composite loading state.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to design a special test fixture for a rivet composite loading test to support a pull-shear composite loading test of a rivet, so that the pull-shear composite loading test of the rivet can be performed in a more efficient manner, and an experimental support is provided for a failure numerical simulation of the rivet.
Therefore, Chinese patent application CN201711320296.5 entitled test device for simultaneously bearing tensile force and shearing force by a multi-angle adjustable sample, Chinese patent application CN201410089814.7 entitled test device for mechanical property of riveted joint and Chinese patent application CN201710155336.9 entitled test fixture for dynamic mechanical property of rivet pulling and shearing coupling respectively provide some test furniture for rivet composite loading test.
However, some existing special test fixtures for rivet composite loading tests, including the above three patent documents, have the following obvious defects: the clamp has complex structure and large mass, and the large inertia load of the clamp can influence the test precision for the rivet with small damage load.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide a new test fixture for a composite load test of rivets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel test fixture, a device and a method for a rivet composite loading test, aiming at overcoming the defects that the existing test fixture for the rivet composite loading test is complex in configuration, is not suitable for testing a rivet with small damage load due to large fixture mass, and the test precision is influenced by large inertia load of the fixture.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a test fixture for a rivet composite loading test, which is characterized by comprising a pair of test fixture components, wherein each test fixture component comprises:
a mounting portion mountable to a test apparatus;
a connecting portion having a first end and a second end opposite the first end along a length direction thereof, and a set of rivet holes opened on the connecting portion between the first end and the second end; and
a fastening mechanism configured to detachably connect one end of the mounting portion and a first end of the connecting portion;
wherein the connecting parts of the pair of test jig assemblies are identical in shape and size, and the rivet holes formed therein are formed at positions identical to each other, and
in a test state, the two installation parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies are opposite to each other, the end faces of the installation parts are parallel to each other, the two connecting parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies are at least partially overlapped with each other, so that a rivet to be tested can pass through a selected rivet hole in the two connecting parts to connect the two connecting parts, the test clamp is enabled to be in a central symmetry Z shape, and the stress points for bearing loading force on the two installation parts and the selected rivet hole are on the same axis.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the angle between the mounting portion and the connecting portion is adjustable within a preset angle range, the preset angle range being 0 ° to 90 °.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the mounting portion and the first end of the connecting portion have the same bolt hole, respectively, and the fastening mechanism includes a bolt and a nut.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mounting portion includes a mounting portion main body and a loading force supporting portion protruding from the mounting portion main body, the connection end of the mounting portion main body and the first end of the connection portion are detachably connected via the fastening mechanism, and the loading force supporting portion is located at the force receiving point on the mounting portion for receiving a loading force.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the position of the hole of the rivet hole is determined according to a plurality of preset composite loading test angles and the following formula (1),
L＝d/cosα (1)，
in formula (1), d is a distance between the first end of the connecting portion and the loading force supporting portion, α is the composite loading test angle, and L is a distance between a position of the opening corresponding to the composite loading test angle and the first end of the connecting portion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multiple composite loading test angles are uniformly distributed within the preset included angle range.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the plurality of composite loading test angles comprises: 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °.
The invention also provides a test device for the rivet composite loading test, which is characterized by comprising the test fixture, and the test device further comprises:
a fixed mounting seat at the bottom thereof, the fixed mounting seat being configured to fixedly support a mounting portion at a lower end of the test fixture, thereby mounting the test fixture;
a movable loading end portion at the top thereof, the movable loading end portion being configured to be pressable against a mounting portion at the upper end of the test jig so as to apply a longitudinal loading force to a rivet to be tested mounted in the test jig via the test jig; and
a loading device configured to drive the movable loading end downward and adjust the magnitude of the downward pressure thereof.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the loading device comprises a hydraulic power device and a hydraulic rod connecting the fixed mounting and the movable loading end and configured to be driven by the hydraulic power device to drive the movable loading end to be pressed downwards.
The invention also provides a test method for the rivet composite loading test, which is characterized in that the test method adopts the test fixture, and the test method comprises the following steps:
determining a composite loading test angle of a rivet to be tested;
selecting a corresponding rivet hole from the series of rivet holes according to the determined composite loading test angle, arranging the pair of test fixture components in a centrosymmetric mode and overlapping the connecting parts, enabling the test fixture to be in a centrosymmetric Z shape, and enabling a rivet to be tested to penetrate through the selected rivet hole on the connecting parts overlapped with each other to fixedly connect the pair of test fixture components;
adjusting the included angle between the mounting parts and the connecting parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies and fixedly connecting the mounting parts and the connecting parts so that the end surfaces of the two mounting parts are parallel to each other, and the stress points for bearing loading force on the two mounting parts and the selected rivet holes are positioned on the same axis;
and applying a loading force to the mounting part, wherein the loading force is perpendicular to the end face of the mounting part, so as to test the mechanical property of the rivet to be tested.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:
the test fixture, the device and the method for the rivet composite loading test can be conveniently applied to the rivet composite loading test, can be conveniently adjusted to different pull-shear composite loading angles for testing in the test, have simple structure and convenient manufacture, and can reduce test errors caused by factors such as inertial load, assembly error and the like brought by the fixture as much as possible, thereby ensuring better test precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a test fixture for a rivet composite loading test according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a test state.
FIG. 2 is another schematic view of a test fixture for a rivet composite loading test according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a test state.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a single joint in a test fixture for a rivet compound loading test according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a force-resolved schematic view of a rivet in a tension-shear composite loaded state in an actual connection structure.
Fig. 5 is an overall schematic view of an experimental setup for a rivet composite loading test according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1: mounting part 2: connecting part
3: the fastening mechanism 4: rivet
11: end surface 12 of mounting portion: load bearing part
21: rivet hole 22: screw hole connecting end
51: fixed mount 52: movable loading end
6: actual connection structure Z: axial line
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and it is intended that all such modifications and equivalents be included within the scope of the present invention.
In the following detailed description, directional terms, such as "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", and the like, are used with reference to the orientation as illustrated in the drawings. Components of embodiments of the present invention can be positioned in a number of different orientations and the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a test fixture for a rivet compound loading test according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of test fixture assemblies.
Each test fixture assembly comprises a mounting portion 1 mountable to a test apparatus, a connecting portion 2 and a fastening mechanism 3. Wherein the connecting part 2 has a first end and a second end opposite to the first end along the length direction thereof, and a set of rivet holes 21 opened on the connecting part 2 between the first end and the second end. The fastening mechanism 3 is configured to be able to detachably connect one end of the mounting portion 1 and the first end of the connecting portion 2.
Wherein, the connecting parts 2 in the pair of test fixture assemblies have the same shape and size, and the opening positions of the rivet holes 21 formed thereon are consistent with each other. And, referring to fig. 1-2, in the test state, the two mounting portions 1 of the pair of test jig assemblies are opposite to each other and the end surfaces 11 of the mounting portions are parallel to each other, the two connecting portions 2 of the pair of test jig assemblies are at least partially overlapped with each other, so that the rivet 4 to be tested can pass through the selected rivet holes 21 on the two connecting portions 2 to connect the two connecting portions 2, thereby the test jig presents a central symmetry "Z" shape, and the force point for bearing the loading force on the two mounting portions 1 and the selected rivet hole 21 are on the same axis Z.
Optionally, an included angle between the mounting portion 1 and the connecting portion 2 is adjustable within a preset included angle range, and the preset included angle range is 0-90 °.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the first end of the connection part 2 may have a bolt hole as the screw hole connection end 22, and one end of the mounting part 1 and the first end of the connection part 2 have the same bolt hole. Accordingly, the fastening mechanism 3 includes a bolt, a nut, and a washer, so that the connecting portion 2 and the mounting portion 1 can be bolted.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mounting portion 1 may include a mounting portion 1 main body and a loading force bearing portion 12 protruding from the mounting portion 1 main body, the connection end of the mounting portion 1 main body and the first end of the connection portion 2 are detachably connected via the fastening mechanism 3, and the loading force bearing portion 12 is located at a force receiving point of the mounting portion 1 for receiving the loading force.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the position of the opening of the rivet hole 21 on the attachment 2 is determined according to a plurality of preset composite loading test angles and the following formula (1),
L＝d/cosα (1)，
in the formula (1), d is a distance between the first end (i.e., the connection end, such as the screw hole connection end 22 shown in fig. 3) of the connection portion 2 and the force bearing point for bearing the loading force on the loading force bearing portion 12 or the mounting portion 1, α is a composite loading test angle, and L is a distance between the position of the opening corresponding to the composite loading test angle and the first end (i.e., the connection end) of the connection portion 2.
The design concept of the above test fixture is further explained below with reference to the schematic diagram of the composite stress decomposition of the rivet in the actual connection structure shown in fig. 4. As shown in fig. 1, two actual connecting structures 6 lying against one another are connected only via rivets 4. When the actual joint structure 6 to which the rivet 4 is joined is subjected to an impact of an external force P, the external force P applied to the rivet at the interface of the joint structure is decomposed into an axial tensile force PTAnd in-plane shear force PSNow, the stress exploded view of the rivet 4 is shown in fig. 4. The expressions of the axial tensile force and the in-plane shear force are respectively shown in the following formula (1) and the following formula (2):
PT＝Pcosα (1)
PS＝Psinα (2)
according to P at different anglesTAnd PSThe failure equation for the rivet can be fitted.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4, it will be appreciated that in the test condition in which the two attachment portions 2 of the pair of test fixture assemblies are at least partially superposed on one another so that the rivet 4 to be tested can be inserted through selected rivet holes 21 in the two attachment portions 2 to connect the two attachment portions 2, the test structure constructed so that if the external force to be applied to the rivet 4 to be tested is in the direction of the central axis Z in fig. 2, the test condition almost completely replicates the condition of the composite external force applied to the rivet 4 in the actual attachment structure shown in fig. 4, and the angles α in fig. 2 and 4 are equivalent to one another. In this test state, however, the external force applied in the direction of the axis Z is easily controlled because the direction of the applied force will be perpendicular to the end surfaces 11 of the two mounting portions parallel and opposite to each other in the overall "Z" configuration.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of composite loading test angles are uniformly distributed within a predetermined included angle range. For example, preferably, the plurality of composite loading test angles includes 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °. The fixture thus designed will be suitable for supporting extremely convenient execution of the composite loading failure test for five cases of composite loading test angles of 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° and 75 °, respectively. It is also obviously convenient if the position of the opening in the connecting part 2 is adjusted according to other series of test angles as required.
There is also provided in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention a test device including a test fixture as above.
Referring to fig. 5, the trial includes a fixed mount 51 at its bottom, a movable loading end 52 at its top, and a movable loading end 52. Wherein the fixed mounting seat 51 is configured to be capable of fixedly supporting the mounting portion 1 at the lower end of the test jig, thereby mounting the test jig. The movable loading end portion 52 is configured to be capable of pressing against the mounting portion 1 at the upper end in the test jig, thereby applying a longitudinal loading force to the rivet 4 to be tested mounted in the test jig via the test jig. The loading device is configured to urge the movable loading end 52 downward and to adjust the amount of downward force thereof.
Preferably, the loading means comprises a hydraulic power unit and a hydraulic rod connecting the fixed mount 51 and the movable loading end 52 and configured to be driven by the hydraulic power unit to force the movable loading end 52 to be depressed.
There is also provided in accordance with some preferred embodiments of the present invention a test method for a composite load test of a rivet, the test method employing a test fixture as above, the test method comprising:
determining a composite loading test angle of the rivet 4 to be tested;
selecting a corresponding rivet hole 21 from a series of rivet holes 21 according to the determined composite loading test angle, arranging the pair of test fixture components in a centrosymmetric manner and overlapping the connecting part 2 so that the test fixture is in a centrosymmetric Z shape, and fixedly connecting the pair of test fixture components by enabling a rivet 4 to be tested to penetrate through the selected rivet hole 21 on the connecting part 2 overlapped with each other;
adjusting the included angle between the mounting part 1 and the connecting part 2 of the pair of test clamp assemblies and fixedly connecting the mounting part 1 and the connecting part 2, so that the end surfaces 11 of the two mounting parts are parallel to each other, and the stress point for bearing the loading force on the two mounting parts 1 and the selected rivet hole 21 are positioned on the same axis;
a loading force directed perpendicular to the end face 11 of its mounting portion is applied to the mounting portion 1 to test the mechanical properties of the rivet 4 to be tested.
If different composite loading test angles need to be tested in the test, the selected rivet holes 21 are changed correspondingly, the same arrangement is carried out according to the method, so that the test fixture can be integrally formed into a central symmetrical Z shape, the test can be carried out again, and the test efficiency is extremely high.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test fixture for a rivet compound loading test, the test fixture comprising a pair of test fixture assemblies, each of the test fixture assemblies comprising:
a mounting portion mountable to a test apparatus;
a connecting portion having a first end and a second end opposite the first end along a length direction thereof, and a set of rivet holes opened on the connecting portion between the first end and the second end; and
a fastening mechanism configured to detachably connect one end of the mounting portion and a first end of the connecting portion;
wherein the connecting parts of the pair of test jig assemblies are identical in shape and size, and the rivet holes formed therein are formed at positions identical to each other, and
in a test state, the two installation parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies are opposite to each other, the end faces of the installation parts are parallel to each other, the two connecting parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies are at least partially overlapped with each other, so that a rivet to be tested can pass through a selected rivet hole in the two connecting parts to connect the two connecting parts, the test clamp is enabled to be in a central symmetry Z shape, and the stress points for bearing loading force on the two installation parts and the selected rivet hole are on the same axis.
2. The test fixture of claim 1, wherein the included angle between the mounting portion and the connecting portion is adjustable within a predetermined included angle range, the predetermined included angle range being 0 ° -90 °.
3. The test fixture of claim 1, wherein one end of the mounting portion and the first end of the connecting portion each have the same bolt hole, and the fastening mechanism includes a bolt and a nut.
4. The test fixture of claim 2, wherein the mounting portion includes a mounting portion main body and a loading force support portion protruding from the mounting portion main body, the connection end of the mounting portion main body and the first end of the connection portion are detachably connected via the fastening mechanism, and the loading force support portion is located at the force receiving point on the mounting portion for receiving a loading force.
5. The test fixture of claim 4, wherein the rivet hole opening position is determined based on a predetermined plurality of composite loading test angles and the following equation (1),
L＝d/cosα (1)，
in formula (1), d is a distance between the first end of the connecting portion and the loading force supporting portion, α is the composite loading test angle, and L is a distance between a position of the opening corresponding to the composite loading test angle and the first end of the connecting portion.
6. The test fixture of claim 5, wherein the plurality of composite loading test angles are evenly distributed within the predetermined included angle.
7. The test fixture of claim 6, wherein the plurality of composite loading test angles comprise 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, and 75 °.
8. A test rig for a composite load test of rivets, characterized in that it comprises a test fixture according to any one of claims 1-7, the test rig further comprising:
a fixed mounting seat at the bottom thereof, the fixed mounting seat being configured to fixedly support a mounting portion at a lower end of the test fixture, thereby mounting the test fixture;
a movable loading end portion at the top thereof, the movable loading end portion being configured to be pressable against a mounting portion at the upper end of the test jig so as to apply a longitudinal loading force to a rivet to be tested mounted in the test jig via the test jig; and
a loading device configured to drive the movable loading end downward and adjust the magnitude of the downward pressure thereof.
9. The test device of claim 8, wherein the loading device comprises a hydraulic power device and a hydraulic rod connecting the fixed mount and the movable loading end and configured to be driven by the hydraulic power device to force the movable loading end to be depressed.
10. A test method for a composite load test of a rivet, characterized in that the test method uses a test fixture according to any one of claims 1-7, the test method comprising:
determining a composite loading test angle of a rivet to be tested;
selecting a corresponding rivet hole from the series of rivet holes according to the determined composite loading test angle, arranging the pair of test fixture components in a centrosymmetric mode and overlapping the connecting parts, enabling the test fixture to be in a centrosymmetric Z shape, and enabling a rivet to be tested to penetrate through the selected rivet hole on the connecting parts overlapped with each other to fixedly connect the pair of test fixture components;
adjusting the included angle between the mounting parts and the connecting parts of the pair of test clamp assemblies and fixedly connecting the mounting parts and the connecting parts so that the end surfaces of the two mounting parts are parallel to each other, and the stress points for bearing loading force on the two mounting parts and the selected rivet holes are positioned on the same axis;
and applying a loading force to the mounting part, wherein the loading force is perpendicular to the end face of the mounting part, so as to test the mechanical property of the rivet to be tested.
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