CN113484163B - Rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multilayer material shearing - Google Patents
Rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multilayer material shearing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multi-layer material shearing comprises a test frame, a horizontal displacement loading device and a vertical displacement loading device which are arranged in the test frame, and an impact disturbance device which is arranged outside the test frame; the vertical displacement loading device is used for placing a plurality of layers of test samples and applying loading force in the vertical direction to the samples; two horizontal displacement loading devices which are adjacent up and down apply horizontal loading forces with opposite directions to corresponding samples through support rods and loading rods on the horizontal displacement loading devices, and axial cavities for the support rods to slide are formed in the side walls of the test frames; the impact rod is arranged in the extending direction of the axial cavity outside the test frame, the impact disturbance device comprises an impact rod and a force application mechanism, the force application mechanism is used for pushing the impact rod to move towards the axial cavity to strike the corresponding support rod, and further disturbance impact force is applied to the sample.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rheological mechanics and dynamics of materials such as rock, concrete and polymer, in particular to a device and a method for testing rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance of multilayer material shearing.
Background
At present, in the process of rock mass excavation engineering, disturbance generated by manual excavation, mechanical excavation, explosive blasting and the like affects long-time stability of surrounding rocks around the rock mass engineering; if the rock mass has bad geological conditions such as faults, joints, cracks and the like, the disturbed peripheral surrounding rock can generate creep dislocation displacement along the tangential direction of the faults, the joints, the cracks and the like in the rock mass can be opened and separated, if the high ground stress can cause the joint rock mass and the crack rock mass to generate accelerated shear creep sliding in the deep rock mass, the excavation disturbance can cause the accelerated shear creep damage to arrive in advance, and all the factors are unfavorable for the construction process of the rock mass engineering and the long-term stability of the later operation of the engineering. Therefore, in order to understand the complex mechanical mechanism of the shear rheological rock mass under the disturbance condition, the rheological shear test under the dynamic disturbance action is needed, but the existing test machine can only perform an impact-creep test or a simple creep test, and the actual engineering rock mass is not only in a creep state but in a creep and stress relaxation comprehensive rheological state, so that the invention of a test device and a test method for rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance capable of shearing the rock is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device and method for multi-layer material shearing, which can solve the problem that a complex mechanical mechanism of a shearing rheological rock mass cannot be tested under a disturbance condition.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following specific scheme:
the rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device for shearing of the multilayer material comprises a test frame, a horizontal displacement loading device and a vertical displacement loading device which are arranged in the test frame, and an impact disturbance device which is arranged outside the test frame; the vertical displacement loading device is used for placing a plurality of layers of test samples and applying loading force in the vertical direction to the samples; the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices is multiple, the horizontal displacement loading devices are arranged between two side walls of the test frame at intervals up and down, each horizontal displacement loading device comprises a loading rod and a supporting rod, a plurality of layers of test samples are positioned between the loading rods and the supporting rods of the corresponding horizontal displacement loading devices, the two upper and lower adjacent horizontal displacement loading devices are used for applying horizontal loading forces with opposite directions to the corresponding samples, axial cavities for the supporting rods to slide are formed in the side walls of the test frame, and the horizontal displacement loading devices are positioned in the extending directions of the axial cavities in the test frame; the number of the impact disturbance devices is consistent with that of the horizontal displacement loading devices, the impact disturbance devices comprise impact rods and force application mechanisms, the impact rods are arranged in the extending direction of the axial cavities outside the test frame, roller supports used for supporting the impact rods are arranged below the impact rods, the diameters of the impact rods are smaller than the inner diameters of the axial cavities, the force application mechanisms are arranged on one sides of the impact rods, opposite to the axial cavities, of the impact rods, and the force application mechanisms are used for pushing the impact rods to move towards the axial cavities to impact corresponding support rods, so that impact force is applied to samples.
Further, the force application mechanism comprises a guide rail and a heavy ball, the guide rail is arc-shaped, the low end of the guide rail corresponds to one end of the impact rod, which is opposite to the axial cavity, the high end of the guide rail is higher than the impact rod, and the guide rail is used for the heavy ball to roll down along the guide rail from the high end of the guide rail to strike the impact rod under the action of gravity.
Further, the lower part of the vertical displacement loading device is a displacement lifting mechanism, the upper part of the displacement lifting mechanism is provided with a sample supporting platform, the upper surface of the sample supporting platform is provided with a first magnetic roller, the lower part of the top plate of the test frame is provided with a second pressure sensor at a position corresponding to the displacement lifting mechanism, the lower part of the second pressure sensor is provided with a rigid backing plate, the lower surface of the rigid backing plate is provided with a second magnetic roller, a space formed by the first magnetic roller and the second magnetic roller is used for placing a multilayer sample for test, and the vertical displacement loading device is provided with a second laser displacement meter for measuring the vertical displacement of the sample; the loading rod on the horizontal displacement loading device is fixedly connected with a creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder at one end far away from the sample, the creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the test frame, the creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder is connected with a parallel energy storage device, and the parallel energy storage device is used for providing power for the horizontal displacement loading device so as to respectively control the loading rod of each horizontal displacement loading device to work, and the horizontal displacement loading device is also provided with a first laser displacement meter for measuring the horizontal displacement of the sample.
Further, the central angle of the arc-shaped guide rail is larger than 0 degrees and smaller than 90 degrees.
Further, the diameter of the heavy ball is 1.5 times the diameter of the impact rod.
Further, each impact rod and the center of the corresponding support rod are on the same horizontal straight line.
Further, the impact rod is provided with an optical fiber grating and an acceleration sensor.
Further, the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices and the number of the impact disturbance devices are three, namely a No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device, a No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device and a No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device in sequence from top to bottom, wherein the No. 1 impact disturbance device is matched with the No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device, the No. 2 impact disturbance device is matched with the No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device, and the No. 3 impact disturbance device is matched with the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device.
Further, the method includes a stress relaxation test of a constant shear stress: firstly, starting each horizontal displacement loading device until loading stress of each horizontal displacement loading device in the horizontal direction reaches a preset value; then, taking the spiral displacement loading mechanism as a displacement lifting mechanism to carry out displacement loading on the sample, and stopping lifting of the spiral displacement loading mechanism after a preset stress value is reached; finally, the industrial personal computer is opened, and Y, X direction stress and displacement data are recorded; also included is a multidirectional shear creep test: firstly, carrying out displacement loading on a sample through a spiral displacement loading mechanism to reach a preset stress value; then, one or more horizontal displacement loading devices are started according to test requirements, after the preset shearing stress is reached, the stability of the shearing stress is ensured through the started horizontal displacement loading devices, the industrial personal computer is started, and the Y, X direction stress and displacement data are recorded; finally, the impact disturbance device is selected according to the test condition, so that the impact disturbance device passes through the axial cavity on the side wall of the test frame to strike the corresponding horizontal displacement loading device, and the direction stress and displacement data of Y, X are recorded through the industrial personal computer during impact disturbance.
Further, the stress relaxation test of the constant shear stress comprises the following operation steps:
1) Placing the sample on a first magnetic roller of a supporting platform, lifting the sample supporting platform and the sample by taking a spiral displacement loading mechanism as a displacement lifting mechanism, so that the upper surface of the uppermost sample is contacted with a second magnetic roller, the second pressure sensor is tightly attached to a rigid backing plate in the vertical direction, and the horizontal center of each layer of sample is in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod;
2) Starting each horizontal displacement loading device to enable loading rods on each horizontal displacement loading device to horizontally contact with corresponding samples;
3) The stress relaxation test of the constant shear stress is carried out, each horizontal displacement loading device is started until the loading stress of each horizontal displacement loading device in the horizontal direction reaches a preset value, a spiral displacement loading mechanism is started to carry out displacement loading on a sample, the spiral displacement loading mechanism is stopped from lifting after the preset stress value is reached, an industrial personal computer is started, and Y, X-direction stress and displacement data are recorded;
the multidirectional shear creep test comprises the following operation steps:
1) Placing the sample on a first magnetic roller of a supporting platform, lifting the sample supporting platform and the sample by taking a spiral displacement loading mechanism as a displacement lifting mechanism, so that the upper surface of the uppermost sample is contacted with a second magnetic roller, the second pressure sensor is tightly attached to a rigid backing plate in the vertical direction, and the horizontal center of each layer of sample is in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod;
2) Starting each horizontal displacement loading device to enable loading rods on each horizontal displacement loading device to horizontally contact with corresponding samples;
3) The method comprises the steps of (1) testing multidirectional shear creep, opening a motor, and enabling a spiral displacement loading mechanism to carry out displacement loading on a sample to reach a preset stress value;
4) Starting a No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device, opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling the parallel energy storage device to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
5) Unidirectional impact: placing the heavy ball on the No. 2 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball, so that the heavy ball impacts a corresponding impact rod along a guide rail on the No. 2 impact disturbance device, and then the impact rod horizontally impacts a supporting rod on the No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device, and the supporting rod impacts a shear sample along the direction; multidirectional impact: respectively placing heavy balls on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device at a preset height, and simultaneously or sequentially loosening the heavy balls, so that the heavy balls on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device respectively impact corresponding impact rods along guide rails on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device, the impact rods respectively impact supporting rods of the corresponding No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device and the supporting rods of the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device, and then performing multidirectional impact shearing on a sample along the directions;
6) Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a horizontal displacement loading device No. 1 and a horizontal displacement loading device No. 3, opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling the parallel energy storage device to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
7) Placing the heavy ball on the No. 1 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball, so that the heavy ball impacts a corresponding impact rod along a guide rail on the No. 1 impact disturbance device, and then the impact rod horizontally impacts a support rod of the No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device, and then impact and shear the sample along the direction;
8) Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device, opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling the parallel energy storage device to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
9) Placing the heavy ball on the No. 3 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball, so that the heavy ball impacts a corresponding impact rod along a guide rail on the No. 3 impact disturbance device, and then the impact rod horizontally impacts a support rod of the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device, and then impact and shear the sample along the direction;
10 Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device, opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling the parallel energy storage device to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
11 The heavy balls on the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device are respectively placed at a preset height, and the heavy balls are loosened, so that the heavy balls respectively impact corresponding impact rods along guide rails on the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device, the impact rods respectively impact corresponding support rods of the No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device and the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device, and then the two heavy balls impact the shear test sample along all directions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the multi-layer shearing rheological relaxation coupling test system not only can realize unidirectional conventional shearing, bidirectional conventional shearing, simultaneous loading and separate loading of three-dimensional conventional shearing, unidirectional long-time creep shearing, bidirectional creep shearing, simultaneous loading and separate loading of three-dimensional creep shearing under normal stress relaxation conditions, but also can realize unidirectional shear disturbance destabilization research, bidirectional shear disturbance destabilization research and bidirectional shear disturbance destabilization research test of rock under normal stress relaxation conditions; 2. the four-axis creep and stress relaxation synchronous loading can be realized, the coupling shear control of the four-axis bidirectional creep displacement load and the stress relaxation load is realized, and the influence of impact disturbance on the shear slip of the creep relaxation coupled state rock is studied by utilizing the transverse shear stress wave disturbance generated by the impact of an iron ball on an impact rod.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal displacement loading device according to the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. the test device comprises a test frame, 2, a second pressure sensor, 3, a rigid base plate, 4, a second magnetic roller, 5, 1, 6, 2, 7, 3, 8, a first magnetic roller, 9, a sample supporting platform, 10, a spiral displacement loading mechanism, 11, a creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder, 12, a first laser displacement meter, 13, a loading rod, 14, a first laser baffle, 15, a first pressure sensor, 16, a supporting rod, 17, a second laser displacement meter, 18, a second laser baffle, 19, a parallel energy storage device, 20, a hydraulic meter, 21, an oil pipe, 22, an axial cavity, 23, an impact rod, 24, a roller support, 25, a heavy ball, 26, a guide rail, 27, a bracket, 28 and a fixed base.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device for shearing of the multi-layer material comprises a test frame 1, a horizontal displacement loading device and a vertical displacement loading device which are arranged inside the test frame 1, and an impact disturbance device which is arranged outside the test frame 1.
The vertical direction is set as the Y direction, the horizontal direction is the X direction, the vertical displacement loading device is taken as the Y axis, the right side of the vertical displacement loading device is taken as the X+ direction, the left side of the vertical displacement loading device is taken as the X-direction, and the loading direction of the vertical displacement loading device is taken as the Y+ direction.
The test frame 11 is a rectangular frame consisting of two side walls, an upper rigid baffle and lower rigid frame columns, wherein the right side wall is an X+ loading frame plate, the left side wall is an X-loading frame plate, and the number of the lower rigid frame columns is two and is arranged between the left side wall and the right side wall in parallel.
The lower part of the vertical displacement loading device is a displacement lifting mechanism, the displacement lifting mechanism is a spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, the base of the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10 is fixed on the ground and is positioned at a gap formed between two rigid frame columns, a sample supporting platform 9 is arranged on the upper part of the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, and the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10 is driven to work through a motor, so that the sample supporting platform 9 is controlled to move in the Y+ direction. The upper surface of sample supporting platform 9 is carved with the accurate location that polar coordinate system was used for the sample, and the upper surface of sample supporting platform 9 still is provided with first magnetism roller bearing 8, and first magnetism roller bearing 8 can roll along the direction of sample horizontal displacement at the upper surface of sample supporting platform 9. The lower surface of the rigid baffle plate at the upper part of the test frame 1 is provided with a second pressure sensor 2 at a position corresponding to the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, the lower part of the second pressure sensor 2 is provided with a rigid base plate 3, the lower surface of the rigid base plate 3 is adsorbed with a second magnetic roller 4, and the second magnetic roller 4 can roll on the rigid base plate 3 along the horizontal displacement direction of the sample. The space formed by the first magnetic roller 8 and the second magnetic roller 4 is used for placing a plurality of layers of test samples.
The vertical displacement loading device is provided with a second laser displacement meter 17 and a second laser baffle 18, wherein the second laser displacement meter 17 is used for measuring the vertical displacement of the sample, the second laser displacement meter 17 is arranged at the bottom of the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, and the second laser baffle 18 is arranged on the lower surface of the sample supporting platform 9. The screw displacement loading mechanism 10 is used for applying a relaxation displacement load to the sample, and the second pressure sensor 2 and the second laser displacement meter 17 are used for transmitting the vertical stress and displacement signals of the sample to the industrial personal computer in the relaxation loading process.
The horizontal displacement loading devices are arranged between the X+ loading frame plate and the X-loading frame plate of the test frame 1 at intervals up and down, the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices is three, each horizontal displacement loading device is a single-shaft creep hydraulic loading system in the shearing X direction, and four-shaft creep and stress relaxation synchronous loading can be realized by the single-shaft creep hydraulic loading systems in the three horizontal directions and the displacement loading devices in the vertical directions. The horizontal displacement loading devices are a No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device 5, a No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device 6 and a No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device 7 in sequence from top to bottom, two upper and lower adjacent horizontal displacement loading devices are used for applying horizontal loading forces with opposite directions to respective corresponding samples, each horizontal displacement loading device comprises a loading rod 13 and a supporting rod 16, and the distance between the supporting rods 16 of the two upper and lower adjacent horizontal displacement loading devices is 0.2 times of the diameter of the supporting rod 16. The multilayer sample of test is located between the loading rod 13 and the bracing piece 16 of the corresponding horizontal displacement loading device, is provided with the axial cavity 22 that is used for supplying bracing piece 16 to slide on the lateral wall of test frame 1, and axial cavity 22 runs through and sets up on the lateral wall of test frame 1, and bracing piece 16 can be 5% -10% of bracing piece 16 length at axial cavity 22 movable range, and the cavity diameter can be 1.2-1.5 times of bracing piece 16 diameter.
The number of the impact disturbance devices is consistent with that of the horizontal displacement loading devices, the impact disturbance devices comprise impact rods 23, guide rails 26 and heavy balls 25, the heavy balls 25 are iron balls, the impact rods 23 are arranged outside the test frame 1 and are located in the extending direction of the axial cavity 22, and each impact rod 23 is on the same axis with the centers of the corresponding support rod 16 and loading rod 13. The impact rod 23 is provided with a fiber grating and an acceleration sensor (not shown in the figure), a roller support 24 for supporting the impact rod 23 is arranged below the impact rod 23, a roller for sliding the impact rod 23 is arranged on the roller support 24, the roller support 24 is welded on a fixed base 28, and the fixed base 28 is anchored on the ground. The diameter of the impact rod 23 is smaller than the inner diameter of the axial cavity 22, the guide rail 26 comprises an arc section with a central angle larger than 0 DEG and smaller than 90 DEG, one end of the impact rod 23 opposite to the axial cavity 22 corresponds to the lower end of the guide rail 26, the axial center of one end of the impact rod 23 corresponding to the guide rail 26 is provided with a groove, the lower end of the guide rail 26 is in clearance fit with the groove, the high end of the guide rail 26 is higher than the impact rod 23, the guide rail 26 is used for allowing iron balls to roll down along the guide rail 26 under the action of gravity to impact the impact rod 23, and then the impact rod 23 impacts the corresponding support rod 16 to apply impact force to a sample. A bracket 27 for supporting the guide rail 26 is welded below the guide rail 26, and the bracket 27 is an iron frame. In addition, the guide rail may be a slope or the shape of the guide rail as long as the starting position of the heavy ball is higher than the impact rod.
Specifically, the No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device 5 comprises an X+ direction No. 1 supporting rod 16 and an X-direction No. 1 loading rod 13; an X-direction 1 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the sample, of the X-direction 1 loading rod 13, the X-direction 1 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged on an X-direction loading frame plate, an X-direction 1 first laser displacement meter 12 for measuring horizontal displacement of the sample is further arranged on the X-direction 1 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11, and an X-direction 1 first laser baffle 14 matched with the X-direction 1 first laser displacement meter 12 is arranged at the tail end of the X-direction 1 loading rod 13; the X+ is to the first pressure sensor 15 of 1 number of X+ being close to the one end of sample to 1 number of bracing piece 16, X+ is to the X+ that the sample was kept away from to 1 number of bracing piece 16 to 1 number of axial cavity 22 that sets up on experimental frame 1 in, be provided with X+ to 1 number of impact rod 23 in the outside X+ of experimental frame 1 to the extending direction of 1 number of axial cavity 22, X+ is to 1 number of impact rod 23 below interval setting up two X+ to 1 number of roller support 24, X+ is to 1 number of impact rod 23 and is opposite to X+ to 1 number of axial center department of one end of axial cavity 22 of 1 number of seting up fluting, X+ is to the low end and the recess clearance fit of 1 number of guide rail 26, X+ is used for supplying the iron ball to roll down impact X+ to 1 number of impact rod 23 along X+ to 1 number of guide rail 26 under the effect of gravity from X+ to 1 number of guide rail 26, and then by X+ to 1 number of impact rod 23 impact corresponding X+ to 1 number of bracing piece 16 in order to exert the impact force to the sample. The change in displacement and creep stress of the sample in the horizontal direction for a long time were recorded by the X-direction No. 1 first laser displacement meter 12 and the x+ direction No. 1 first pressure sensor 15.
Likewise, the No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device 6 comprises an X-direction No. 2 supporting rod 16 and an X+direction No. 2 loading rod 13; an X+ direction No. 2 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the sample, of the X+ direction No. 2 loading rod 13, the X+ direction No. 2 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged on an X+ direction loading frame plate, an X+ direction No. 2 first laser displacement meter 12 for measuring horizontal displacement of the sample is further arranged on the X+ direction No. 2 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11, and an X+ direction No. 2 first laser baffle 14 matched with the X+ direction No. 2 first laser displacement meter 12 is arranged at the tail end of the X+ direction No. 2 loading rod 13; the X-direction 2 support rod 16 is provided with an X-direction 2 first pressure sensor 15 at one end close to the sample, one end, far away from the sample, of the X-direction 2 support rod 16 is arranged in an X-direction 2 axial cavity 22 formed in the test frame 1 in a sliding manner, an X-direction 2 impact rod 23 is arranged on the outer part of the test frame 1 in the extending direction of the X-direction 2 axial cavity 22, two X-direction 2 roller supports 24 are arranged below the X-direction 2 impact rod 23 at intervals, a groove is formed in the axial center of the X-direction 2 impact rod 23 opposite to one end of the X-direction 2 axial cavity 22, the lower end of the X-direction 2 guide rail 26 is in clearance fit with the groove, the X-direction 2 guide rail 26 is used for enabling an iron ball to roll down along the X-direction 2 guide rail 26 from the high end of the X-direction 2 guide rail 26 under the action of gravity to impact the X-direction 2 impact rod 23, and the corresponding X-direction 2 support rod 16 is impacted by the X-direction 2 impact rod 23 to apply impact force to the sample; the change in displacement and creep stress of the sample in the horizontal direction for a long time were recorded by the X-direction No. 2 first laser displacement meter 12 and the X-direction No. 2 first pressure sensor 15.
Likewise, the horizontal displacement loading device No. 3 7 comprises an X+direction No. 3 supporting rod 16 and an X-direction No. 3 loading rod 13; an X-direction 3 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the sample, of the X-direction 3 loading rod 13, the X-direction 3 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 is fixedly arranged on an X-direction loading frame plate, an X-direction 3 first laser displacement meter 12 for measuring horizontal displacement of the sample is further arranged on the X-direction 3 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11, and an X-direction 3 first laser baffle 14 matched with the X-direction 3 first laser displacement meter 12 is arranged at the tail end of the X-direction 3 loading rod 13; the X+ is to the first pressure sensor 15 of X+ No. 3 to the one end that is close to the sample of No. 3 bracing piece 16, X+ is to the X+ that the sample was kept away from to No. 3 bracing piece 16 slide the setting in test frame 1 and is seted up in the X+ No. 3 axial cavity 22, be provided with X+ to No. 3 impact rod 23 in the outside X+ of test frame 1 to the extending direction of No. 3 axial cavity 22, X+ is provided with two X+ to No. 3 roller support 24 to the below interval of No. 3 impact rod 23, X+ is opposite to X+ to No. 3 axial cavity 22 axial center department of one end of No. 3 impact rod 23 and is seted up flutedly, the low end and the recess clearance fit of X+ to No. 3 guide rail 26, X+ is used for supplying the iron ball to roll down impact X+ to No. 3 guide rail 26 from X+ to No. 3 guide rail 26 under the effect of gravity, and then impact corresponding X+ is to No. 3 bracing piece 16 by X+ to No. 3 impact rod 23 impact. The change in displacement and creep stress of the sample in the horizontal direction for a long time were recorded by the X-direction No. 3 first laser displacement meter 12 and the x+ direction No. 3 first pressure sensor 15.
The creep hydraulic loading oil cylinders 11 are connected with parallel energy storage devices 19 through oil pipes 21, the parallel energy storage devices 19 are formed by connecting three energy storages in parallel, and each energy storage device respectively supplies oil to the corresponding creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11 through the oil pipe 21 so as to provide power for the horizontal displacement loading device and control loading rods 13 connected to the corresponding creep hydraulic loading oil cylinders 11 to work.
Further, the first magnetic roller 8 and the second magnetic roller 4 may be set to different diameters, and adjusted according to the condition of the sample at the time of the actual test.
A method of a rheological relaxation coupled impact disturbance testing device for multi-layer material shearing, the method comprising a stress relaxation test of constant shear stress and a multidirectional shear creep test;
the operation of the stress relaxation test for constant shear stress is as follows:
1) Placing the three layers of test samples on a first magnetic roller 8 of a supporting platform, correcting the central position of the samples according to a polar coordinate system carved on the surface of the supporting platform, turning on a motor, lifting the supporting platform and the samples by a spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, enabling the upper surface of the uppermost layer of samples to be in contact with a second magnetic roller 4, tightly attaching a second pressure sensor 2 to a rigid backing plate 3 in the vertical direction, and enabling the horizontal center of each layer of samples to be in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod 13;
2) Closing an oil pipe 21, opening a advection pump to convey oil to a parallel energy storage device 19, observing a hydraulic meter 20, closing the advection pump when the reading value in the meter reaches a preset value, opening the oil pipe 21 to convey oil to an X+direction No. 2 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 1 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 3 creep hydraulic loading cylinder 11 until the X+direction No. 2 loading rod 13, the X-direction No. 1 loading rod 13 and the X-direction No. 3 loading rod 13 horizontally contact with a sample, closing the oil pipe 21, observing and adjusting the X-direction No. 2 supporting rod 16, the X+direction No. 1 supporting rod 16 and the X+direction No. 3 supporting rod 16 so that the X+direction No. 2 loading rod 13 and the X-direction No. 2 supporting rod 16 are on the same horizontal straight line, and the X-direction No. 1 loading rod 13 and the X+direction No. 1 supporting rod 16 are on the same horizontal straight line;
3) And (3) opening an oil pipe 21, conveying oil to an X+ No. 2 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, conveying oil to an X-No. 1 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, conveying oil to an X-No. 3 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11 until each X horizontal loading stress reaches the same preset value (or each X horizontal loading stress reaches different preset values), opening a motor, enabling a spiral displacement loading mechanism 10 to vertically displace and load a sample, stopping lifting the spiral displacement loading mechanism after reaching a preset pressure value, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data.
The operation steps of the multidirectional shear creep test are as follows:
1) Placing the three layers of test samples on a first magnetic roller 8 of a supporting platform, correcting the central position of the samples according to a polar coordinate system carved on the surface of the supporting platform, turning on a motor, lifting the supporting platform and the samples by a spiral displacement loading mechanism 10, enabling the upper surface of the uppermost layer of samples to be in contact with a second magnetic roller 4, tightly attaching a second pressure sensor 2 to a rigid backing plate 3 in the vertical direction, and enabling the horizontal center of each layer of samples to be in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod 13;
2) The motor is turned on, so that the spiral displacement loading mechanism 10 carries out vertical displacement loading on the sample to reach a preset pressure value;
3) Opening an oil pipe 21, conveying oil to an X+direction No. 2 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, opening a advection pump after a preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device 19 to start long-time pressure compensation work to ensure stability of the shearing stress, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
4) Unidirectional impact: placing the iron ball of the No. 2 impact disturbance device at a preset height, adjusting the horizontal position of the No. 2 impact rod 23, loosening the iron ball, enabling the iron ball to impact the No. 2 impact rod 23 along the No. 2X-direction guide rail 26, enabling the No. 2 impact rod 23 to impact the No. 2X-direction support rod 16 horizontally, and enabling the sample to be impacted and sheared along the direction. Multidirectional impact: the iron ball of the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device are respectively placed at preset heights, the horizontal positions of the X+ impact rod No. 1 23 and the X+ impact rod No. 3 are adjusted, meanwhile, the iron ball of the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device are loosened (or are loosened in sequence, a time interval exists in the middle of the time interval), the iron ball of the No. 1 impact disturbance device impacts the X+ impact rod No. 1 along the X+ impact rail 26, the X+ impact rod No. 1 horizontally impacts the X+ impact rod No. 1 support rod 16, the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device impacts the X+ impact rod No. 3 along the X+ impact rod No. 3 guide rail 26, the X+ impact rod No. 3 impact rod 23 horizontally impacts the X+ impact rod No. 3 support rod 16, and then the multidirectional impact shear samples are carried out along the directions.
5) Repeating the steps 1) -2), opening an oil pipe 21, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 1 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 3 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, opening a advection pump after a preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device 19 to start long-time pressure compensation work to ensure stability of the shearing stress, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
6) Placing the iron ball of the No. 1 impact disturbance device at a preset height, adjusting the horizontal position of the X+ impact rod No. 1, loosening the iron ball of the No. 1 impact disturbance device, enabling the iron ball to impact the X+ impact rod No. 1 along the X+ impact rod No. 1 guide rail 26, further enabling the X+ impact rod No. 1 impact rod 23 to impact the X+ impact rod No. 1 support rod 16 horizontally, and further enabling the iron ball to impact the shear sample along the direction.
7) Repeating the steps 1) -2), opening an oil pipe 21, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 1 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, opening a advection pump after a preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device 19 to start long-time pressure compensation work to ensure stability of the shearing stress, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
8) Placing the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device at a preset height, adjusting the horizontal position of the X+ direction No. 3 impact rod 23, and loosening the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device, so that the iron ball impacts the X+ direction No. 3 impact rod 23 along the X+ direction No. 3 guide rail 26, and the X+ direction No. 3 impact rod 23 horizontally impacts the X+ direction No. 3 support rod 16, and then impact the shear sample along the direction.
9) Repeating the steps 1) -2), opening an oil pipe 21, conveying oil to an X-direction No. 3 creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder 11, opening a advection pump after a preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device 19 to start long-time pressure compensation work to ensure stability of the shearing stress, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
10 Placing the iron ball of the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device at preset heights, respectively adjusting the horizontal positions of the No. 2 impact rod 23 and the X+ impact rod 23, loosening the iron ball of the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device, so that the iron ball of the No. 2 impact disturbance device impacts the No. 2 impact rod 23 along the X-direction 2 guide rail 26, and then the X-direction 2 impact rod 23 horizontally impacts the X-direction 2 support rod 16; so that the iron ball of the No. 3 impact disturbance device impacts the impact rod 23 along the X+ direction No. 3 guide rail 26, the X+ direction No. 3 impact rod 23 horizontally impacts the X+ direction No. 3 support rod 16, and then the two iron balls impact the shear sample along all directions.
The invention not only can realize unidirectional conventional shearing, bidirectional conventional shearing, simultaneous loading and separate loading of three-way conventional shearing, unidirectional long-time creep shearing, bidirectional creep shearing, simultaneous loading and separate loading of three-way creep shearing under normal stress relaxation conditions, but also can realize unidirectional shear disturbance instability research of rock, bidirectional shear disturbance instability research, unidirectional shear disturbance instability research of rock under normal stress relaxation conditions and bidirectional shear disturbance instability research test.
Claims (10)
1. The rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device for multi-layer material shearing is characterized by comprising a test frame (1), a horizontal displacement loading device and a vertical displacement loading device which are arranged inside the test frame (1), and an impact disturbance device which is arranged outside the test frame (1);
the vertical displacement loading device is used for placing a plurality of layers of test samples and applying loading force in the vertical direction to the samples;
the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices is multiple, the horizontal displacement loading devices are arranged between two side walls of the test frame (1) at intervals up and down, each horizontal displacement loading device comprises a loading rod (13) and a supporting rod (16), a plurality of layers of test samples are positioned between the loading rods (13) and the supporting rods (16) of the corresponding horizontal displacement loading devices, the two adjacent horizontal displacement loading devices are used for applying horizontal loading forces with opposite directions to the corresponding samples, axial cavities (22) for the supporting rods (16) to slide are arranged on the side walls of the test frame (1), and the horizontal displacement loading devices are positioned in the extending directions of the axial cavities (22) in the test frame (1);
the number of the impact disturbance devices is consistent with that of the horizontal displacement loading devices, the impact disturbance devices comprise impact rods (23) and force application mechanisms, the impact rods (23) are arranged in the extending direction of an axial cavity (22) outside the test frame (1), roller supports (24) for supporting the impact rods (23) are arranged below the impact rods (23), the diameter of the impact rods (23) is smaller than the inner diameter of the axial cavity (22), the force application mechanisms are arranged on one sides, opposite to the axial cavity (22), of the impact rods (23), and the force application mechanisms are used for pushing the impact rods (23) to move towards the axial cavity (22) to impact corresponding support rods (16) so as to apply impact force to a sample;
the end, far away from the sample, of a loading rod (13) on the horizontal displacement loading device is fixedly connected with a creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder (11), the creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder (11) is connected with a parallel energy storage device (19), and the parallel energy storage device (19) is used for providing power for the horizontal displacement loading device so as to respectively control the loading rod (13) of each horizontal displacement loading device to work.
2. The multilayer material shearing rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device according to claim 1, wherein the force application mechanism comprises a guide rail (26) and a heavy ball (25), the guide rail (26) is arc-shaped, the low end of the guide rail (26) corresponds to one end of the impact rod (23) opposite to the axial cavity (22), the high end of the guide rail (26) is higher than the impact rod (23), and the guide rail (26) is used for enabling the heavy ball (25) to roll down along the guide rail (26) from the high end of the guide rail (26) under the action of gravity to impact the impact rod (23).
3. The rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device for shearing of the multilayer material according to claim 1, wherein the lower part of the vertical displacement loading device is a displacement lifting mechanism, a sample supporting platform (9) is arranged at the upper part of the displacement lifting mechanism, a first magnetic roller (8) is arranged on the upper surface of the sample supporting platform (9), a second pressure sensor (2) is arranged at the position, corresponding to the displacement lifting mechanism, of the lower part of a top plate of the test frame (1), a rigid base plate (3) is arranged at the lower part of the second pressure sensor (2), a second magnetic roller (4) is arranged on the lower surface of the rigid base plate (3), a space formed by the first magnetic roller (8) and the second magnetic roller (4) is used for placing a multilayer sample for testing, and a second laser displacement meter (17) used for measuring the vertical displacement of the sample is arranged on the vertical displacement loading device;
the creep hydraulic loading oil cylinder (11) is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the test frame (1), and the horizontal displacement loading device is also provided with a first laser displacement meter (12) for measuring the horizontal displacement of the sample.
4. The multilayer material sheared rheological relaxation coupled impact disturbance testing device according to claim 2, wherein the central angle of the arcuate guide rail (26) is greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.
5. The multilayer material shear rheology-relaxation coupled impact perturbation testing device of claim 2, wherein the diameter of the heavy sphere (25) is 1.5 times the diameter of the impact rod (23).
6. The device for testing the rheological relaxation-coupled impact disturbance of the shearing of a multilayer material according to claim 1, characterized in that each impact rod (23) is on the same horizontal straight line with the center of the corresponding support rod (16).
7. The multilayer material shearing rheological relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device according to claim 1, wherein the impact rod (23) is provided with a fiber grating and an acceleration sensor.
8. The multilayer material shearing rheology relaxation coupling impact disturbance testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the number of horizontal displacement loading devices and impact disturbance devices is three, and the number of horizontal displacement loading devices (5), the number of horizontal displacement loading devices (6) and the number of horizontal displacement loading devices (7) are sequentially from top to bottom, the number of the horizontal displacement disturbance devices is 1, which is used in cooperation with the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices (5), the number of the impact disturbance devices is 2, which is used in cooperation with the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices (6), and the number of the impact disturbance devices is 3, which is used in cooperation with the number of the horizontal displacement loading devices (7).
9. The method of a multilayer material shear rheology-relaxation coupled impact perturbation testing device of claim 8, wherein the method comprises a stress relaxation test of constant shear stress: firstly, starting each horizontal displacement loading device until loading stress of each horizontal displacement loading device in the horizontal direction reaches a preset value; then, the spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) is used as a displacement lifting mechanism to carry out displacement loading on the sample, and the spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) is stopped from lifting after reaching a preset stress value; finally, the industrial personal computer is opened, and Y, X direction stress and displacement data are recorded;
also included is a multidirectional shear creep test: firstly, carrying out displacement loading on a sample through a spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) to reach a preset stress value; then, one or more horizontal displacement loading devices are started according to test requirements, after the preset shearing stress is reached, the stability of the shearing stress is ensured through the started horizontal displacement loading devices, the industrial personal computer is started, and the Y, X direction stress and displacement data are recorded; finally, the impact disturbance device is selected according to the test condition, so that the impact disturbance device passes through an axial cavity (22) on the side wall of the test frame to strike the corresponding horizontal displacement loading device, and the Y, X direction stress and displacement data are recorded through the industrial personal computer during impact disturbance.
10. The method of a multilayer material shear rheology-relaxation coupled impact disturbance testing device according to claim 9,
the stress relaxation test of the constant shear stress comprises the following operation steps:
1) placing a sample on a first magnetic roller (8) of a supporting platform, lifting the sample supporting platform (9) and the sample by taking a spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) as a displacement lifting mechanism, enabling the upper surface of the uppermost sample to be in contact with a second magnetic roller (4), tightly attaching a second pressure sensor (2) to a rigid backing plate (3) in the vertical direction, and enabling the horizontal center of each layer of sample to be in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod (13);
2) Starting each horizontal displacement loading device to enable a loading rod (13) on each horizontal displacement loading device to horizontally contact with a corresponding sample;
3) The stress relaxation test of the constant shear stress is carried out, each horizontal displacement loading device is started until the loading stress of each horizontal displacement loading device in the horizontal direction reaches a preset value, a spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) is started to carry out displacement loading on a sample, after the preset stress value is reached, the spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) is stopped from lifting, an industrial personal computer is started, and the direction stress and displacement data of Y, X are recorded;
the multidirectional shear creep test comprises the following operation steps:
1) placing a sample on a first magnetic roller (8) of a supporting platform, lifting the sample supporting platform (9) and the sample by taking a spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) as a displacement lifting mechanism, enabling the upper surface of the uppermost sample to be in contact with a second magnetic roller (4), tightly attaching a second pressure sensor (2) to a rigid backing plate (3) in the vertical direction, and enabling the horizontal center of each layer of sample to be in a straight line with the horizontal center of a corresponding loading rod (13);
2) Starting each horizontal displacement loading device to enable a loading rod (13) on each horizontal displacement loading device to horizontally contact with a corresponding sample;
3) The multi-directional shear creep test is carried out, a motor is started, and a spiral displacement loading mechanism (10) carries out displacement loading on a sample to reach a preset stress value;
4) Starting a No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device (6), opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device (19) to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
5) Unidirectional impact: placing a heavy ball (25) on the No. 2 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball (25) to enable the heavy ball (25) to impact a corresponding impact rod (23) along a guide rail (26) on the No. 2 impact disturbance device, and further enabling the impact rod (23) to impact a supporting rod (16) on a No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device (6) horizontally, wherein the supporting rod (16) impacts a shear sample along the direction; multidirectional impact: placing heavy balls (25) on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device at a preset height respectively, and loosening the heavy balls (25) simultaneously or sequentially, so that the heavy balls (25) on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device respectively impact corresponding impact rods (23) along guide rails (26) on the No. 1 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device respectively, and the impact rods (23) respectively impact supporting rods (16) of the corresponding No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device (5) and supporting rods (16) of the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device (7), thereby carrying out multidirectional impact shear samples along the directions;
6) Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device (5) and a No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device (7), opening a advection pump after a preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device (19) to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
7) Placing a heavy ball (25) on the No. 1 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball (25) to enable the heavy ball (25) to impact a corresponding impact rod (23) along a guide rail (26) on the No. 1 impact disturbance device, so that the impact rod (23) horizontally impacts a supporting rod (16) of the No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device (5), and then impact a shear sample along the direction;
8) Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a No. 1 horizontal displacement loading device (5), opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device (19) to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
9) Placing a heavy ball (25) on the No. 3 impact disturbance device at a preset height, loosening the heavy ball (25) to enable the heavy ball (25) to impact a corresponding impact rod (23) along a guide rail (26) on the No. 3 impact disturbance device, so that the impact rod (23) horizontally impacts a supporting rod (16) of the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device (7), and then impact a shear sample along the direction;
10 Repeating the steps 1) -3), starting a No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device (7), opening a advection pump after the preset shearing stress is reached, enabling a parallel energy storage device (19) to start working, opening an industrial personal computer, and recording Y, X direction stress and displacement data for a long time;
11 The heavy balls (25) on the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device are respectively placed at a preset height, the heavy balls (25) are loosened, the heavy balls (25) respectively impact corresponding impact rods (23) along guide rails (26) on the No. 2 impact disturbance device and the No. 3 impact disturbance device, the impact rods (23) respectively impact supporting rods (16) of the corresponding No. 2 horizontal displacement loading device (6) and supporting rods (16) of the No. 3 horizontal displacement loading device (7), and then the two heavy balls (25) impact shear samples along all directions.
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| CN114858624B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-03-10 | 南京理工大学 | Constant loading device for rock creep and relaxation characteristic test |
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