CN104048838A - Multi-dimensional static loading device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-dimensional static loading device. The multi-dimensional static loading device comprises a loading frame, wherein the loading frame is composed of a top cross beam, a movement cross beam, a plurality of frame uprights, a loading platform and a frame base. The loading platform is installed on the frame base. The frame uprights are erected on the base around the outer side of the loading platform. The top cross beam is fixed to the tops of the frame uprights. The movement cross beam is installed between the uprights and can move in the vertical direction of the uprights. The multi-dimensional static loading device further comprises a hydraulic system composed of actuators, an electro-hydraulic servo valve, an energy storage device and a control system. The loading platform is driven by the actuators arranged at the bottom and on the side faces of the loading platform. According to the multi-dimensional static loading device, different multidirectional loads can be exerted on testing parts of different types, the requirements that the testing parts are large in size and the needed loads are large can be met, and the automation degree and universality of the device are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of loading equipemtn, especially a kind of at building engineering field for large-scale sound state loading equipemtn that System for Large-scale Specimen is carried out to dissimilar test.
Background technology
In recent years, along with growing continuously and fast of Chinese national economy, the scale of investment of various construction projects also constantly expands, also more and more higher for the requirement of building trade.Wherein, that much take has appearred in domestic construction engineering field is high, large, special, be newly the engineering construction project of feature, height that the feature that these projects are outstanding shows as structure is more and more higher, span is increasing, moulding is more and more peculiar, system becomes increasingly complex, the intensity of material is more and more higher.Current domestic concrete strength up to 1000MPa, Constructional Steel intensity also up to 590MPa, and external even existing intensity drops into application up to the construction(al)steel of 1000MPa.But the data of these new materials and structure and experience are also incomplete, especially in large project construction process, often do not have proven technique experience to use for reference, the gordian technique in most of design and construction and problem also need to be verified and solved by the method for test.
The problems such as current domestic most large-scale construction engineering structure laboratory ubiquities device loads scarce capacity, control device is backward, detection method is outmoded, testing bed, testing stand load-bearing capacity is inadequate, cannot carry out vast scale, large-size components and structural model test for some large project, more have no way of carrying out the moving slow test of sufficient size members.And if only carry out compared with the component model test of small scale and reduced size exist test findings distortion, with the significant deficiency such as prototype mechanical property is not inconsistent, left unpredicted potential safety hazard to design and the construction of large complicated engineering project.
Be summed up, in building engineering field, existing test loading equipemtn mainly has the following disadvantages at present: 1, load capability wretched insufficiency.Although at present the world and domestic large-scale experiment equipment maximum load ability have reached about 60MN, but still cannot meet the test detection demand of current and following large project.2, loading means are single.At present international and domestic existing large-scale experiment device loads means mainly contain two kinds: (1) can carry out cutting in Uniaxial Compression or plane and presses and test, but three-dimensional character that cannot reaction structure and the dynamic response under geological process; (2) can carry out high speed, three-dimensional loading for specific test specimen (as shock isolating pedestal), but testing machine loading space is very little, cannot test other structural elements.3, most of large-scale experiment loading equipemtn handling test specimen difficulty, length consuming time, cause that loading equipemtn utilization factor is low, test efficiency is low.
Therefore, invent and a kind ofly can apply large load to sample, carry out multidimensional loading, be easy to load and unload test specimen, the large multi-dimensional sound state loading equipemtn that is applicable to different size and force-bearing situation is significant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn, can be widely used in the loading of the different test specimens of building field, different stresses, to overcome the problem that in prior art, device loads ability is low, loading means are single, versatility is poor, test efficiency is low.
A kind of multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn, comprise by head piece, moving beam, upright of frame, weighted platform, the loading frame that base forms, weighted platform is arranged on base, on base, around weighted platform outside, a plurality of upright of frame have been established, upright of frame top is fixed with head piece, the moving beam moving along column vertical direction is installed between column, also comprise by actuator, electrohydraulic servo valve, sensor, accumulator, the hydraulic system of composition of the control system, described weighted platform is driven by the many groups actuator that is placed in its bottom and side, described sensor is power and displacement transducer.
Described actuator comprises that being placed in weighted platform bottom drives it to carry out z to the z moving to actuator, be placed in the sideways x of weighted platform x to actuator and be placed in the sideways y of weighted platform y to actuator, wherein, z is provided with z to sensor in actuator, x is provided with x to sensor in actuator, and y is provided with y to sensor in actuator.
Also be included in the actuator that presses down that keeps weighted platform stable motion in experimentation, press down and in actuator, be provided with depression sensor.
Described head piece, upright of frame, base are fixed to a general frame, and this general frame vertical direction and horizontal direction rigidity are all less than 1/2000.
Between described weighted platform and base, there is dynamic pressure oil film, make friction factor therebetween be not more than 0.0025.
Described z is fixedly connected on weighted platform and at z to motion thereupon to actuator.
Described x is arranged symmetrically in weighted platform x to both sides to actuator.
Described y is to the unidirectional weighted platform y that is arranged in of actuator to a side, and weighted platform y is set to the window for test specimen handling to opposite side.
Described z carries out static loading to actuator and y to actuator to actuator, x.
Described x carries out dynamic load to actuator and y to actuator.
Described z is 6 to actuator quantity, and every maximum load is 22MN, range 250mm; Described x is each 3 of every sides to actuator quantity, and every maximum static lotus is 15MN, and maximum dynamic loading is 1MN, and range is ± 500mm; Described y is 2 to actuator quantity, and every maximum static lotus is 3MN, and range is ± 1500mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) can carry out the heavy load test of full-scale specimen, meet and in building engineering field, test device loads Capability Requirement.(2) device loads mode is various, can complete the test of test specimen complicated applied force situation.(3) can within the scope of certain continuous space, to test specimen, impose restriction.(4) functions of the equipments are various, and automaticity is high, can on same equipment, complete multiple test, greatly improve equipment service efficiency and test efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn front view;
Fig. 2 is multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn left view;
Fig. 3 is multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn vertical view;
Fig. 4 is weighted platform and actuator axonometric drawing;
Fig. 5 is multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn hydraulic schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn control block diagram;
Fig. 7 is that multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn carries out the schematic diagram of axial compression test to huge post;
Fig. 8 is that multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn is pressed the schematic diagram of scissor test to huge post;
Fig. 9 is that multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn is pressed the schematic diagram of scissor test to shear wall;
Figure 10 is that multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn carries out the schematic diagram of plane or space pseudo-static experimental and pseudo to bean column node;
Figure 11 is that multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn is pressed the schematic diagram of scissor test to rubber support;
Reference numeral: 1-oil sources, 3-surplus valve, 4-filtrator, 5-accumulator, 6-z is to electrohydraulic servo valve, 7-z is to actuator, 8-x is to electrohydraulic servo valve, 9-x is to actuator, 10-y is to electrohydraulic servo valve, 11-y is to actuator, 12-lower piezoelectric hydraulic servo, 13-presses down actuator, 14-weighted platform, 15-upright of frame, 16-moving beam, 17-head piece, 18-base, 19-the 2nd z is to actuator, the huge post of 20-, 21-shear wall, 22-beam column, 23-rubber support, 30-control system, 31-z is to sensor, 32-x is to sensor, 33-y is to sensor, 34-depression sensor
embodiment
With reference to figure 1-Fig. 3, loading equipemtn of the present invention is comprised of loading frame and hydraulic system.Wherein, loading frame is steel construction, comprises moving beam 16, base 18, upright of frame 15, weighted platform 14, head piece 17.Weighted platform 14 is arranged on base 18, on this base, around weighted platform outside, has established a plurality of upright of frame 15, and upright of frame 15 tops are fixed with head piece 17, and the moving beam 16 moving along upright of frame vertical direction is installed between upright of frame.
Referring again to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, hydraulic system comprises oil sources 1, surplus valve 2, filtrator 4, accumulator 5, electrohydraulic servo valve, actuator, control system 30 and other hydraulic pressure auxiliary element.Wherein, electrohydraulic servo valve comprises that z is to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, x to electrohydraulic servo valve 8, y to electrohydraulic servo valve 10; Actuator comprises that z is to actuator 7, x to actuator 9, y to actuator 11.In addition, be also equipped with and press down actuator 13 and press down servo-valve 12, to apply z to thrust according to the instruction of control system 30 to weighted platform 14 in process of the test, guarantee the stable motion of weighted platform 14 under each operating mode.
Continuation is with reference to figure 4 and Fig. 5, and according to testing machine functional requirement, the actuator number of all directions is as follows with parameter: at the z of weighted platform 14 to being furnished with z that 6 models are identical to actuator 7, every maximum load 22MN; At the x of weighted platform 14, to both sides, be respectively furnished with x that 3 models are identical to actuator 9, every maximum dynamic load 1MN, static maximum load 1.5MN; At the y of weighted platform 14, to both sides, be respectively furnished with y that 2 models are identical to actuator 11, every static maximum load 3MN; The x of weighted platform 14 to both sides, be respectively furnished with 3 models identical press down actuator 13, every static maximum load 2MN.Z to actuator, x to actuator, y to actuator can be separately individually or simultaneously to weighted platform 14 apply z to, x to y to different acting forces and then realize various stress state.
With reference to figure 6, control system 30 comprises main control computer, servo controller, electrohydraulic servo valve and displacement and pressure transducer etc., and these elements form closed-loop control system.The working pressure of hydraulic system is set by surplus valve 2, and accumulator 5 is for accumulation of energy and absorption pressure pulsation.When testing machine carries out dynamic high frequency test, accumulator 5 provides high-volume hydraulic oil to actuator.Hydraulic oil is through servo-valve, enter z to actuator, x to actuator and y to actuator, drive ram action.The z being arranged in each corresponding actuator feeds back to the displacement recording and force signal in control system to sensor 33 to sensor 32, y to sensor 31, x, control system is through computing, control signal is delivered to corresponding electrohydraulic servo valve, control the action of servo-valve, thereby control the motion of corresponding actuator.
Weighted platform disposes 14 actuator, can realize translation motion and the rotatablely moving around three axles of x, y, z of three directions of x, y, z.Therefore whole system is statically indeterminate.Control system is to 6 command signals of sending of weighted platform, be translation motion and the rotatablely moving around three axles of x, y, z of three directions of x, y, z, 6 deviation signals of command signal and feedback signal are the driving signal of 14 servo-valves through control system decomposition and inversion, drive ram action respectively, the internal force that control system produces each actuator in weighted platform motion process slackens.
Loading of the present invention space and load range are as follows:
Can maximum 2m(x to) 2m(y to) 10m(z to) carry out huge post axial compression test in space and press scissor test.Under actuator effect, when testing machine carries out axial compression test, maximum axial pressure can reach 132MN; During unidirectional pressure scissor test, maximum axial pressure can reach 80MN, and during Bidirectional pressure scissor test, maximum axial force can reach 60MN, and single-direction and dual-direction horizontal shear can reach 6MN, can reach ± 500mm of horizontal bidirectional displacement; Can maximum 1m(x to) * 6m (y to) * 10m(z to) carry out the pressure scissor test of shear wall in space, maximum axial force can reach 60MN, horizontal shear can reach 6MN, can reach ± 500mm of horizontal shift; Can carry out plane or space pseudo-static experimental and the pseudo of bean column node, post axle pressure can reach 80MN, each end of beam can reach ± 2MN of Plumb load ability; The present invention can complete the pressure scissor test of rubber support and the detection of rubber support product test.Rubber support is pressed while subtracting test, maximum axial pressure can reach 60MN, two-way horizontal shearing can reach 6MN, can reach ± 500mm of two-way horizontal displacement, can reach ± 1500mm of unidirectional horizontal shift, can carry out unidirectional 0.5HZ, 6 circulations and 1Hz, 3 are followed the high speed to-and-fro movement that horizontal shift is ± 500mm.
When using multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn of the present invention to test, first test specimen is positioned in the space between moving beam 16 and weighted platform 14, then, height by adjustment moving beam 16 on upright of frame 15, makes test specimen z to both sides, be loaded respectively platform 14 and moving beam 16 closely compresses.Wherein, moving beam 16 can move freely at z in 0.5m-10m space, adjusts it be fixed on the position on upright of frame 15 according to height of specimen.After this, according to required load type, apply the load of different directions respectively by x to actuator 9, y to actuator 11 and z to actuator 7, above-mentioned actuator can be moved simultaneously, also single movement separately.In addition, press down actuator 13 and according to control system instruction, to weighted platform, apply the downward thrust of z in process of the test, guarantee the stable motion of weighted platform under each operating mode.Thus, weighted platform 14 bear z to, x to y to the load of unidirectional or multidirectional combination, and by load applying to the test specimen that is placed on it and is fixed together with it.
When testing machine hydraulic system is worked under different operating modes, all need controller input action command signal, drive ram action, the sensor being arranged in actuator reaches the displacement of mensuration or force signal in controller, and contrast with command signal, with the contrast signal obtaining, control the corresponding servo-valve openings of sizes of actuator, and then control towards actuator hydraulic pressure oil mass to control actuator action.When the power of measuring or displacement signal are decreased to while equating gradually with the difference of command signal, actuator reaches command pose.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, different stress states is elaborated.
Figure 7 shows that loading equipemtn carries out axial compression test schematic diagram to huge post test specimen 20.While carrying out axial compression test, control system 30 is sent command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, makes z to weighted platform 14, apply the acting force that maximum can reach 132MN to actuator 7 simultaneously.Weighted platform z, to bearing 132MN acting force, realizes test specimen axial compression test and loads requirement thus.
Figure 8 shows that loading equipemtn presses and cut curved test schematic diagram huge post test specimen 20.
When carrying out the unidirectional pressure of test specimen while cutting curved test, first control system 30 sends command signal to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, controls z and to weighted platform 14, jointly applies the acting force that maximum can reach 80MN to actuator 7.Corresponding sensor feeds back to controller by power and displacement signal, after servo controller calculates, controller to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6 and x to electrohydraulic servo valve 8, send command signal, to control respectively z, apply the acting force that maximum can reach 80MN to actuator to weighted platform, x applies the load that maximum force can reach 6MN, can reach ± 1500mm of range to actuator 9 to weighted platform.Thus weighted platform bear z to x to combined load, thereby realize test specimen, in z-x plane Unilateral Pressing-bending test, load requirement.Alternatively, controller to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6 and y to electrohydraulic servo valve 10, send command signal, to control respectively z, to actuator to weighted platform, apply the acting force that maximum can reach 80MN, y applies the load that maximum force can reach 6MN, can reach ± 1500mm of range to actuator 11 to weighted platform, thus weighted platform bear z to y to combined load, thereby realize test specimen, in z-y plane Unilateral Pressing-bending test, load requirement.
When carrying out test specimen Bidirectional pressure while cutting curved test, first control system 30 sends command signal to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, control z applies z and can reach the acting force of 60MN to maximum to actuator 7 to weighted platform, corresponding sensor feeds back to controller by power and displacement signal, after servo controller calculates, controller sends command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, keep z to actuator to weighted platform, to apply the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN, simultaneously x applies maximum force to actuator 9 and y and can reach 6MN to actuator 11 to weighted platform, the load of can reach ± 1500mm of range.Thus weighted platform bear z to x to combined load, thereby realize the loading of test specimen Bi--directional Compression--Flexure test.
When carrying out test specimen pure shear test, control system 30 to x to electrohydraulic servo valve 8, y sends individually or simultaneously command signal to electrohydraulic servo valve 10 and controls, and then control x and to actuator 11, to weighted platform, apply the acting force that unidirectional or two-way maximum can reach 6MN to actuator 9, y individually or simultaneously, realize test specimen pure shear test and load.
Carrying out test specimen presses while cutting torsional test, control system 30 is sent command signal and is controlled each z and carry out a series of combination actions to electrohydraulic servo valve 6 after servo controller calculates according to test dictation, thus control z to actuator 7 combine action with realize weighted platform in loading space center position or eccentric position around the pose requirement of z axle, x axle, y axle.Pressure is cut and is turned round under each operating mode z and to actuator 7 to weighted platform, apply altogether maximum and can reach 60MN acting force.Weighted platform bears z to, x to, y to combined load thus, thereby realize test specimen, presses and cuts torsional test and load.
Figure 9 shows that loading equipemtn presses scissor test schematic diagram to shear wall test specimen 21.While testing, first control system 30 sends command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, z progressively applies to weighted platform the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN to actuator 7, after corresponding sensor feeds back to controller by power and displacement signal, through the servo controller of control system 30, calculate backward z again and send command signal to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, keep z to actuator to weighted platform, to apply the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN, to y, to electrohydraulic servo valve, send command signal simultaneously, control y progressively applies maximum force to weighted platform to actuator 11 and can reach 6MN, the load of can reach ± 1500mm of range.Weighted platform z upwards bears the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN thus, and y can reach the acting force of 6MN to bearing maximum, thereby realize test specimen, presses scissor test to load.
Figure 10 shows that loading equipemtn carries out space nodes test schematic diagram to beam column test specimen 22.When test is carried out, first control system 30 sends acting force command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, control z and progressively to weighted platform 14, apply the acting force that maximum can reach 120MN to actuator 7, then, four or eight the 2nd z that are positioned between moving beam and test specimen beam move to actuator 19, and every the 2nd z can apply to actuator the acting force that is not less than 2MN simultaneously up or down.Realizing thus the test of test specimen space nodes loads.
Figure 11 shows that loading equipemtn presses scissor test schematic diagram to rubber support test specimen 23.Sound state loading equipemtn of the present invention can carry out the unidirectional low ram compression scissor test of rubber support, two-way low ram compression scissor test and unidirectional high ram compression scissor test.
When carrying out unidirectional low ram compression scissor test, first control system 30 sends command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, controls z and to weighted platform 14, applies the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN to actuator 7.Then, control system 30 is sent the reciprocating action command signal that frequency is not less than 0.003Hz again to y to electrohydraulic servo valve 10, thereby y applies reciprocating frequence to actuator 11 to weighted platform, be not less than the load that 0.003Hz, maximum force can reach 6MN, can reach ± 1500mm of range.Realizing thus the unidirectional low ram compression scissor test of test specimen loads.
When carrying out two-way low ram compression scissor test, first control system 30 sends command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, controls z and to weighted platform 14, applies the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN to actuator 7.Then, control system 30 is sent frequency again and is not less than 0.003Hz reciprocating action command signal to x to electrohydraulic servo valve 8, thereby x applies reciprocating frequence to actuator 9 to weighted platform simultaneously, be not less than the load that 0.003Hz, horizontal bidirectional maximum force can reach 6MN, can reach ± 500mm of two-way range.This realizes the two-way low ram compression scissor test loading of test specimen thus.
When carrying out unidirectional high ram compression scissor test, first control system 30 sends command signal to z to electrohydraulic servo valve 6, controls z and to actuator 7 to weighted platform, applies the acting force that maximum can reach 60MN.Then, control system 30 is sent 0.5Hz or 1Hz reciprocating action command signal again to x to electrohydraulic servo valve 8, simultaneously accumulator 5 opens to actuator 9, to supplement hydraulic oil to x, thereby makes x to actuator 9 to weighted platform, apply the load that reciprocating frequence 0.5Hz or 1Hz, maximum force can reach 6MN, can reach ± 500mm of range.Completing thus the unidirectional high ram compression scissor test of test specimen loads.
Claims (10)
1. a multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn, comprise by head piece (17), moving beam (16), upright of frame (15), weighted platform (14), the loading frame that base (18) forms, weighted platform is arranged on base, on base, around weighted platform outside, a plurality of upright of frame have been established, upright of frame (15) top is fixed with head piece (17), the moving beam (16) moving along column vertical direction is installed between column, it is characterized in that, also comprise by actuator, electrohydraulic servo valve, sensor, accumulator (5), the hydraulic system that control system (30) forms, described weighted platform is driven by the many groups actuator that is placed in its bottom and side, described sensor is power and displacement transducer.
2. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described actuator comprises that being placed in weighted platform (14) bottom drives it to carry out z to the z moving to actuator (7), be placed in the sideways x of weighted platform x to actuator (9) and be placed in the sideways y of weighted platform y to actuator (11), wherein, z is provided with z to sensor (31) in actuator, x is provided with x to sensor (32) in actuator, and y is provided with y to sensor (33) in actuator.
3. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, be also included in experimentation, keep weighted platform stable motion press down actuator (13), press down and in actuator, be provided with depression sensor (34).
4. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described head piece (17), upright of frame (15), base (18) are fixed to a general frame, and this general frame vertical direction and horizontal direction rigidity are all less than 1/2000.
5. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, between described weighted platform (14) and base (18), has dynamic pressure oil film, makes friction factor therebetween be not more than 0.0025.
6. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described z is fixedly connected on weighted platform (14) and at z to motion thereupon to actuator (7);
Described x is arranged symmetrically in weighted platform (14) x to both sides to actuator (9).
7. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described y is to unidirectional weighted platform (14) y that is arranged in of actuator (11) to a side, and weighted platform y is set to the window for test specimen handling to opposite side.
8. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described z carries out static loading to actuator (9) and y to actuator (11) to actuator (7), x.
9. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described x carries out dynamic load to actuator (9) and y to actuator (11).
10. multidimensional sound state loading equipemtn according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described z is 6 to actuator (7) quantity, and every maximum load is 22MN, range 250mm; Described x is each 3 of every sides to actuator (9) quantity, and every maximum static lotus is 15MN, and maximum dynamic loading is 1MN, and range is ± 500mm; Described y is 2 to actuator (11) quantity, and every maximum static lotus is 3MN, and range is ± 1500mm.
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CN105090142A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-25 | 北京航空航天大学 | Hydraulic loading system |
CN106323776A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-01-11 | 天津航天瑞莱科技有限公司 | Fatigue testing device of damping pad |
CN108426774A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-21 | 南昌大学 | A kind of various dimensions combine loading system automatically |
CN109781506A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-21 | 航天科工防御技术研究试验中心 | A kind of static loading method and device |
CN110361275A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-22 | 东南大学 | A kind of shear wall shock test device and its application method |
CN114636627A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-17 | 西安力创材料检测技术有限公司 | A multi-channel component loading test device |
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