CN115420675B - Dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system - Google Patents
Dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115420675B CN115420675B CN202211367469.XA CN202211367469A CN115420675B CN 115420675 B CN115420675 B CN 115420675B CN 202211367469 A CN202211367469 A CN 202211367469A CN 115420675 B CN115420675 B CN 115420675B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of model tests and discloses a dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system which comprises a counter-force bearing subsystem, a dynamic and static loading subsystem, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem and a high-precision monitoring subsystem. The device can carry out true triaxial model boundary energy storage and dynamic and static loading, instantaneous bidirectional fault activation, multi-parameter data parallel acquisition and real-time fusion through dynamic and static partition, energy storage loading, variable stiffness supporting, bidirectional sliding and monitoring analysis, and realizes efficient real simulation of fault sliding. And equipment support is provided for researching various underground engineering disaster occurrence mechanisms under dynamic and static coupling loads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dynamic and static coupling model tests, in particular to a dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system.
Background
As coal resources are continuously mined to deep portions, the confronting geological structures are complex and diverse, with faults being the most common type of geological structure. In the course of mining, cross-fault or cross-fault mining is often encountered. Under the influence of mining, faults are easily activated, and various disasters are caused. Because the accident that the fault slided and produces has characteristics such as the emergence time is short, destructive power is strong, has seriously restricted the safe high-efficient production in colliery. As an important means for researching deep underground disaster mechanisms and control methods, geomechanical model tests can simulate the occurrence processes of the disasters to obtain the occurrence mechanisms of the disasters, and provide guidance basis for disaster prevention and control. However, the current fault slip type geomechanical model test has the following problems:
1. the slip process of the normal fault and the reverse fault cannot be effectively simulated.
2. The servo control of the ground stress cannot effectively follow the fault slip process.
3. The physical parameters related to the occurrence of slip in the fault cannot be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system, which comprises a counter-force bearing subsystem, a dynamic and static loading subsystem, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem and a high-precision monitoring subsystem, wherein the counter-force bearing subsystem is connected with the dynamic and static loading subsystem;
the counter-force bearing subsystem is divided into a quiet area frame unit, a moving area frame unit and a variable-angle support;
the dynamic and static load loading subsystem comprises a parallel loading device, a balanced loading device, a superposition energy storage device and an instantaneous actuating device;
the quiet area frame unit is positioned on the left side of the integral device, the dynamic area frame unit is positioned on the right side of the integral device, and the quiet area frame unit and the dynamic area frame unit are spliced through a bolt oil cylinder connecting unit;
the quiet zone frame unit is provided with a parallel loading device positioned on the left side of the model body, a balanced loading device positioned on the front side and the rear side of the model body, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem positioned at the bottom of the model body, a superposition energy storage device positioned at the top of the model body and an instantaneous actuating device;
and the parallel loading device positioned on the right side of the model body is arranged on the dynamic region frame unit.
The variable-angle support is composed of a fixed support and a steering support, the fixed support is installed at the bottom of the dynamic area frame unit, and the steering support is installed at the bottom of the static area frame unit.
As a further technical scheme, the variable-rigidity fault activation subsystem consists of a bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, a sliding oil cylinder accelerator and a variable-rigidity supporting unit, wherein the variable-rigidity supporting unit is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, and the sliding oil cylinder accelerator is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder.
As a further technical scheme, the variable-rigidity supporting unit consists of a thruster, a thrust rod, a friction plate and a bearing column, wherein the thruster is connected with the thrust rod, the front section of the thrust rod is glued with an annular friction plate, and the annular friction plate tightly wraps the lower end of the bearing column; the thruster applies thrust through the thrust rod and acts on the bearing column through the friction plate; the lower end of the bearing column is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, and the upper end of the bearing column is connected with the bearing plate.
As a further technical scheme, the high-precision monitoring subsystem consists of a digital displacement monitoring device, a slip energy monitoring device, a support rigidity calculating device and a high-precision stress monitoring device;
the sliding energy monitoring device is arranged on a contact surface between a bearing column of the variable-rigidity supporting unit and the model body, and can monitor the sliding speed and acceleration of the model body and the quality of the model body with sliding;
the supporting rigidity calculation device is arranged on a thrust rod of the variable-rigidity supporting unit, and can calculate the supporting rigidity by monitoring the thrust of the thrust rod and the friction factor of a set friction plate;
the high-precision stress monitoring device comprises an acoustic emission device, a high-precision pressure box and a strain brick made of the same material as the buried rock stratum material; the high-precision pressure box and the strain bricks made of the same materials as the buried rock stratum are buried in corresponding positions in the model body according to a monitoring scheme, the acoustic emission measuring points are buried in the positions in the model body, and the receiving device is arranged outside the device.
The digital displacement monitoring device consists of a grating displacement testing device and a digital displacement capturing device; the grating displacement testing device consists of a grating measuring sheet, a heavy hammer, a lead and a grating ruler, wherein the grating measuring sheet is embedded in the model body and is connected with the grating ruler outside the model body through the lead, and a certain pretension force is applied to the lead through the heavy hammer.
The digital displacement capturing device is arranged in a tunnel or a tunnel arranged on the model body and is arranged along the edge of the tunnel, and the size change in the tunnel or the tunnel is monitored through image capturing.
As a further technical scheme, the device also comprises a variable-angle support, wherein the variable-angle support consists of a fixed support and a steering support, the fixed support is arranged at the bottom of the dynamic area frame unit, and the steering support is arranged at the bottom of the static area frame unit.
As a further technical scheme, loading antifriction devices are further installed at the interfaces of the loading plates of each parallel loading device and each balance loading device, the quiet zone frame unit and the moving zone frame unit.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
the dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system can effectively simulate the sliding process of a normal fault and a reverse fault through dynamic and static subareas and matching with a bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, can reduce boundary friction to the maximum extent through a mechanical friction reduction method, can realize instant compensation of ground stress through the top-superposed energy storage oil cylinder after the fault slides, can realize accurate calculation of fault sliding energy through a variable-stiffness supporting unit matching with a high-precision monitoring device, and provides a guide basis for selection of a supporting component.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention with the front loading unit removed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention with a front loading device added;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention with a base;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention with a base;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the loading antifriction apparatus;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the quiet zone frame of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the dynamic zone frame of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of a model body of the present invention;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are schematic structural diagrams of variable stiffness fault activation subsystems;
in the figure: a quiet zone frame unit, a 2-variable stiffness fault activating subsystem, a 2-1 bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, a 2-2 sliding oil cylinder accelerator, a 2-3 variable stiffness supporting unit, a 3 steering thrust cylinder, 4 main body fixed hinges, 5 superposed energy storage devices, 6 moving zone frame units, 7 right parallel loading devices, 8 model fixed hinges, 9 main body fixed hinges, 10 loading antifriction devices, 10-1 antifriction steel plates, 10-2 transverse steel rolling shafts, 10-3 antifriction steel plates, 10-4 longitudinal steel rolling shafts, 10-5 antifriction steel plates, 11 bolt oil cylinders, 12 thrusters, 13 thrust rods, 14 friction plates, 15 bearing columns, a 16-1 left half part and a 16-2 right half part; 17 balanced loading device and 18 instantaneous actuating device.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
as described in the background art, the present invention provides a dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system to solve the above technical problems.
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system provided in this embodiment includes a reaction force bearing subsystem, a dynamic-static load loading subsystem, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem, and a high-precision monitoring subsystem.
Furthermore, the counter-force bearing subsystem is divided into a quiet area frame unit, a moving area frame unit, a bolt oil cylinder connecting unit, a model body manufacturing and conveying unit and a variable-angle support; when a fault geological structure is simulated, the fault arrangement surface is on the interface of the dynamic region frame unit and the static region frame unit; the static area frame unit and the dynamic area frame unit are designed in a splicing mode and are composed of square modules made of 690D special steel; as shown in fig. 1, the quiet zone frame unit 1 is located on the left side of the whole device, the moving zone frame unit 6 is located on the right side of the whole device, and the quiet zone frame unit 1 and the moving zone frame unit 6 are connected through a bolt oil cylinder 11 connection unit; the model body manufacturing and transmitting unit is connected with the model body reaction frame bottom plate through the conveyor belt, and the model body can be manufactured independently from the main body reaction frame system, wherein the model body reaction frame is composed of the quiet zone frame unit 1 and the moving zone frame unit 6.
Further, the dynamic and static load loading subsystem comprises a parallel loading device 7, a balanced loading device 17, a superposition energy storage device 5 and an instantaneous actuating device 18; the quiet zone frame unit 1 is provided with a parallel loading device 7 positioned on the left side of the model body, a balanced loading device 17 positioned on the front side and the rear side of the model body, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem 2 positioned at the bottom of the model body, a superposition energy storage device 5 positioned at the top of the model body and an instantaneous actuating device 18; and the parallel loading device positioned on the right side of the model body is arranged on the dynamic region frame unit.
The superposition energy storage device 5 is arranged at the top of the model body and is formed by connecting and superposing a plurality of high-stress oil cylinders and energy storage oil cylinders in series, and the main function of the superposition energy storage device is to realize the energy storage function of a loading device and provide high stress and dynamic and static loads in the vertical direction for tests.
The parallel loading device 7 is formed by serially overlapping a plurality of independent full-scale oil cylinders and mainly used for providing high ground stress in the horizontal direction, and the parallel loading device 7 comprises a plurality of groups which are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the sample;
the balanced loading device 17 consists of a high-rigidity integral frame, a cooperative loading unit and a through oil way; the large-rigidity overall frame is internally provided with a plurality of placing grooves for placing the loading units in coordination, the placing grooves can be used as carriers of hydraulic oil, and the placing grooves are communicated with each other through oil ways.
Furthermore, the variable-angle support is composed of a fixed support and a steering support, the fixed support is installed at the bottom of the dynamic area frame unit 6, and the steering support is installed at the bottom of the static area frame unit 1.
Furthermore, the fixed support comprises a model fixed hinge 8 and a main body fixed hinge 9, the model body fixed hinge 8 is directly poured on the lower side of the movable area frame unit 6, and the main body fixed hinge 9 is connected with the outside (the ground) through a flange component; the model fixed hinge 8 and the main body fixed hinge 9 are connected through a rotating component. The steering support is composed of a main body fixing hinge 4 and a steering thrust cylinder 3, a cylinder body of the steering thrust cylinder 3 is connected with the main body fixing hinge 4 through a rotating component, a piston of the steering thrust cylinder 3 is connected with the lower side of the quiet zone frame unit 1, and the main body fixing hinge 4 is connected with the outside (ground) through a flange component; when the steering thrust cylinder 3 extends or contracts, the quiet zone frame unit 1 can be driven.
Furthermore, a loading antifriction device 10 is also installed at the interface of the loading plate of each loading device and the static area frame unit and the dynamic area frame unit, and is used for reducing friction when the loading device is loaded; the loading antifriction device 10 consists of antifriction steel plates 10-1, transverse steel rollers 10-2, antifriction steel plates 10-3, longitudinal steel rollers 10-4 and antifriction steel plates 10-5 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the transverse and longitudinal steel rollers are superposed and combined and are separated by the antifriction steel plates 10-3 positioned in the middle, and organic antifriction coatings are coated on the antifriction steel plates 10-1, the antifriction steel plates 10-3 and the antifriction steel plates 10-5.
Further, the variable-stiffness fault activator device 2 in the embodiment comprises a bidirectional sliding oil cylinder 2-1, a sliding oil cylinder accelerator 2-2 and a variable-stiffness support unit 2-3, wherein the variable-stiffness support unit 2-3 is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder 2-1, and the sliding oil cylinder accelerator 2-2 is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder 2-1.
Furthermore, the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder 2-1 comprises a first sliding bin and a second sliding bin, oil inlets are formed in two sides of the first sliding bin and two sides of the second sliding bin respectively, the oil inlets are connected with the sliding oil cylinder accelerator through high-pressure pipelines, valve bodies are arranged on the high-pressure pipelines, oil supply to different sliding bins is achieved by adjusting valve body switches, and oil films are adopted between the two sliding bins for sealing.
Further, the variable stiffness support unit 2-3 is composed of a thruster 12, a thrust rod 13, a friction plate 14 and a bearing column 15, wherein the thruster 12 is connected with the thrust rod 13, the front section of the thrust rod 13 is glued with the annular friction plate 14, and the annular friction plate 14 tightly wraps the lower end of the bearing column 15; the thruster 12 applies thrust through a thrust rod 13 and acts on a bearing column 15 through a friction plate 14; the friction plates 14 can be adjusted according to the requirement of pre-estimated rigidity, the friction plates with different friction factors are replaced, the lower end of the bearing column 15 is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder 2, the upper end of the bearing column 15 is connected with the bearing plate, and the variable-rigidity supporting unit of the bearing plate for bearing the model body can move according to different supporting forces or integrally move along with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder.
Furthermore, the high-precision monitoring subsystem in the embodiment comprises a digital displacement monitoring device, a slippage energy monitoring device, a support rigidity calculating device and a high-precision stress monitoring device;
the sliding energy monitoring device is arranged on a contact surface between a bearing column 15 of the variable-rigidity supporting unit and the model body, and can monitor the sliding speed and acceleration of the model body and the quality of the model body with sliding;
the supporting rigidity calculation device is arranged on a thrust rod 13 of the variable-rigidity supporting unit, and can calculate the supporting rigidity by monitoring the thrust of the thrust rod and the friction factor of a set friction plate;
the high-precision stress monitoring device comprises an acoustic emission device, a high-precision pressure box and a strain brick made of the same material as the buried rock stratum material; the strain bricks made of the same material as the buried rock stratum material and made of the high-precision pressure box are buried in corresponding positions in the model body according to a monitoring scheme, stress data at stress measuring points are monitored, acoustic emission measuring points are buried in the positions in the model body, a receiving device is arranged outside the device,
the digital displacement monitoring device consists of a grating displacement testing device and a digital displacement capturing device; the grating displacement test device consists of a grating measuring sheet, a heavy hammer, a lead and a grating ruler, wherein the grating measuring sheet is embedded in the model body and is connected with the grating ruler outside the model body through the lead, a certain pretension force is applied to the lead through the heavy hammer, the grating displacement test device measures the displacement at the displacement measuring point in the model body, and the arrangement modes of different grating displacement test devices determine the measurement of the displacement of the measuring point in different directions
The digital displacement capturing device is arranged in a tunnel or a tunnel arranged on the model body and is arranged along the edge of the tunnel, and the size change in the tunnel or the tunnel is monitored through image capturing.
The test method of the test system is as follows:
manufacturing a model body, wherein the model body comprises a left part and a right part, as shown in fig. 8, the left part is 16-1, and the right part is 16-2;
and (3) putting the model body into the device, and adjusting the main body fixing hinge, the model fixing hinge and the thrust steering cylinder to rotate the moving area unit frame and the quiet area unit frame to a preset angle. And applying set stress on the boundary of the model body through the balanced loading device, the parallel loading device and the superposed energy storage device, so that the boundary stress of the model body reaches a preset stress condition.
When a fault slippage type model test is carried out, the supporting rigidity of the variable-rigidity supporting system is adjusted to be maximum. According to the dynamic load loading requirement of the model body, the dynamic load is released through the superposition energy storage device, the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder is started under the action of the dynamic load, and the working direction of the sliding oil cylinder is set according to the sliding requirement. If the dynamic load provided by the superposition energy storage device does not meet the dynamic load requirement, the dynamic load can be supplemented by starting the instantaneous actuating device.
After the sliding oil cylinder slowly starts to work, when the dynamic load energy released by the superposition energy storage device reaches a threshold value, the sliding oil cylinder is instantaneously accelerated by the sliding oil cylinder accelerator, and the model body slides on the interface of the dynamic area frame and the static area frame.
When a dynamic and static coupling supporting effect measurement type model test is carried out, the supporting rigidity of the variable rigidity supporting system is adjusted according to preset requirements, the rigidity sum provided by a unit length internal supporting member in underground engineering is simulated, load types with different sizes and different combinations are provided through the superposition energy storage device, the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder and the parallel loading device, and the fact that the supporting requirements can be met under the set supporting rigidity is judged.
Finally, it is also noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The dynamic and static coupling multifunctional model test system is characterized by comprising a counter-force bearing subsystem, a dynamic and static loading subsystem and a variable stiffness fault activator subsystem;
the counter-force bearing subsystem is divided into a static area frame unit, a dynamic area frame unit and a variable-angle support; the quiet zone frame unit is positioned on the left side of the integral device, the moving zone frame unit is positioned on the right side of the integral device, and the quiet zone frame unit and the moving zone frame unit are spliced through a bolt oil cylinder connecting unit; the variable-angle support consists of a fixed support and a steering support, the fixed support is arranged at the bottom of the dynamic area frame unit, and the steering support is arranged at the bottom of the static area frame unit;
the dynamic and static load loading subsystem comprises a parallel loading device, a balanced loading device, a superposition energy storage device and an instantaneous actuating device; the quiet zone frame unit is provided with a parallel loading device positioned on the left side of the model body, a balanced loading device positioned on the front side and the rear side of the model body, a variable stiffness fault activation subsystem positioned at the bottom of the model body, a superposition energy storage device positioned at the top of the model body and an instantaneous actuation device; a parallel loading device positioned on the right side of the model body is arranged on the dynamic region frame unit;
the variable-rigidity fault activation subsystem consists of a bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, a sliding oil cylinder accelerator and a variable-rigidity support unit, wherein the variable-rigidity support unit is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, and the sliding oil cylinder accelerator is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder; the variable-rigidity supporting unit consists of a thruster, a thrust rod, a friction plate and a bearing column, wherein the thruster is connected with the thrust rod, the front section of the thrust rod is glued to the annular friction plate, and the annular friction plate tightly wraps the lower end of the bearing column; the thruster applies thrust through the thrust rod and acts on the bearing column through the friction plate; the lower end of the bearing column is connected with the bidirectional sliding oil cylinder, and the upper end of the bearing column is connected with the bearing plate;
the model body comprises a left half part and a right half part.
2. The multifunctional model test system for dynamic and static coupling as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a monitoring subsystem, wherein said monitoring subsystem comprises a grating displacement testing device, and said grating displacement testing device is disposed in the model body.
3. The dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring subsystem further comprises a slip energy monitoring device, the slip energy monitoring device is mounted on the contact surface of the bearing column of the variable stiffness supporting unit and the model body, and can monitor the slip speed, the acceleration of the model body and the quality of the model body with slip.
4. The dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring subsystem further comprises a support stiffness calculation device, the support stiffness calculation device is mounted on a thrust rod of the variable stiffness support unit, and can calculate support stiffness by monitoring thrust of the thrust rod and friction factor of a set friction plate.
5. The dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring subsystem further comprises a high-precision stress monitoring device, the high-precision stress monitoring device comprises an acoustic emission device, a high-precision pressure box, and a strain brick made of the same material as the buried rock stratum material; the high-precision pressure box and the strain bricks are embedded at corresponding positions in the model body according to a monitoring scheme, the acoustic emission measuring points are embedded at the positions in the model body, and the receiving device is arranged outside the model body.
6. The dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the monitoring subsystem further comprises a digital displacement capturing device, the digital displacement capturing device is arranged in a tunnel or tunnel provided by the model body and is arranged along the edge of the tunnel, and the size change in the tunnel or tunnel is monitored by image capturing.
7. The dynamic-static coupling multifunctional model test system as claimed in claim 1, wherein loading antifriction devices are further installed at the interfaces of the loading plates of each parallel loading device and the balance loading device with the static area frame unit and the dynamic area frame unit.
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