CN109297823B - Test device and test method for simulating progressive damage of mining rock mass - Google Patents

Test device and test method for simulating progressive damage of mining rock mass Download PDF

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CN109297823B
CN109297823B CN201811283202.6A CN201811283202A CN109297823B CN 109297823 B CN109297823 B CN 109297823B CN 201811283202 A CN201811283202 A CN 201811283202A CN 109297823 B CN109297823 B CN 109297823B
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axial
triangular block
rock mass
rock
bearing
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CN109297823A (en
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尹延春
谭云亮
赵同彬
黄彬
邱月
房凯
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019Compressive
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048Hydraulic means

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Abstract

The invention discloses a test device and a test method for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock mass, which relate to the technical field of rock mechanics test devices and solve the technical problem of simulating the progressive failure process of the rock mass under a mining stress condition, wherein the test device comprises a flexible loading device and a side pressure conversion device, the flexible loading device comprises passive bearing oil cylinders, an axial bearing plate, an axial pressure sensor and an axial displacement sensor, and the axial pressure sensor and the axial displacement sensor are used for monitoring the load and the deformation of each passive bearing oil cylinder; the side pressure conversion device comprises a fixing frame, a fixing plate, a triangular block combination, a side pressure bearing plate and a side pressure sensor, and converts an axial load into a side pressure to realize side pressure loading; and the method for carrying out the mining rock mass progressive failure test by using the device realizes flexible loading and axial non-uniform loading on the surface of the rock, and has the advantages of convenient operation, test cost saving and the like.

Description

Test device and test method for simulating progressive damage of mining rock mass
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics test devices, in particular to a test device for simulating progressive rock destruction under mining conditions and a test method using the test device.
Background
In underground engineering such as mines, tunnels and the like, because the stress of original rock is transferred and changed due to the excavation of the chamber, surrounding rocks of the chamber can deform and break under the action of mining stress, and a cracking zone, a plastic zone and an elastic zone are sequentially generated in a rock body, wherein the research on the cracking degree and the range evolution rule of the cracking zone and the plastic zone has important significance on the control of the stability of the surrounding rocks.
At present, in a rock mechanics indoor test, a similar material simulation test and a rock mechanics test means are generally adopted for the research of surrounding rock deformation and damage, wherein the test period of the similar material simulation test is long, the workload is large, and the deformation and damage characteristics of the similar material have a certain difference with real rocks. Although the mechanical property of the rock can be directly tested by a rock mechanical test means, the existing rock mechanical test machine can only uniformly load a test piece with a standard size, and monitoring data are the integral strength and deformation of the test piece, so that the evolution process under the mining stress condition of the surrounding rock of the engineering chamber and the progressive damage characteristic from the side wall to the deep part cannot be reproduced.
In the Chinese patent 201410206492.X, a test method for the evolution process of a mining induced stress field in deep mining is disclosed, and the method realizes the non-uniform dynamic loading of a large-scale coal body by arranging a plurality of servo loading oil cylinders, and provides a new test method for the research of the mining induced stress field. However, the mining stress in the test method is actively applied, the stress self-transfer process caused by the deformation and the damage of the coal body cannot be analyzed, and the test device is large in size and high in cost. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost, fully exert the functions of the conventional rock mechanical testing machine, realize the laboratory simulation of the gradual rock destruction caused by mining, and further improve the existing testing device and the testing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock mass, aiming at solving the technical problem of simulating the progressive failure process of the rock mass under the mining stress condition, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A test device for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock mass comprises a flexible loading device and a side pressure conversion device; the flexible loading device comprises a passive bearing oil cylinder, an axial bearing plate, an axial pressure sensor and an axial displacement sensor; an axial pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the passive bearing oil cylinder, an axial displacement sensor is arranged on the side surface of the passive bearing oil cylinder, and an axial bearing plate is arranged at the lower end of the passive bearing oil cylinder; the side pressure conversion device comprises a fixed frame, a fixed plate, a triangular block combination, a side bearing plate, a side pressure sensor and an industrial camera; the fixing frame is arranged above the passive bearing oil cylinder and is connected with an upper bearing column of the rock mechanics testing machine; the fixing plate is arranged below the rock mass test piece, and the lower surface of the fixing plate is connected with a loading oil cylinder of the rock mechanical testing machine; the triangular block body combination comprises a fixed triangular block body and a sliding triangular block body, the fixed triangular block body is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and the sliding triangular block body is connected with the fixed frame through a clamping groove and a steel ball in a sliding mode.
Preferably, the triangular block body combination is arranged between the fixing frame and the fixing plate, the rock mass test piece is placed between the axial bearing plate and the fixing plate, and the triangular block body combination is arranged on the left side, the right side and the rear side of the rock mass test piece respectively.
Further preferably, the inclined planes of the sliding triangular block body and the fixed triangular block body are mutually attached, and the inclination angle of the inclined planes is smaller than the maximum static friction angle between the inclined planes; and a lateral pressure sensor and a lateral bearing plate are arranged on the inner side of the sliding triangular block body.
Further preferably, the lateral pressure sensor is connected with the lateral bearing plate through a rolling steel ball; the lateral bearing plate is made of high-strength transparent materials.
Further preferably, a plurality of mounting grooves for industrial cameras are arranged on the lateral bearing plates, and industrial cameras are arranged in the mounting grooves.
It is also preferable that a plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders are arranged above the rock mass test piece; and the oil inlet valve controls the content of hydraulic oil in the passive bearing oil cylinder, and is closed after the hydraulic oil is filled.
The method for testing by using the testing device for simulating the progressive failure of the mining rock mass comprises the following steps:
A. connecting an upper end fixing frame of the side pressure conversion device with an upper bearing column of a rock mechanical testing machine, and connecting the fixing plate with a loading oil cylinder of the rock mechanical testing machine;
B. opening an oil inlet valve of the passive bearing oil cylinder, and closing the oil inlet valve after adjusting and controlling the content of hydraulic oil in each passive bearing oil cylinder respectively;
C. placing a rock mass test piece, sequentially adjusting the positions of the fixed triangular block body, the sliding triangular block body and the lateral bearing plate, and installing an industrial camera;
D. the rock mechanics testing machine is started to load, axial stress, axial displacement, lateral stress and loading time are synchronously recorded in the testing process, and the industrial camera shoots and records images of the side face of the rock mass test piece in real time until the test piece is completely damaged.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) the flexible loading device is utilized to realize axial non-uniform stress loading of different areas of the test piece, and a plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders are used to realize flexible loading of the rock mass test piece, so that the device can simulate the rock mass progressive destruction process under the mining condition, and further provides a basis for the research of surrounding rock stability control.
(2) The lateral pressure conversion device is combined through the triangular blocks, so that the axial load is converted into the lateral pressure, and the lateral pressure is converted through the axial pressure, so that the lateral pressure and the axial pressure are synchronously applied, the lateral pressure and the axial pressure are applied through the linkage of the test equipment, the real stress state of a rock body is better simulated, and the reliability of a rock mechanical test in a laboratory is further improved.
(3) The test device for simulating the progressive damage of the mining rock mass can realize the direct improvement of the existing rock mechanical testing machine, save the manufacturing cost of the testing machine and realize the loading of the common single-shaft testing machine in the axial direction and the lateral direction; and the mechanical transmission structure is stable, so that the stable transmission of pressure is ensured, and the test precision is further ensured.
(4) The lateral bearing plate is made of high-strength transparent materials, and records the damage form of the rock mass test piece in the test process by installing an industrial camera, so that the visual monitoring of one side of the bearing surface of the rock mass test piece is realized.
In addition, the device also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, low manufacturing cost, capability of being matched with the existing test equipment, test cost saving and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus for simulating progressive failure of a mined rock mass;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a test device for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock mass;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the axial stress evolution of a rock mass test piece during loading;
in the figure: 1-a flexible loading device; 11-passive load-bearing oil cylinder; 12-an axial bearing plate; 13-an oil inlet valve; 14-axial pressure sensor; 15-an axial displacement sensor; 2-side pressure conversion device; 21-a fixing frame; 22-a fixing plate; 23-triangular block combination; 231-fixed triangular block; 232-sliding triangular block; 24-lateral bearing plates; 25-lateral pressure sensor; 26-an industrial camera; 3-a rock mechanics testing machine; 31-loading the oil cylinder; 32-an upper pressure bearing column; 4-rock mass test piece.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a test device and a test method for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock body, and the specific embodiment is as follows.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the test device for simulating the progressive failure of the mining rock specifically comprises a flexible loading device 1 and a side pressure conversion device 2. The flexible loading device 1 is utilized to realize axial non-uniform stress loading of different areas of the test piece, and a plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders are used to realize flexible loading of the rock mass test piece 4; the side pressure conversion device 2 realizes the conversion of axial load and side pressure by the single-shaft experiment machine through the combination of the triangular blocks.
The flexible loading device 1 specifically comprises a passive bearing oil cylinder 11, an axial bearing plate 12, an axial pressure sensor 14 and an axial displacement sensor 15. A plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders 11 are arranged above the rock mass test piece 4, and the passive bearing oil cylinders 11 control the extension and contraction of the passive bearing oil cylinders 11 through oil inlet valves 13. The upper end of the passive bearing oil cylinder 11 is provided with an axial pressure sensor 14, and the side surface of the passive bearing oil cylinder 11 is provided with an axial displacement sensor 15 for monitoring the axial pressure load and the axial displacement in real time. The lower end of the passive bearing oil cylinder 11 is provided with an axial bearing plate 12, the number of the axial bearing plates 12 corresponds to that of the passive bearing oil cylinder 11, and axial load is applied to the rock mass test piece through the axial bearing plates 12. A plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders 11 are arranged above the rock mass test piece 4, the oil inlet valve 13 controls the content of hydraulic oil in the passive bearing oil cylinders 11, and the oil inlet valve 13 is closed after the hydraulic oil is filled. The oil inlet valve 13 and the axial pressure sensor 14 are used for monitoring and controlling the size and distribution of the axial load, and a rock mass supporting pressure curve in the actual mining process can be simulated and reproduced.
The side pressure conversion device 2 specifically comprises a fixed frame 21, a fixed plate 22, a triangular block combination 23, a side pressure bearing plate 24, a side pressure sensor 25 and an industrial camera 26. The fixing frame 21 is arranged above the passive bearing oil cylinder 11, and the fixing frame 21 is connected with the upper bearing column of the rock mechanics testing machine 3 and can be connected through threads. The fixing plate 22 is arranged below the rock mass test piece 4, the lower surface of the fixing plate 22 is connected with the loading oil cylinder 31 at the lower part of the rock mechanical testing machine 3, the fixing plate 22 is made of rigid non-deformable materials, and the fixing plate 22 is connected with the loading oil cylinder 31 through threads. The triangular block assembly 23 comprises a fixed triangular block 231 and a sliding triangular block 232, wherein the fixed triangular block 231 is fixedly arranged on the fixing plate 22, and the sliding triangular block 232 is connected with the fixing frame 21 in a sliding manner through a clamping groove and a steel ball. The triangular block combination 23 is arranged between the fixing frame 21 and the fixing plate 22, the rock mass test piece 4 is placed between the axial bearing plate 12 and the fixing plate 22, the triangular block combination 23 is respectively arranged on the left side, the right side and the rear side of the rock mass test piece 4, and the front side of the rock mass test piece 4 faces to be free and free of pressure. The inclined planes of the sliding triangular block 232 and the fixed triangular block 231 are mutually attached, and the inclination angle of the inclined plane is smaller than the maximum static friction angle between the inclined planes, so that smooth sliding of the sliding triangular block is ensured. The inner side of the sliding triangular block 232 is provided with a lateral pressure sensor 25 and a lateral bearing plate 24 for monitoring the pressure condition in real time. The lateral pressure sensor 25 is connected with the lateral bearing plate 24 through rolling steel balls, and the lateral bearing plate 24 is made of high-strength transparent materials. Be provided with the mounting groove of a plurality of industry cameras 26 on the side direction bearing plate 24, be provided with industry camera 26 in the mounting groove, carry out real-time recording to the side deformation condition of rock mass test piece through industry camera 26, realized the visual monitoring of rock mass test piece bearing surface.
The device can simulate the progressive destruction process of the rock mass under the mining condition, and further provides a basis for the research of the stability control of the surrounding rock. Lateral pressure is realized through axial pressure conversion, and lateral pressure and axial pressure exert linkage better simulation rock mass's true stress state, have further improved laboratory rock mechanics test's reliability. The test device is simple in structure, convenient to install and detach and low in manufacturing cost, and can be matched with the existing test equipment, so that the test cost is saved.
The method for testing by using the testing device for simulating the progressive failure of the mining rock mass comprises the following steps:
A. the upper end fixing frame 21 of the side pressure conversion device 2 is connected with the upper bearing column 32 of the rock mechanical testing machine 3, and the fixing plate 22 is connected with the loading oil cylinder 31 of the rock mechanical testing machine 3.
B. And opening the oil inlet valve 13 of the passive bearing oil cylinder 11, and closing the oil inlet valve 13 after adjusting and controlling the content of the hydraulic oil in each passive bearing oil cylinder 11 respectively according to the test scheme.
C. The rock mass test piece 4 is placed, the positions of the fixed triangular block 231, the sliding triangular block 232 and the lateral bearing plate 24 are adjusted in sequence, and the industrial camera 26 is installed.
D. The rock mechanics testing machine 3 is started to load, axial stress, axial displacement, lateral stress and loading time are synchronously recorded in the testing process, and the industrial camera 26 shoots and records images of the side face of the rock test piece in real time until the test piece is completely damaged. The stress change condition of the rock mass test piece in the loading process is shown in figure 3.
Parts which are not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art. Furthermore, terms such as "axial bearing plate, fixed frame, fixed plate, triangular block combination, lateral bearing plate and industrial camera" are used more often herein, but do not exclude the possibility of using other terms. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any such additional limitations.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A test method for simulating progressive failure of a mining rock mass is characterized in that a test device for simulating progressive failure of the mining rock mass comprises a flexible loading device and a side pressure conversion device; the method comprises the following steps:
A. connecting an upper end fixing frame of the side pressure conversion device with an upper bearing column of the rock mechanical testing machine, and connecting a fixing plate with a loading oil cylinder of the rock mechanical testing machine;
B. opening an oil inlet valve of the passive bearing oil cylinder, and closing the oil inlet valve after adjusting and controlling the content of hydraulic oil in each passive bearing oil cylinder respectively;
C. placing a rock mass test piece, sequentially adjusting the positions of the fixed triangular block body, the sliding triangular block body and the lateral bearing plate, and installing an industrial camera;
D. starting a rock mechanics testing machine for loading, synchronously recording axial stress, axial displacement, lateral stress and loading time in the testing process, and shooting and recording images of the side face of a rock mass test piece by the industrial camera in real time until the test piece is completely damaged;
the flexible loading device comprises a passive bearing oil cylinder, an axial bearing plate, an axial pressure sensor and an axial displacement sensor; an axial pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the passive bearing oil cylinder, an axial displacement sensor is arranged on the side surface of the passive bearing oil cylinder, and an axial bearing plate is arranged at the lower end of the passive bearing oil cylinder;
the side pressure conversion device comprises a fixed frame, a fixed plate, a triangular block combination, a side bearing plate, a side pressure sensor and an industrial camera; the fixing frame is arranged above the passive bearing oil cylinder and is connected with an upper bearing column of the rock mechanics testing machine; the fixing plate is arranged below the rock mass test piece, and the lower surface of the fixing plate is connected with a loading oil cylinder of the rock mechanical testing machine; the triangular block assembly comprises a fixed triangular block and a sliding triangular block, the fixed triangular block is fixedly arranged on the fixed plate, and the sliding triangular block is in sliding connection with the fixed frame through a clamping groove and a steel ball;
the triangular block combination is arranged between the fixing frame and the fixing plate, the rock mass test piece is placed between the axial bearing plate and the fixing plate, and the triangular block combination is respectively arranged on the left side, the right side and the rear side of the rock mass test piece; the inclined planes of the sliding triangular block body and the fixed triangular block body are mutually attached, and the inclination angle of the inclined planes is smaller than the maximum static friction angle between the inclined planes; a lateral pressure sensor and a lateral bearing plate are arranged on the inner side of the sliding triangular block body;
the lateral pressure sensor is connected with the lateral bearing plate through a rolling steel ball; the lateral bearing plate is made of high-strength transparent materials;
and a plurality of passive bearing oil cylinders are arranged above the rock mass test piece, the oil inlet valve controls the content of hydraulic oil in the passive bearing oil cylinders, and the oil inlet valve is closed after the hydraulic oil is filled.
2. The test method for simulating the progressive failure of the mined rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of mounting grooves for industrial cameras are arranged on the lateral bearing plates, and industrial cameras are arranged in the mounting grooves.
CN201811283202.6A 2018-10-31 2018-10-31 Test device and test method for simulating progressive damage of mining rock mass Active CN109297823B (en)

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PCT/CN2018/123287 WO2020087715A1 (en) 2018-10-31 2018-12-25 Testing device and method for performing progressive failure simulation on mining-affected rock mass

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