CN103033418A - Test device capable of evenly applying axial compression load and shearing load - Google Patents
Test device capable of evenly applying axial compression load and shearing load Download PDFInfo
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- CN103033418A CN103033418A CN2012105286167A CN201210528616A CN103033418A CN 103033418 A CN103033418 A CN 103033418A CN 2012105286167 A CN2012105286167 A CN 2012105286167A CN 201210528616 A CN201210528616 A CN 201210528616A CN 103033418 A CN103033418 A CN 103033418A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of strength tests in aviation, and particularly relates to a test device capable of evenly applying an axial compression load and a shearing load. The test device comprises a shearing load applying component 1, an axial compression load applying component 2, a lower platform component 3 and a rib-adding flat plate component 4. According to the technology for independently loading the compression load and the shearing load, adopted by the device, the device not only is suitable for the flat plate, but also is suitable for a rib-adding flat plate. Furthermore, the test debugging of the single axial compression load and the single shearing load under the condition that the rib-adding flat plate is invariable in an installing posture can be realized, so that the reference can be provided for the analysis of the stress state of a lower wall plate under the joint action of the compression load and the shearing load. The device applies shearing force by the self-balance principle of a whole frame and a 'load balancer', so that the shearing force can be evenly applied, the axial rigidity of the rib-adding flat plate can not be enhanced due to an adopted segmental shearing reinforcement block, a compression load applying effect can not be influenced, and a 'side frame effect' can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aviation strength test technical field, particularly relate to a kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression and shear-type load.
Background technology
Dull and stereotyped and reinforced flat plate is typical primary structure member in the structures such as aerospace flight vehicle and surface ship, they mostly are in compression and shear compound stress, stability and intensity that this class formation spare is cut under compound in pressure are very important research topics in the structural mechanics, the stability of reinforcement thin-wall construction under complex load and the research of intensity mostly adopted for contemporary aircraft especially, so be badly in need of in the laboratory, realizing the loading of this combined load, so that stability and the intensity of structural member to design is verified, also can provide foundation for carrying out later on structure optimization and improvement.
Pressed for this class formation spare realization in the past and cut relatively difficulty of compound loading, relatively method commonly used is to adopt the box structure (being called for short " box section ") that combines by structural members such as Material Stiffened Panel and vertical walls to realize, thereby the box section is applied bending load makes upper lower wall panels be subject to " pressure is cut " and " draw and cut " combined load, but the box section manufacturing cost of this method and experimentation cost are all very high, carry out a large amount of tests with costly.
Thereby can carry out widely experimental study to stability and the strength of materials of dull and stereotyped and reinforced flat plate in order to save cost, develop several test units and carried out applying of this " pressure is cut " and " draw and cut " combined load.The patent No. is 89102131 patent disclosure a kind of on the usual pressure testing machine, realize rectangular slab pressed with single axial pressure cut method and the test unit of compound loading, this device is coplanar by axial compression load center and the shear-type load center that the usual pressure testing machine applies, so this device is only applicable to flat board, but for reinforced flat plate, axial compression load center and shear-type load center are not coplanar, and above test unit is then no longer applicable.And there be " frame effect " in " side loading blocks " that above device adopts, so-called " frame effect " refers to that four limits of reinforced flat plate are installing " side loading blocks " afterwards, when bearing axial compression load, " side loading blocks " strengthened the border of testpieces, so that the part of axle pressure is loaded the piece balance, have a strong impact on the loading effect of axial compression load, this in the actual tests " frame effect " is apparent in view.In addition when the ratio of compressive load and shear-type load need to change, then must the removable parts anchor clamps, the test installation specification is very high, installs and uses inconvenience.
The patent No. a kind of tensile-shear compressive-shear complex loading tester that has been 200510038803.7 patent disclosure, this device is similar with above device, also be to realize applying of combined load by the conventional test machine, so when pressing scissor test, be not suitable for equally reinforced flat plate, and there is the frame effect equally in " shear with tension and compression load clamping plate " of adopting in this device, and the embodiment that its pressure is cut loading also is doubt.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the invention provides a kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression load and shear-type load, this device both had been applicable to flat board, was applicable to again reinforced flat plate.
Technical scheme: a kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression load and shear-type load comprises that shear-type load applies assembly 1, axial compression load applies assembly 2, lower platform assembly 3 and reinforced flat plate assembly 4;
Described shear-type load applies assembly 1 and comprises rotatable platform 101, is fixed on left column subassembly 102 and right column subassembly 103, the entablature 104 on the rotatable platform 101 and is fixed on levelling device 105 on the rotatable platform 101 that rotatable platform 101 is connected by large rotating shaft 301 with lower platform subassembly 3; Described left column subassembly 102 and right column subassembly 103 are provided with that quantity equates all carries device 102b, all carries device 102b and forms opposite power transmitting at left column assembly 102 and right column assembly 103; Also be provided with shear actuation cylinder 102g and coupled transverse load sensor 102h on the described left column assembly 102, the rearmounted ears 102i that is hinged with shear actuation cylinder 102g is fixed on the left column 102a, and preposition ears 102j adopts with transverse load sensor 102h and is threaded.
Described axial compression load applies assembly 2 and comprises axial compression pressurized strut 201, the longitudinal loading sensor 202 that is connected with axial compression pressurized strut 201, the spherical indenter 203 that is connected with longitudinal loading sensor 202, spherical groove base 204, spherical cover plate 205 and compressed platform 206, and axial compression load applies assembly 2 and is fixed on the entablature 104 that shear-type load applies assembly 1;
Described lower platform assembly 3 comprises large rotating shaft 301, support monaural 302, supporting platform 303, supports angle-shaped piece 304 and lower platform 305, support monaural 302 and supporting platform 303 all to be fixed on the lower platform 305, support that the effect of angle-shaped piece 304 is that reinforced flat plate assembly 4 is fixed on the supporting platform 303, and transmit shear-type load;
Described reinforced flat plate assembly 4 comprises that reinforced flat plate 401, reinforced sheet 402 are arranged in the right and left of reinforced flat plate 401, leave the gap between the reinforced sheet 402 up and down, load axle 403 and the beneficial homogeneity of transition fit to guarantee that shear-type load is transmitted that adopt of the center pit of reinforced sheet 402, two arm-ties 404 and reinforced flat plate 401 adopts single bolt to be connected, two arm-ties 404 so that the central plane of shear-type load center and reinforced flat plate covering thickness direction be consistent.
Described rear end and the rear ears 102c that all carries device 102b is hinged, rear ears 102c is fixed on left column 102a and the right column 103a, the other end and front ears 102d fix, front ears and culdy 102e are hinged, little rotating shaft 102f is fixed on left column 102a and the right column 103a, and culdy 102e can rotate around little rotating shaft 102f.
Beneficial effect: the invention provides a kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression load and shear-type load.The compressive load that this device adopts is separated the technology of loading so that this device both had been applicable to flat board with shear-type load, be applicable to again reinforced flat plate, and this device can realize the test adjustment of single axial compressive load and single shear-type load in the constant situation of reinforced flat plate Installation posture, thereby can provide reference for the stress state analysis of pressure shearing load synergy lower wall panels.Know that therefrom this device possesses the ability of carrying out separately axial compression test and carrying out separately pure shear test, and easy for installation, settle at one go.The self-equilibrating principle of this application of installation general frame and employing " are all carried device " and are applied shearing, make applying of shearing more even, the loading ratio that needs to adjust vertical pressurized strut and laterally pressurized strut lower of the situation that need not change anchor clamps just can realize any loading of pressing the ratio of cutting, the sectional type that adopts is sheared the axial rigidity that boss can not increase reinforced flat plate, do not affect the effect that applies of compressive load, do not have " frame effect ".
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that shear-type load applies the modular construction synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 left column component internal structural drawing;
Fig. 4 right column component internal structural drawing;
Fig. 5 is that axial compression load applies the modular construction synoptic diagram;
Fig. 6 is lower platform modular construction synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is reinforced flat plate modular construction synoptic diagram;
Fig. 8 is that shear-type load applies assembly stress synoptic diagram;
Fig. 9 is reinforced flat plate stress synoptic diagram;
Figure 10 all carries device stress synoptic diagram;
Figure 11 reinforced flat plate angle of shear distortion synoptic diagram;
Figure 12 is that shear-type load applies assembly rotating manner synoptic diagram;
Figure 13 is compressive load center and shear-type load center synoptic diagram;
Figure 14 is shear-type load center and lower platform center vertical view.
Figure 15 is entablature moving direction synoptic diagram.
Wherein, the 1-shear-type load applies assembly 2-axial compression load and applies assembly 3-lower platform assembly 4-reinforced flat plate assembly 101-rotatable platform 102-left column assembly 102a-left column 102b-and all carry behind the device 102c-the rearmounted ears of the little rotating shaft 102g-of ears 102e-culdy 102f-shear actuation cylinder 102h-transverse load sensor 102i-before the ears 102d-, the large rotating shaft 302-of the spherical cover plate 206-of the preposition ears 103 right column assembly 103a-right column 104-entablature 105-levelling device 201-axial compression pressurized strut 202-longitudinal loading sensor 203-spherical indenter 204-spherical groove base 205-of 102j-compressed platform 301-supports monaural 303-supporting platform, and 304-supports angle-shaped piece 305-lower platform 401-reinforced flat plate 402-reinforced sheet 403-to load the two arm-ties of axle 404-
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done to describe in further detail, see also Fig. 1 to Figure 15.
A kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression load and shear-type load as shown in Figure 1, comprises that shear-type load applies assembly 1, axial compression load applies assembly 2, lower platform assembly 3 and reinforced flat plate assembly 4.
As shown in Figure 2, described shear-type load applies assembly 1 and comprises rotatable platform 101, is fixed on left column subassembly 102 and right column subassembly 103, the entablature 104 on the rotatable platform 101 and is fixed on levelling device 105 on the rotatable platform 101 that rotatable platform 101 is connected by large rotating shaft 301 with lower platform subassembly 3;
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, high-visible for the layout that makes inner structure, hidden the part-structure of left 102a and right column 103a.Described left column subassembly 102 and right column subassembly 103 are provided with that quantity equates all carries device 102b, the rear end and the rear ears 102c that all carry device 102b are hinged, rear ears 102c is fixed on left column 102a and the right column 103a, the other end and front ears 102d fix, front ears 102d and culdy 102e are hinged, little rotating shaft 102f is fixed on the left column 102a/ right column 103a, culdy 102e can rotate around little rotating shaft 102f, all carries device 102b and forms opposite power transmitting at left column assembly 102 and right column assembly 103;
Also be provided with shear actuation cylinder 102g and coupled transverse load sensor 102h on the described left column assembly 102, the rearmounted ears 102i that is hinged with shear actuation cylinder 102g is fixed on the left column 102a, and preposition ears 102j adopts with transverse load sensor 102h and is threaded.
The self-equilibrating principle of having used framework that applies of shearing realizes that such as Fig. 8, shown in Figure 9, shear-type load applies assembly 1 and adopts pin to be connected with reinforced flat plate assembly 4.During loading, the shear actuation cylinder 102g in the left column assembly 102 passes through two arm-ties 404 with tensile force f
1Be applied to the upper end of reinforced flat plate 401, because the effect of power is mutual, shear-type load applies assembly 1 and also is subject to and tensile force f
1The tensile force f of equal and opposite in direction, opposite direction
1 /, shear-type load applies assembly 1 can rotate tensile force f around large rotating shaft 301
1 /The torque that produces makes shear-type load apply assembly 1 and produces the trend of rotating to the right, to contact cooperation between the loading axle 403 in culdy 102e in the left/right columns assemblies 102/103 and the reinforced flat plate assembly 4, shear-type load applies the assembly 1 trend Vee formation lever 102e that rotates and compress to load axle 403, for balance because power F
1 /The torque that produces, left/right columns assemblies 102/103 will be subject to a pair of couple F
2 /Be used for equilibrant F
1 /The torque that produces, by the principle of reaction of power as can be known reinforced flat plate 401 about two limits will be subject to respectively the power F of opposite sign but equal magnitude
2Effect because reinforced flat plate 401 bases are fixed on the lower platform assembly 3, according to the equilibrium of forces principle as can be known, must have and tensile force f
1Equal and opposite in direction, the power of opposite direction is by the base of reinforced flat plate 401.
As shown in Figure 8, shear-type load applies assembly 1 and can rotate around large rotating shaft 301, and center and the reinforced flat plate 401 base centre of shear lines of large rotating shaft 301 coincide.Suppose reinforced flat plate 401 suffered tensile force fs
1The arm of force be L
1, the suffered F of the right and left
2The arm of force be L
2, can obtain following equation: F by the equilibrium principle of moment
1* L
1=F
2* L
2For reinforced flat plate 401, the shearing flow of two sheared edges is F up and down
1/ L
2, about the shearing flow of two sheared edges be F
2/ L
1, can release F according to above equation
1/ L
2=F
2/ L
1, namely the shearing flow of four of reinforced flat plate 401 sheared edges all equates.
Such as Fig. 9, shown in Figure 10, what shear-type load applied is the use of all carrying device 102b on the other hand, in order to make inner structure high-visible, has omitted left column 102a, right column 103a and rotatable platform 101 among Fig. 9.Such as Figure 10, culdy 102e can rotate around little rotating shaft 102f, the vertical direction counter-force that loads axle 403 is converted to all carries device 102a piston rod movement directional pressure, all carrying device 102b is a plurality of parallel connections, all rear oil pockets that all carry device 102b are connected in parallel on respectively on the oil circuit, when producing pressure in the piston rod pressurized oil pocket, effect in parallel is that can to make each all carry behind the device 102b pressure in the oil pocket consistent, each load(ing) point load relative error of all carrying device 102b is reduced, thereby can make applying of shear-type load more even.The side of left column 102a and right column 103a all needs perforate in order to satisfy the requirement of the oil pipe access headspace that all carries device 102b and shear actuation cylinder 102g.
Apply shear-type load and also can initiatively load with all carrying device 102b, principle is with above identical.The screw rod that only the shear actuation cylinder 102g on the left column assembly 102 need to be changed into sufficient intensity gets final product.
As shown in Figure 5, described axial compression load applies assembly 2 and comprises axial compression pressurized strut 201, the longitudinal loading sensor 202 that is connected with axial compression pressurized strut 201, the spherical indenter 203 that is connected with load transducer 202, spherical groove base 204, spherical cover plate 205 and compressed platform 206, and axial compression load applies assembly 2 and is fixed on the entablature 104 that shear-type load applies assembly 1;
The embodiment that applies of axial compression load is seen Fig. 5, the axle pressure that axial compression pressurized strut 201 provides is applied on the spherical groove base 204 with matching by longitudinal loading sensor 3 and spherical indenter 203, spherical groove base 204 is fixed on the compressed platform 206, the centre-point load diffusion that compressed platform 204 will have enough thickness axial compression pressurized strut 201 could be applied is even, acts on the reinforced flat plate 401.
Be a hemispherical groove in the spherical groove base 204, it and spherical indenter 203 have consisted of a spherical pair, have the degree of freedom of three directions.Spherical groove base 204 is supported by four screws on the spherical cover plate 205 with the weight of compressed platform 206, spherical cover plate 205 inside also are part-spherical grooves, in order to guarantee between spherical indenter 203 and spherical cover plate 205 and the spherical groove base 204 close contact and activity freely, its higher machining precision is absolutely necessary, and need to be at the inside of spherical groove base 204 perfusion lubricant grease.
The another one effect of spherical indenter 203 and spherical groove base 204 is to be subject to the effect of shear-type load and when producing angular deformation (seeing Figure 11) when reinforced flat plate 401, shear-type load applies assembly 1 and rotates around large rotating shaft 301, because entablature 104 centers are fixed in axial compression pressurized strut 201, the center of entablature 104 overlaps with center of rotation again, no matter turned how many angles so shear-type load applies assembly 1, center of rotation is pointed at the loading center of axial load P all the time, such as Figure 12.Spherical indenter 203 is sphere-contacts with spherical groove base 204, the pressurized upper surface that pressurized is cut the reinforced flat plate 401 under the combined load state remains horizontal attitude, when reinforced flat plate 401 produces angular deformation, compressed platform 206 will continue to keep horizontal attitude, be not subjected to shear-type load to apply the impact that assembly 1 rotates, spherical indenter 203 will apply assembly 1 with shear-type load and rotate identical angle around large rotating shaft 301 in the lump.
As shown in Figure 6, described lower platform assembly 3 comprises large rotating shaft 301, support monaural 302, supporting platform 303, supports angle-shaped piece 304 and lower platform 305, support monaural 302 and supporting platform 303 all to be fixed on the lower platform 305, support that the effect of angle-shaped piece 304 is that reinforcement rectangular flat assembly 4 is fixed on the supporting platform 303, and transmit shear-type load.
As shown in Figure 7, described reinforcement rectangular flat assembly 4 comprises that reinforcement rectangular flat 401, reinforced sheet 402 are fixed on the right and left of reinforcement rectangular flat 401, load axle 403 and the center pit benefit employing transition fit of reinforced sheet 402, the homogeneity to guarantee that shear-type load is transmitted, two arm-ties 404 adopt single bolt to be connected with the reinforcement rectangular flat, and the design of two arm-ties 404 is answered so that the central plane of shear-type load center and reinforcement rectangular flat covering thickness direction is consistent.
The axial compression load of reinforcement rectangular flat 401 loads the center and presses heart position in covering/length purlin, and shear-type load loads and is centered close to covering thickness direction central plane position, and both are not coplanar, such as Figure 13.
This device overlaps the loading center of the shear actuation cylinder 102g on the left column subassembly 102, the loading center of all carrying device 102b on the left/right upright post composite member 102/103 with the central plane of supporting platform 303, as shown in figure 14.During installation, the covering center of reinforced flat plate is installed in the supporting platform in the heart accurately, must guarantees that shear-type load passes through the covering center.
As previously mentioned, the pressure heart of reinforced flat plate 401 is not with to cut the heart coplanar, after determining to cut heart position, need to axial compression load loading center be adjusted for the difference of reinforced flat plate 401 ribs (also can be described as " long purlin ") height, adjustment realizes by mobile axial compression pressurized strut 201, such as Figure 13, because axial compression pressurized strut 201 is fixed on the entablature 104, entablature 104 is connected on the left/right column 102a/103a, adjust the relative position of entablature 104 and column so can utilize grooved hole on the entablature 104, thereby realize the adjustment at loading center, such as Figure 15.
When containing the test of shear-type load operating mode, need the leveling shear-type load to apply assembly 1, leveling work utilizes levelling device 105 to carry out, shake handwheel on the levelling device 105 and realize that shear-type load applies the positive hour hands of assembly 1 or is rotated counterclockwise, to be adjustedly to horizontality, need to carry out counterweight to left column subassembly 102 and right column subassembly 103, it is equal in weight, spin-up levelling device 105 after the counterweight, making on the transverse load sensor 102h does not have initial load, and shear-type load applies 1 of assembly and is subjected to the support of large rotating shaft 301 and keeps balance.
Because producing the mode of having used axial compression and shear-type load separately to load, this device carries out, therefore this device both can realize applying separately axial compression or shear-type load, can unite again and apply axial compression/shear-type load, adopt reinforced sheet 402 equidistantly arranged apart on reinforced flat plate 401, applying of axial compression load is unaffected, make loading not have the frame effect, can realize pressing arbitrarily the loading of cutting proportional load, be applicable to the reinforced flat plate of any long purlin height.
Claims (2)
1. the test unit that can evenly apply axial compression load and shear-type load is characterized in that, comprises that shear-type load applies assembly [1], axial compression load applies assembly [2], lower platform assembly [3] and reinforced flat plate assembly [4];
Described shear-type load applies assembly [1] and comprises rotatable platform [101], is fixed on left column subassembly [102] and right column subassembly [103], the entablature [104] on the rotatable platform [101] and is fixed on levelling device [105] on the rotatable platform [101] that rotatable platform [101] is connected by large rotating shaft [301] with lower platform subassembly [3]; Described left column subassembly [102] and right column subassembly [103] are provided with that quantity equates all carries device [102b], all carries device [102b] at left column assembly [102] power transmitting opposite with right column assembly [103] formation; Also be provided with shear actuation cylinder [102g] and coupled transverse load sensor [102h] on the described left column assembly [102], the rearmounted ears [102i] that are hinged with shear actuation cylinder [102g] are fixed on the left column [102a], and preposition ears [102j] adopt with transverse load sensor [102h] and are threaded;
Described axial compression load applies assembly [2] and comprises axial compression pressurized strut [201], the longitudinal loading sensor [202] that is connected with axial compression pressurized strut [201], the spherical indenter [203] that is connected with longitudinal loading sensor [202], spherical groove base [204], spherical cover plate [205] and compressed platform [206], and axial compression load applies assembly [2] and is fixed on the entablature [104] that shear-type load applies assembly [1];
Described lower platform assembly [3] comprises large rotating shaft [301], support monaural [302], supporting platform [303], supports angle-shaped piece [304] and lower platform [305], support monaural [302] and supporting platform [303] all to be fixed on the lower platform [305], support that the effect of angle-shaped piece [304] is that reinforced flat plate assembly [4] is fixed on the supporting platform [303], and transmit shear-type load;
Described reinforced flat plate assembly [4] comprises that reinforced flat plate [401], reinforced sheet [402] are arranged in the right and left of reinforced flat plate [401], leave the gap between the reinforced sheet [402] up and down, load axle [403] and the beneficial homogeneity of transition fit to guarantee that shear-type load is transmitted that adopt of the center pit of reinforced sheet [402], two arm-ties [404] and reinforced flat plate [401] adopt single bolt to be connected, two arm-ties [404] so that the central plane of shear-type load center and reinforced flat plate covering thickness direction be consistent.
2. a kind of test unit that can evenly apply axial compression and shear-type load according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described rear end and the rear ears [102c] that all carry device [102b] are hinged, rear ears [102c] are fixed on left column [102a] and the right column [103a], the other end and front ears [102d] are fixing, [102e] is hinged for front ears and culdy, little rotating shaft [102f] is fixed on left column [102a] and the right column [103a], and culdy [102e] can rotate around little rotating shaft [102f].
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