CN115288214A - Test device for simulating pile foundation - Google Patents
Test device for simulating pile foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN115288214A CN115288214A CN202210954606.3A CN202210954606A CN115288214A CN 115288214 A CN115288214 A CN 115288214A CN 202210954606 A CN202210954606 A CN 202210954606A CN 115288214 A CN115288214 A CN 115288214A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides a test device for simulating a pile foundation, which relates to the field of civil engineering and comprises a model box, a pile foundation simulation device and a pile foundation simulation device, wherein a soil body is filled in the model box; the bearing pile model is at least partially buried in the soil body; the lateral deformation simulation system is arranged in the model box and is positioned on at least one side of the soil body, and can enable at least part of the soil body to displace; and the detection device is fixed on the surface of the bearing pile model and used for acquiring the stress and the deformation of the bearing pile model. The loading and unloading process is flexibly simulated through the lateral deformation simulation system, the lateral loading and unloading state of the pile foundation adjacent to the foundation soil is restored, the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in the disturbance mode are obtained, and the response rule of the bearing state of the existing pile foundation is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a test device for simulating a pile foundation.
Background
Along with the high-speed development of national infrastructure, the development of new construction of the existing pile foundation is inevitable, the lateral displacement of foundation soil caused by pile-forming soil squeezing and foundation pit excavation is a main factor for disturbing the existing pile foundation, and in order to improve the construction safety and avoid the influence on the existing pile foundation, the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode needs to be obtained.
At present, a plurality of model piles are pressed in a test box in a limited space to simulate the influence of pile group soil extrusion on an existing pile foundation, so that the problem that the lateral soil extrusion amount is insufficient and the actual requirement is difficult to meet exists; meanwhile, when the excavation of a foundation pit is simulated, the complex procedures of layered excavation and supporting are difficult to complete in a test box, the controllability of the test process is low, the cost is high, the field engineering condition is difficult to restore, and the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode cannot be effectively acquired, so that the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a test device for simulating a pile foundation, which aims to solve the problem of how to effectively acquire stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for simulating a pile foundation, which comprises: a mold box filled with soil; the bearing pile model is at least partially embedded in the soil body; the lateral deformation simulation system is arranged in the model box and is positioned on at least one side of the soil body, and can enable at least part of the soil body to displace; and the detection device is fixed on the surface of the bearing pile model and used for acquiring the stress and the deformation of the bearing pile model.
Further, the lateral deformation simulation system includes: a plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices, one ends of which are fixed on the model box; and the blocking curtain is connected with the model box and positioned between each horizontal loading and unloading device and the soil body, and is used for improving the continuity of the deviation of the horizontal loading and unloading devices to the soil body.
Further, the separation curtain comprises a plurality of pressure bearing sheets, and the pressure bearing sheets are movably connected with each other.
Further, the lateral deformation simulation system further comprises a sealing device for preventing the soil body from passing through between the adjacent pressure bearing sheets.
Further, the offset of the horizontal loading and unloading devices at the same height is the same, and the lateral deformation simulation system further includes: and the scroll is fixed at one end of the model box in the height direction, and one end of the barrier curtain is fixed on the scroll.
Further, the lateral deformation simulation system further comprises: and the fixed seat is arranged at the other end of the model box opposite to the end fixed with the scroll, and the other end of the barrier curtain opposite to the end fixed with the scroll is connected with the fixed seat.
Furthermore, the fixing seat is provided with a shaft pin, one end of the blocking curtain is provided with a pull ring, and the shaft pin can penetrate through the pull ring so as to movably connect the blocking curtain with the fixing seat.
Further, a plurality of the horizontal loading and unloading devices are fixed on the model box, the horizontal loading and unloading devices are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal loading and unloading device group, and the horizontal loading and unloading device group is arranged at intervals in the height direction of the model box.
Further, a pulley is arranged at one end of the horizontal loading and unloading device, which is in contact with the blocking curtain.
Further, the testing device further comprises a pile top loading system, wherein the pile top loading system is located above the bearing pile model, is fixed with the model box and can apply top load to the bearing pile model.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for simulating a pile foundation, which comprises: the device comprises a model box, a bearing pile model, a lateral deformation simulation system and a detection device. The model box is provided with a soil body, at least part of the bearing pile model is embedded in the soil body, the lateral deformation simulation system is arranged in the model box and is positioned on at least one side of the soil body, the lateral deformation simulation system can enable at least part of the soil body to generate displacement, and the detection device is fixed on the surface of the bearing pile model and used for acquiring the stress and deformation of the bearing pile model. The lateral deformation simulation system can effectively simulate the disturbance of the excavation of an adjacent pile foundation, the disturbance of the lateral displacement of various soil bodies such as the soil extrusion of the pile foundation and the like, the lateral loading and unloading state of the adjacent pile foundation is reduced, the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode are effectively obtained, and the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation is obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test apparatus for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of a test device for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a lateral deformation simulation system in a test apparatus for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another view angle of a testing apparatus for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an operation method of a test device for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. A testing device; 10. a model box; 11. a soil body; 12. a right side plate; 13. hollowing out a steel plate; 14. tempering the glass; 15. a screw hole; 20. carrying a pile model; 30. a lateral deformation simulation system; 31. a horizontal loading and unloading device; 311. a pulley; 32. a barrier curtain; 321. a pressure-bearing sheet; 322. a hinge; 323. a pull ring; 33. a sealing device; 34. a reel; 35. a fixed seat; 351. a shaft pin; 40. a detection device; 41. a strain gauge; 42. a pressure sensor; 50. a pile top loading system; 51. a gantry; 511. a load bearing top plate; 512. a bearing column; 5121. a fixing hole; 52. a vertical loading device; 521. a hydraulic jack; 522. a hydraulic pump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The individual features described in the embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope, for example different embodiments and aspects can be formed by combining different features. Various possible combinations of the various specific features of the invention are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In the following description, references to the term "first/second" - "merely distinguish between different objects and do not indicate that there is an identity or relationship between the objects. It should be understood that the description of the "upper", "lower", "outer" and "inner" directions as related to the orientation in the normal use state, and the "left" and "right" directions indicate the left and right directions indicated in the corresponding schematic drawings, and may or may not be the left and right directions in the normal use state.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a component of' 8230; \8230;" does not exclude the presence of another like element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element. The term "coupled", where not expressly stated, includes both direct and indirect connections.
In a specific embodiment, the test device for simulating the pile foundation can simulate the influence of multiple disturbance modes on the bearing state of the existing loaded pile foundation, for example, the test device can simulate the influence of pile group soil extrusion on the bearing state of the existing high-speed rail pile foundation; for example, the test device can simulate the influence of foundation ditch excavation to the pile foundation bearing state of existing high-speed railway. The test device for simulating the pile foundation can simulate the influence on the bearing state of different existing loaded pile foundations, for example, the test device can simulate the influence of pile group soil extrusion on the bearing state of the existing bridge pile foundation; for example, the test device can simulate the influence of foundation pit excavation on the bearing state of the existing building pile foundation. The test device can effectively acquire the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in the disturbance mode, and the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation is obtained. For convenience of explanation, the following description will be given by taking a test apparatus as an example to simulate the influence of soil squeezing of a pile group on the bearing state of a pile foundation of an existing high-speed rail.
In some embodiments, as shown in conjunction with figures 1 and 2, the assay device 1 comprises: model box 10, load-bearing pile model 20, lateral deformation simulation system 30 and detection device 40. Model box 10 is equipped with soil body 11, and model box 10 is used for filling soil body 11 and carries out the analogue test of pile foundation disturbance, and in order to guarantee experimental security, the box of model box 10 need select for use the material of high strength, avoids the test process to cause the damage of box, selects for use specific structure to the special position of model box 10 simultaneously, can avoid the waste of resource, effectively reduces manufacturing cost. Exemplarily, the mold box 10 can be a box body formed by welding high-strength steel plates, the bottom and the right side plate 12 of the mold box 10 can adopt thickened integral steel plates to meet the strength requirement of the test, the rest surfaces of the mold box 10 can adopt the hollowed-out steel plates 13 as panels to save resources, in order to prevent the soil body 11 from overflowing from the mold box 10, and meanwhile, the test condition inside the mold box 10 can be conveniently observed, the toughened glass 14 is fixedly installed at the hollowed-out part of the hollowed-out steel plates 13, the thickness of the integral steel plates and the hollowed-out size of the hollowed-out steel plates 13 are determined according to the actual condition.
The bearing pile model 20 is used for simulating the bearing state of the existing pile foundation, and through carrying out a simulation test on the bearing pile model 20, the data of the stress and the deformation of the bearing pile model 20 in the disturbance mode are effectively obtained, so that the bearing state response rule of the existing bearing pile model 20 is obtained. The specific load-bearing pile model 20 may have a variety of structures, and the pile sinking structures set for different test simulation objects are also different, for example, the load-bearing pile model 20 may be a pile group platform, and the load-bearing pile model 20 may also be a pile plate structure. In order to ensure that the test is restored to the actual field condition, at least part of the bearing pile model 20 is buried in the soil 11, specifically, it can be understood that the bearing pile model 20 is divided into a bearing pile and a bearing table top, the bearing pile is buried in the soil and plays a role of fixing the bearing pile model 20, and the bearing table top can be partially or completely located above the soil 11 and is used for receiving the top load transmitted above the bearing pile model 20 and transmitting the received top load to the bearing column. In an actual field environment, the volume size of the load-bearing pile is related to the weight carried by the load-bearing pile, and in a test, the specific size of the load-bearing pile model 20 may be converted according to actual conditions or adjusted according to actual requirements, which is not limited herein.
It should be noted that, during the test, the top load needs to be applied on the load-bearing pile model 20, and any way of applying the top load on the load-bearing pile model 20 meets the requirement of the present application. Illustratively, by adopting a manual applying method, according to the size of the top load to be applied to the load-bearing pile model 20 in the test, the object with the corresponding weight is conveyed to the load-bearing pile model 20, and specifically, bricks with the corresponding weight can be conveyed to be placed above the load-bearing pile model 20 as the top load. In order to accurately control the magnitude of the top load and facilitate adjustment of the magnitude of the top load, a pile top loading system 50 may be used to apply the top load above the load-bearing pile model 20, and the specific structure will be described in detail below and will not be described herein again.
The lateral deformation simulation system 30 is disposed in the model box 10 and located on at least one side of the soil mass 11, and the lateral deformation simulation system 30 can displace at least a portion of the soil mass. The lateral displacement of foundation soil caused by pile group soil extrusion and foundation pit excavation is a main factor for disturbing the existing pile foundation, and the lateral deformation simulation system 30 is used for simulating the lateral displacement of foundation soil caused by pile group soil extrusion or foundation pit excavation, acquiring the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode, and acquiring the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation.
It should be noted that, in actual field construction, there is a situation that multiple sides of an existing pile foundation simultaneously develop a new construction, therefore, in a simulation test, multiple sets of lateral deformation simulation systems 30 should be arranged in the model box 10, the multiple sets of lateral deformation simulation systems 30 are located on multiple sides of the soil body 11, a specific working principle of each side is the same, and for convenience of description, a situation that a new construction is developed on a single side of an existing pile foundation is selected for description. The lateral deformation simulation system 30 is disposed in the model box 10 and located at one side of the soil body 11, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 can displace a part of the soil body 11, and any device capable of displacing one side of the soil body 11 meets the requirements of the present application. For example, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 may include a motor and a threaded rod, and the motor rotates to push the threaded rod to move, so that the threaded rod drives the soil 11 to displace. For example, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 may also include a hydraulic jack, and the lifting of the hydraulic jack is controlled to displace the soil 11. The offset of the soil mass 11 at different positions is different, and the offset of the soil mass 11 can be determined according to actual conditions. For example, the numerical model can be used for simulating the processes of pile group soil extrusion and foundation pit excavation, the lateral displacement distribution condition and the specific offset dimension of the soil body 11 under various types and multiple processes are obtained, and the related data are input into the lateral deformation simulation system 30, so that the test is carried out, and the lateral loading and unloading state of the foundation soil adjacent to the pile foundation can be effectively reduced.
The detection device 40 is fixed on the surface of the load-bearing pile model 20 and is used for acquiring the stress and deformation of the load-bearing pile model 20. In order to obtain the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation, the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in the disturbance mode need to be effectively acquired. The detecting device 40 may include a plurality of strain gauges 41 and a plurality of pressure sensors 42. The plurality of strain gauges 41 are attached to the side face of the bearing pile in advance and used for monitoring deformation and bending moment of a pile body, the arrangement positions and the arrangement number of the strain gauges 41 are not limited, actual requirements are met, and the number of the strain gauges 41 can be increased in order to increase detection accuracy. The pressure sensors 42 are arranged at the pile bottom position and used for monitoring the pressure of the pile end, the pile sinking structures are different according to the difference of test simulation objects, when the bearing pile model 20 is a pile group bearing platform, the pressure sensors are arranged at the bottom of the bearing platform and used for detecting the pressure at the bottom of the bearing platform, and when the bearing pile model 20 is a pile plate structure, the pressure sensors 42 are arranged at the pile plate connecting position and used for detecting the pressure at the pile plate connecting position. And collecting and analyzing data of relevant stress and deformation of the positions where the pressure sensor 42 and the strain gauge 41 are installed, so as to obtain a bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation.
The embodiment of the invention provides a test device for simulating a pile foundation, which comprises: the device comprises a model box, a bearing pile model, a lateral deformation simulation system and a detection device. The model box is provided with a soil body, at least part of the bearing pile model is embedded in the soil body, the lateral deformation simulation system is arranged in the model box and is positioned on at least one side of the soil body, the lateral deformation simulation system can enable at least part of the soil body to generate displacement, and the detection device is fixed on the surface of the bearing pile model and used for acquiring the stress and deformation of the bearing pile model. The lateral deformation simulation system can effectively simulate the disturbance of the excavation of an adjacent pile foundation, the disturbance of the lateral displacement of various soil bodies such as the soil extrusion of the pile foundation and the like, the lateral loading and unloading state of the adjacent pile foundation is reduced, the stress and deformation data of the existing pile foundation in a disturbance mode are effectively obtained, and the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation is obtained.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, lateral deformation simulation system 30 includes a plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 and a barrier curtain 32. One end of each horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is fixed on the model box 10, the blocking curtain 32 is connected with the model box 10 and is positioned between each horizontal loading and unloading device 31 and the soil body 11, and the blocking curtain 32 is used for improving the continuity of the deviation of the horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 to the soil body 11. Lateral deformation analog system 30's effect is the foundation soil lateral displacement that arouses when simulating crowd's stake crowded soil or foundation ditch excavation, a plurality of levels add uninstallation device 31 and arrange on model case 10, specifically be fixed in on right side board 12, specific arrangement form does not restrict, can be regular matrix form, also can be irregular form, the level adds the different positions that uninstallation device 31 is fixed, the offset of its jacking is different, in order to satisfy multiple offset type, the offset of the jacking of every level adds uninstallation device 31 can be controlled alone, specifically decide according to actual demand. The influence scope that the level adds uninstallation device 31 soil body 11 and produces can't satisfy experimental demand, need increase the separation curtain 32, and the separation curtain 32 can be for any device or structure that can improve the level and add uninstallation device 31 and produce the continuity of skew to soil body 11, makes soil body 11 produce the skew of continuity through the separation curtain 32 to make the test device be close to on-the-spot actual conditions more, with the precision of assurance test. Illustratively, the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is a hydraulic jack, and the blocking curtain 32 is a structure or material which has certain strength and can deform, wherein the strength is understood as that the blocking curtain 32 can move along with the jacking of the hydraulic jack without being damaged, such as special rubber. Illustratively, the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is a hydraulic jack, and the barrier curtain 32 is a metal connecting sheet.
It should be noted that the jacking of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 inevitably drives the blocking curtain 32 to move along with the jacking, and when the jacking offset is small, the blocking curtain 32 can deform depending on the particularity of the material to adapt to the jacking of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31. For the case that the jacking offset is large or the blocking curtain 32 is made of metal material and is not easy to deform, the blocking curtain 32 needs to have sufficient margin, where the margin can be understood as that the contact area of the blocking curtain 32 and the soil 11 is the smallest when the blocking curtain 32 is in a vertical state, and when the blocking curtain 32 is jacked by the horizontal loading and unloading device 31, the blocking curtain 32 does not keep the original plane and becomes a curved surface, so that the contact area of the blocking curtain 32 and the soil 11 is increased, and in order to ensure that the blocking curtain 32 is in complete contact with the soil 11, the area of the blocking curtain 32 needs to be increased to meet the increased area, which is called margin, the jacking degree of each horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is different, and the margin is provided in the height direction and the horizontal direction, for example, the surplus blocking curtain 32 is provided at the top of the model box 10 and is not in contact with the soil, and the surplus blocking curtain 32 is provided in the horizontal direction of the model box 10 and does not contact with the soil. The arrangement of the allowance avoids the direct contact between the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 and the soil body 11. The judgment of the specific jacking offset amount can be determined according to actual conditions.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, in order to make the test closer to the actual situation, the blocking curtain 32 may be divided, and the blocking curtain 32 includes a plurality of pressure bearing sheets 321, and a movable connection is provided between two adjacent pressure bearing sheets 321. Specifically, the blocking curtain 32 includes a plurality of bearing pieces 321 in the vertical direction, and two adjacent bearing pieces 321 are movably connected to meet the requirement that the lifting offset degree of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 at different heights is different in the vertical direction. The blocking curtain 32 further comprises a plurality of bearing pieces 321 arranged in the horizontal direction, and two adjacent bearing pieces 321 are movably connected with each other to meet the requirement that the lifting offset degree of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is different in different vertical directions at the same height. The shape and size of the pressure-bearing sheet 321 are not limited, and may be any shape and size, for example, the pressure-bearing sheet 321 is a rectangular metal sheet. The connection relationship between two adjacent bearing plates 321 is not limited, and for example, the two bearing plates may be connected by a hinge 322, or may be connected by rubber, where the rubber may be slightly deformed under the condition of a force.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 further comprises a sealing device 33 for preventing the soil mass 11 from passing between the adjacent bearing sheets 321. Specifically, a gap exists between any adjacent pressure bearing sheets 321, when the barrier curtain 32 extrudes the soil body 11, the soil body 11 passes through the adjacent pressure bearing sheets 321 and falls into the lateral deformation simulation system 30, which affects the later maintenance of the test device 1 and causes the reduction of the test precision. The lateral deformation simulation system 30 further includes a sealing device 33 for preventing the soil mass 11 from passing between the adjacent bearing plates 321, and any device or structure capable of preventing the soil mass 11 from passing between the adjacent bearing plates 321 is satisfactory. For example, a rubber material may be filled between the adjacent pressure-bearing sheets 321, so as to prevent the soil 11 from passing through between the adjacent pressure-bearing sheets 321. For example, a silicone rubber skin may be sealed on the side surface of the blocking curtain 32, and further to prevent the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 from contacting with the blocking curtain 32 to cause damage to the silicone rubber skin, the silicone rubber skin may be sealed on the side where the blocking curtain 32 contacts with the soil 11, so as to prevent the silicone rubber skin from directly contacting with the horizontal loading and unloading device 31. Further, in order to reduce the frictional resistance between the barrier curtain 32 and the soil body 11, lubricating oil can be coated on the surface of the silicone rubber skin.
In some embodiments, and referring to fig. 1 and 3, the horizontal unloading devices 31 at the same height are offset by the same amount, and the lateral deformation simulation system 30 further includes a reel 34, the reel 34 is fixed to one end of the model box 10 in the height direction, and one end of the barrier curtain 32 is fixed to the reel 34. Specifically, the processes of pile-group soil extrusion and foundation pit excavation are simulated through a numerical model, after a multi-type and multi-process soil body lateral displacement distribution state is obtained, aiming at the condition that the offset of the horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 located at the same height is the same, therefore, the condition of curved surfaces cannot occur in the horizontal direction, no allowance needs to be set in the horizontal direction, in different height directions, the offset of the horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 is different, therefore, the condition of curved surfaces can occur in the height direction, and the allowance needs to be set in the height direction, therefore, the barrier curtain 32 is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing pieces 321 in the vertical direction, the pressure-bearing pieces 321 are rectangular metal pieces, two adjacent pressure-bearing pieces 321 are connected through hinges 322 and can freely rotate with each other, the vertical direction is the width direction of the pressure-bearing pieces 321, the length of the pressure-bearing pieces 321 is approximately the same as the width of the model box 10, and approximately the deviation can be understood as no more than 10 cm. To facilitate the use and recovery of the barrier curtain 32, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 further includes a reel 34, the reel 34 being fixed to one end of the model box 10 in the height direction, the reel 34 being rotatable with respect to the model box 10. One end of the barrier curtain 32 is secured to a roller 34. Specifically, in the first case, the roller 34 is fixed to the top of the mold box 10, one end of the barrier curtain 32 is fixed to the roller 34, and the rotation of the roller 34 can drive the barrier curtain 32 to rotate. In the second case, the roller 34 is fixed to the bottom of the mold box 10, and one end of the barrier curtain 32 is fixed to the roller 34, and rotation of the roller 34 also causes the barrier curtain 32 to rotate. The operation of the two cases is the same, and for the sake of illustration, the spool 34 is hereinafter illustrated as being fixed to the top of the mold box 10.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 further includes a fixing base 35, the fixing base 35 being mounted to the mold box 10 at the end opposite to the end to which the winding shaft 34 is fixed, and the blocking curtain 32 being connected to the fixing base 35 at the end opposite to the end to which the winding shaft 34 is fixed. The mounting positions of the fixing bases 35 and the winding shaft 34 are respectively installed at both ends of the model box 10, and for convenience of description, the fixing bases 35 are fixed to the top of the model box 10 and the bottom of the model box 10, respectively. Specifically, it can be understood that, in order to avoid the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 directly contacting the soil 11 and facilitate the separation curtain 32 to return to the position before the test after the test is completed, the lateral deformation simulation system 30 further includes a fixing seat 35, the fixing seat 35 is installed at the bottom of the model box 10, the other end of the separation curtain 32 opposite to the fixed end of the winding shaft 34 is connected to the fixing seat 35, the specific connection mode is not limited, and the separation curtain 32 can be fixedly connected, for example, the fixing seat 35 has a clamping groove to fix the separation curtain 32 in the clamping groove. The attachment may also be movable, for example, the holder 35 having an axle pin 351, as described in more detail below.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 4 is an enlarged view of portion a of fig. 3, in order to keep the bottom of the barrier curtain 32 connected to the bottom of the mold box 10 and to allow the barrier curtain 32 to rotate relative to the bottom of the mold box 10, thereby increasing the flexibility of movement of the barrier curtain 32, the holder 35 has a pivot pin 351, the barrier curtain 32 has a pull ring 323 at one end, and the pivot pin 351 can pass through the pull ring 323 to movably connect the barrier curtain 32 to the holder 35. Specifically, the fixing seat 35 has a shaft pin 351, the bottom of the blocking curtain 32 in the vertical direction is provided with a pull ring 323, the length of the shaft pin 351 is not limited, the pull ring 323 is sleeved in the shaft pin 351 and is not easy to fall off, and the size of the pull ring 323 is larger than that of the shaft pin 351, so that the pull ring 323 and the shaft pin 351 can rotate relatively, and the blocking curtain 32 can rotate relatively to the fixing seat 35.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 are fixed to the mold box 10, the plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal loading and unloading device group, and the plurality of horizontal loading and unloading device groups are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the mold box 10. Specifically, the plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction to form a horizontal loading and unloading device group, the number of the specific horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 at the same height is not limited, and the interval distance between any two adjacent horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 is not limited. A plurality of horizontal loading and unloading device groups are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the mold box 10. The specific arrangement number and the spacing distance in the height direction are not limited, and can be determined according to actual requirements. Illustratively, 3 horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 are arranged at the same height, 3 horizontal loading and unloading devices 31 form a horizontal loading and unloading device group, and three horizontal loading and unloading device groups are arranged in the height direction, so that an array arrangement is formed.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the end of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 contacting the barrier curtain 32 is provided with a pulley 311. Specifically, in the test process, the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 is lifted towards one side of the soil body 11, relative movement is generated between the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 and the blocking curtain 32, friction is generated between the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 and the blocking curtain 32 due to movement, and particularly when the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 moves between two adjacent pressure-bearing sheets 321, the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 risks being clamped in a gap between the two adjacent pressure-bearing sheets 321. The pulley 311 is disposed at one end of the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 contacting the barrier curtain 32, so that friction between the horizontal loading and unloading device 31 and the barrier curtain 32 is changed from sliding friction to rolling friction, and friction resistance is reduced, and meanwhile, the size of the pulley 311 should meet the requirement that no clamping stagnation exists between two adjacent pressure-bearing sheets 321, the specific size of the pulley 311 may be determined according to actual conditions, and the manufacturing material of the pulley 311 is also limited, for example, the pulley 311 may be a metal pulley.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, to facilitate adjustment of the top load above the load-bearing pile model 20, multiple top load loading types, such as static load and dynamic load, may be implemented at the same time. The test rig 1 further comprises a pile top loading system 50, the pile top loading system 50 being located above the load-bearing pile model 20 and being fixed to the model box 10 and being capable of applying a top load to the load-bearing pile model 20. Any mounting structure that is capable of performing the function of applying a top load by the pile top loading system 50 will meet the requirements of the present application, and the following description is only exemplary and is provided for reference. Illustratively, the pile top loading system 50 comprises a portal frame 51 and a vertical loading device 52, the portal frame 51 comprises a bearing top plate 511 and four bearing columns 512, the bearing top plate 511 is positioned above the four bearing columns 512 and fixed with the four bearing columns 512, fixing holes 5121 are arranged at the bottoms of the four bearing columns 512, screw holes 15 are arranged above the mold box 10, the fixing holes 5121 correspond to the screw holes 15, and the portal frame 51 is fixed at the upper part of the mold box 10 by bolts penetrating through the screw holes 15 and the fixing holes 5121. The size of the gantry 51 is not limited, for example, the length of the gantry 51 may be half of the length of the mold box 10, and the width of the gantry 51 corresponds to the width of the mold box 10. The vertical loading means 52 comprises a hydraulic jack 521 and a hydraulic pump 522, where the hydraulic jack 521 is identical to the hydraulic jack described above, and only the position is different. One end of the hydraulic jack 521 is fixed on the lower side of the bearing top plate 511, the other end of the hydraulic jack 521 is in contact with the upper surface of the bearing pile model 20, the hydraulic pump 522 is connected with the hydraulic jack 521 through an oil pipe, the hydraulic jack 521 is pumped by the hydraulic pump 522, the hydraulic jack 521 lifts downwards to apply lifting pressure to the bearing pile model 20, and the specific force application size can be determined according to actual requirements.
The present embodiment provides an operation method, which is suitable for a test apparatus for simulating a pile foundation as shown in any one of fig. 1 to 5. Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an operation method of a test apparatus for simulating a pile foundation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the flow of the operation method includes:
The lateral deformation simulation system is installed in a model box, soil is filled in a space between the lateral deformation simulation system and the model box, and a bearing pile model which is attached with a strain gauge in advance and is provided with a pressure sensor is buried in the soil.
And 2, inputting relevant parameters of the test.
After the lateral displacement distribution state of soil under multiple types and multiple processes is obtained based on the numerical model simulation pile group soil squeezing or foundation pit excavation process, a working condition is selected, corresponding type top loads are applied to the bearing pile models, and the lateral deformation simulation system is controlled to be loaded through the control module.
And 3, acquiring the stress and deformation of the bearing pile model.
All monitoring data in the simulation test process of the lateral loading and unloading state of the foundation soil adjacent to the pile foundation are continuously collected through the control module, the monitoring data comprise pile end pressure, deformation, bending moment and the like of a pile body, and bearing state data of a bearing pile model can be obtained through further calculation, wherein the bearing state data comprise internal force of the pile, pile side frictional resistance and pile end pressure.
And 4, adjusting the test device to obtain the stress and deformation of the multiple groups of bearing pile models.
And (4) repeating the steps 1 to 3 to obtain the existing pile foundation bearing state data under the lateral loading and unloading state of the multi-foundation soil, and obtaining the bearing state response rule of the existing pile foundation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for simulating a pile foundation, comprising:
a mold box filled with soil;
the bearing pile model is at least partially embedded in the soil body;
the lateral deformation simulation system is arranged in the model box and is positioned on at least one side of the soil body, and can enable at least part of the soil body to displace;
and the detection device is fixed on the surface of the bearing pile model and used for acquiring the stress and the deformation of the bearing pile model.
2. The testing device of claim 1, wherein the lateral deformation simulation system comprises:
a plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices, one ends of which are fixed on the model box;
and the blocking curtain is connected with the model box and positioned between each horizontal loading and unloading device and the soil body, and is used for improving the continuity of deviation of the horizontal loading and unloading devices to the soil body.
3. The testing device of claim 2, wherein the barrier curtain comprises a plurality of bearing pieces, and the bearing pieces are movably connected with each other.
4. The testing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the lateral deformation simulation system further comprises a sealing device to prevent the soil mass from passing between adjacent bearing sheets.
5. The test rig according to claim 3, wherein the horizontal loading and unloading devices at the same height are offset by the same amount, the lateral deformation simulation system further comprising:
and the winding shaft is fixed at one end of the model box in the height direction, and one end of the barrier curtain is fixed on the winding shaft.
6. The test device of claim 5, wherein the lateral deformation simulation system further comprises:
and the fixed seat is arranged at the other end of the model box opposite to the end fixed with the scroll, and the other end of the barrier curtain opposite to the end fixed with the scroll is connected with the fixed seat.
7. The testing device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the holder has a shaft pin, and the blocking curtain has a pull ring at one end, and the shaft pin can pass through the pull ring to movably connect the blocking curtain with the holder.
8. The testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the horizontal loading and unloading devices are fixed to the mold box, the plurality of horizontal loading and unloading devices are arranged at intervals in a horizontal direction to form a horizontal loading and unloading device group, and the plurality of horizontal loading and unloading device groups are arranged at intervals in a height direction of the mold box.
9. The testing device according to claim 8, wherein the end of the horizontal loading and unloading device contacting the barrier curtain is provided with a pulley.
10. The test rig of claim 1, further comprising a pile top loading system positioned above the load-bearing pile model and secured to the mold box capable of applying a top load to the load-bearing pile model.
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Cited By (1)
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