CN109269891B - True triaxial loading device and test method suitable for false triaxial test machine - Google Patents
True triaxial loading device and test method suitable for false triaxial test machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269891B CN109269891B CN201811283212.XA CN201811283212A CN109269891B CN 109269891 B CN109269891 B CN 109269891B CN 201811283212 A CN201811283212 A CN 201811283212A CN 109269891 B CN109269891 B CN 109269891B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
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Abstract
The invention provides a true triaxial loading device and a test method suitable for a false triaxial test machine, relates to the technical field of rock mechanical test devices, and solves the technical problem that the true triaxial test device cannot finish true triaxial loading; the third main stress loading device comprises a sliding bearing plate, a fixed load conversion block, a sliding load conversion block and a third bearing plate; the guide rod penetrates through the sliding bearing plate, and the sliding bearing plate is respectively provided with a fixed load conversion block and a sliding load conversion block; the monitoring device comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and an industrial camera, and the method for carrying out the triaxial loading test by using the device comprises the steps of installation and test operation of the device. In addition, the invention has the advantages of low reconstruction cost, convenient disassembly and assembly, uniform loading force distribution and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanics test devices, in particular to a true triaxial loading device suitable for being installed on a false triaxial test machine and a method for carrying out a true triaxial loading test by using the device.
Background
In underground engineering, the rock mass is generally in a three-dimensional stress state, and in order to research the deformation and strength of the rock mass in the underground engineering, a true triaxial loading test is required to be carried out to research the deformation and strength characteristics of the rock mass, so that the rock mass is used as an important basis related to engineering stability. At present, the rock mechanical test device under the three-dimensional stress condition comprises a true triaxial test machine and a false triaxial test machine, wherein the false triaxial test machine is low in price, simple to operate and wide in application range, but can only be used for loading test under the equal confining pressure state. The three principal stresses of the rock mass are generally unequal in engineering practice, and there is a great difference in deformation failure characteristics of the rock from those in the iso-confining pressure state when the second principal stress and the third principal stress are different. Although the existing true triaxial loading test device solves the problem of triaxial loading, the true triaxial test machine is high in cost and large in occupied area, and the repeated and wasted resources of the true triaxial test machine and the false triaxial test machine are caused by the fact that the true triaxial test machine is added, so that the existing false triaxial test machine needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that a false triaxial test device cannot finish true triaxial loading, the invention provides a true triaxial loading device and a test method suitable for a false triaxial test machine, and the technical scheme is as follows:
The true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine comprises a second main stress loading device, a third main stress loading device, a monitoring device and a confining pressure servo loading device; the second main stress loading device comprises a loading base, a hydraulic cylinder, a guide rod and a second bearing plate; the third main stress loading device comprises a sliding bearing plate, a fixed load conversion block, a triangular block group, a sliding load conversion block and a third bearing plate; the monitoring device comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and an industrial camera; the hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged and fixed on the loading base; both ends of the guide rod are fixed on the loading base, and the guide rod passes through the sliding bearing plate; the sliding bearing plate is provided with a fixed load conversion block or a sliding load conversion block, and moves along with the hydraulic cylinder; the sliding load conversion block is connected with the sliding bearing plate through the ball and the clamping groove.
Preferably, a pressure sensor is arranged between the second bearing plate and the sliding bearing plate, and a pressure sensor is arranged between the third bearing plate and the sliding load conversion block; and displacement sensors are arranged on the second bearing plate and the third bearing plate.
It is further preferable that the third bearing plate is a transparent plate, an industrial camera mounting groove is provided on the third bearing plate, and the industrial camera is fixed on the third bearing plate. It is further preferred that a friction reducing pad is provided between the sliding bearing plate and the second bearing plate.
It is also preferable that the bottom angle of the inclined contact surface between the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block is α; a plurality of guide rods are fixed between the loading bases.
It is also preferable that the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a confining pressure servo loading device of the pseudo triaxial test machine.
The method for carrying out the triaxial loading test by utilizing the true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial testing machine comprises the following steps of:
Installing a true triaxial loading device suitable for a false triaxial test machine, specifically placing the true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine on an axial loading oil cylinder of the false triaxial test machine and fixing the true triaxial loading device;
adjusting a true triaxial loading device, selecting and installing a triangular block group after placing a rock test piece with an artificial speckle field, installing an industrial camera, and adjusting the positions of a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, an antifriction pad, a second bearing plate and a third bearing plate;
Step three, adjusting a hydraulic system, connecting a hydraulic cylinder with a confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine, opening the confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine, and loading in a second main stress direction and a third main stress direction;
and fourthly, loading the axle pressure, recording test data, applying pressure in the first main stress direction by starting an axle pressure loading device of the false triaxial test machine, recording measurement data of the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor, and storing shooting data of the industrial camera.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) The synchronous loading in the second main stress and the third main stress direction is realized by using the true triaxial loading device of the false triaxial tester, so that the true triaxial loading test of the false triaxial tester is realized.
(2) The sliding bearing plate, the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block realize the linkage loading in the second main stress direction and the third main stress direction, the triangular block group is utilized to realize the conversion of loading with different pressure ratios in two directions, and the pressure transmission stability is ensured by applying pressure through sliding.
(3) The third bearing plate uses the transparent plate and is provided with an industrial camera, visual monitoring of rock loading is achieved, stability of test data recording can be guaranteed, and real-time feedback of test data is achieved through the use of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor.
(4) The arrangement of the plurality of guide rods ensures the stability of the second main stress loading and the overall stability of the device, and the arrangement of the friction reducing plate ensures that the second bearing plate can still be stably loaded after rock destruction.
In addition, the invention has the advantages of convenient installation, reliable structural loading, low transformation cost, uniform loading force distribution and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the overall structure of a true triaxial loading apparatus suitable for use in a false triaxial test machine;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block.
In the figure: 1-a second principal stress loading device; 11-loading a base; 12-a hydraulic cylinder; 13-a guide rod; 14-a second bearing plate; 15-antifriction pad; 2-a third principal stress loading means; 21-sliding bearing plate; 22-fixed load conversion block; 23-triangle block group; 231-a first block; 232-a second block; 24-sliding load conversion block; 25-a third bearing plate; 3-monitoring means; 31-a displacement sensor; 32-a pressure sensor; 33-industrial cameras; 4-confining pressure servo loading device; 5-rock test piece.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment of the true triaxial loading device and the test method suitable for the false triaxial test machine provided by the invention is as follows.
The true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine specifically comprises a second main stress loading device 1, a third main stress loading device 2, a monitoring device 3 and a confining pressure servo loading device 4. The second main stress loading device 1 and the third main stress loading device 2 are vertically arranged and are used for loading confining pressure; the second main stress loading device 1 and the third main stress loading device 2 are directly provided with cavities for placing rock test pieces; the monitoring device 3 is used for recording test data; the confining pressure servo loading device 4 is used for being connected with a hydraulic system of the false triaxial test machine to realize hydraulic control of the device. The second main stress loading device 1 mainly comprises a loading base 11, a hydraulic cylinder 12, a guide rod 13 and a second bearing plate 14, the third main stress loading device 2 mainly comprises a sliding bearing plate 21, a fixed load conversion block 22, a triangle block group 23, a sliding load conversion block 24 and a third bearing plate 25, and the monitoring device 3 mainly comprises a displacement sensor 31, a pressure sensor 32 and an industrial camera 33.
The first main stress direction is the axial loading direction of the false triaxial test machine, and the first main stress direction, the second main stress direction and the third main stress direction are mutually perpendicular. In the second main stress direction, the hydraulic cylinders 12 are symmetrically arranged and fixed on the loading base 11, and the hydraulic cylinders 12 are connected with the confining pressure servo loading device 4 of the false triaxial test machine. The two ends of the guide rod 13 are fixed on the loading bases 11 at both sides, the guide rod 13 passes through the sliding bearing plate 21, and a plurality of guide rods 13 are fixed between the loading bases for ensuring the connection and loading stability. The second bearing plate 14 is fixed on the sliding bearing plate 21, fixed load conversion blocks 22 or sliding load conversion blocks 24 are arranged on two ends of the sliding bearing plate 21, and the sliding bearing plate 21 moves along with the hydraulic cylinder 12. As shown in fig. 2, fixed load conversion blocks are provided at both ends of the same slide bearing plate 21, slide load conversion blocks are provided at both ends of the other slide bearing plate 21, and the bottom angle of the inclined contact surfaces of the fixed load conversion block 22 and the slide load conversion block 24 is α. And the sliding load conversion block 24 and the sliding bearing plate 21 are connected through the balls and the clamping grooves, so that the loading stability in the third main stress direction is ensured and the flexible loading is realized. The fixed load conversion block 22 and the sliding load conversion block 24 are provided with triangular block groups 23, the base angles of the inclined contact surfaces of the triangular block groups are different, the base angle alpha of the inclined contact surface of the triangular block group 23 at least comprises 45 degrees, 30 degrees and 60 degrees, and the triangular blocks can be combined according to experimental requirements to change the angle, so that the pressure ratio is adjusted. The triangular block group 23 includes a first block 231 and a second block 232, and the base angle of the inclined contact surface of the first block 231 and the second block 232 is α, and triangular block groups of different inclined base angles are provided between the fixed load conversion block 22 and the sliding load conversion block 24, so that the pressure ratio in the second principal stress direction and the third principal stress direction can be adjusted.
A pressure sensor 32 is provided between the second bearing plate 14 and the sliding bearing plate 21, a pressure sensor 32 is provided between the third bearing plate 25 and the sliding load conversion block 24, and a displacement sensor 31 is provided on the second bearing plate 14 and the third bearing plate 25. The third bearing plate 25 is a transparent plate, an industrial camera 33 mounting groove is formed in the third bearing plate 25, the industrial camera 33 is fixed on the third bearing plate 25, and the industrial camera 33 can shoot side speckle images of a rock test piece. The antifriction pad 15 is arranged between the sliding bearing plate 21 and the second bearing plate 14, so that the second bearing plate can still be stably loaded after rock is damaged, and friction of the end face of the rock test piece during deformation is reduced.
The method for carrying out triaxial loading test by using the true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine comprises the following steps:
Installing a true triaxial loading device suitable for a false triaxial test machine, specifically placing the true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine on an axial loading oil cylinder of the false triaxial test machine and fixing the true triaxial loading device;
step two, adjusting a true triaxial loading device, selectively installing a triangular block group 23 after placing a rock test piece 5 with an artificial speckle field, installing an industrial camera 33, and adjusting the positions of a displacement sensor 31, a pressure sensor 32, a friction reducing pad 15, a second bearing plate 14 and a third bearing plate 25;
Step three, adjusting a hydraulic system, connecting a hydraulic cylinder with a confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine, opening a confining pressure servo loading device 4 of the false triaxial test machine, and loading in a second main stress direction and a third main stress direction;
And fourthly, loading shaft pressure, recording test data, applying pressure in the first main stress direction by starting a pseudo triaxial tester, recording measurement data of the displacement sensor 31 and the pressure sensor 32, and storing shooting data of the industrial camera 33 until the rock test piece 5 is damaged.
The parts not described in the invention can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for the true triaxial loading test applicable to the false triaxial test machine utilizes a true triaxial loading device applicable to the false triaxial test machine, and is characterized in that the device comprises a second main stress loading device, a third main stress loading device, a monitoring device and a confining pressure servo loading device; the second main stress loading device comprises a loading base, a hydraulic cylinder, a guide rod and a second bearing plate; the third main stress loading device comprises a sliding bearing plate, a fixed load conversion block, a triangular block group, a sliding load conversion block and a third bearing plate; the monitoring device comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and an industrial camera; the hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically arranged and fixed on the loading base; both ends of the guide rod are fixed on the loading base, and the guide rod passes through the sliding bearing plate; the sliding bearing plates are provided with fixed load conversion blocks or sliding load conversion blocks, and move along with the hydraulic cylinders, wherein the fixed load conversion blocks are arranged at two ends of the same sliding bearing plate, and the sliding load conversion blocks are arranged at two ends of the other sliding bearing plate; the sliding load conversion block is connected with the sliding bearing plate through a ball and a clamping groove; the bottom angle of the inclined contact surface between the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block is alpha; a plurality of guide rods are fixed between the loading bases; the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine; a triangular block group is arranged between the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block, the triangular block group comprises a first block body and a second block body, the base angle of the inclined contact surface of the first block body and the second block body is alpha, and triangular block groups with different inclined base angles are arranged between the fixed load conversion block and the sliding load conversion block, so that the pressure ratio in the second main stress direction and the third main stress direction is adjusted;
the method comprises the following steps:
Installing a true triaxial loading device suitable for a false triaxial test machine, specifically placing the true triaxial loading device suitable for the false triaxial test machine on an axial loading oil cylinder of the false triaxial test machine and fixing the true triaxial loading device;
Adjusting a true triaxial loading device, selecting and installing a triangular block group after placing a rock test piece with an artificial speckle field, installing an industrial camera, and adjusting the positions of a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, an antifriction pad, a second bearing plate and a third bearing plate;
Step three, adjusting a hydraulic system, connecting a hydraulic cylinder with a confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine, opening the confining pressure servo loading device of the false triaxial test machine, and loading in a second main stress direction and a third main stress direction;
Loading shaft pressure, recording test data, applying pressure in a first main stress direction by starting a shaft pressure loading device of the false triaxial test machine, recording measurement data of a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor, and storing shooting data of an industrial camera;
the first main stress direction is the axial loading direction of the false triaxial test machine, and the first main stress direction, the second main stress direction and the third main stress direction are mutually perpendicular.
2. The method for true triaxial loading test applicable to a false triaxial test machine according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure sensor is provided between the second bearing plate and the sliding bearing plate, and a pressure sensor is provided between the third bearing plate and the sliding load conversion block; and displacement sensors are arranged on the second bearing plate and the third bearing plate.
3. The method for true triaxial loading test applicable to a false triaxial tester according to claim 2, wherein the third bearing plate is a transparent plate, an industrial camera mounting groove is formed in the third bearing plate, and the industrial camera is fixed on the third bearing plate.
4. A method for true triaxial loading test applicable to a false triaxial tester according to claim 3, characterized in that a friction reducing pad is provided between the sliding bearing plate and the second bearing plate.
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| CN110095345B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-03-06 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial testing machine with adjustable loading rigidity and testing method |
| CN110146389B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2022-07-29 | 山东科技大学 | True triaxial direct shear test box and method for simulating force-heat-liquid coupling environment |
| CN110044719B (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2023-11-17 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Triaxial compression test device and method for discrete gangue |
| CN110186774A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-08-30 | 四川德翔科创仪器有限公司 | Rock testing experiment true triaxial test device |
| CN110487621A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-11-22 | 东北大学 | A kind of full mutual buckle type of square coupons for true triaxial test loads press plate mechanism |
| CN111398031A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | Modularization press convenient to reorganize by oneself |
| CN115389322A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-25 | 东北大学 | Bidirectional synchronous loading method for true triaxial tester |
| CN115266365B (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device for simultaneously measuring stress field and real contact area in contact surface sliding process |
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