CN107144472B - Multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system and test method - Google Patents
Multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107144472B CN107144472B CN201710427530.8A CN201710427530A CN107144472B CN 107144472 B CN107144472 B CN 107144472B CN 201710427530 A CN201710427530 A CN 201710427530A CN 107144472 B CN107144472 B CN 107144472B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system and a test method, which belong to the field of geotechnical engineering tests. The invention can realize accurate simulation and mechanical test of surrounding rock pressure and deformation of multi-shape, multi-scale and multi-type supporting structures, and has the advantages of wide application range, high test precision, small occupied space, low manufacturing cost, long service life and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering test, in particular to a multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system and a test method.
Background
With the development of the economic society in China, underground mines, tunnels, subways, hydropower chambers and the like are increasingly built, the depth is continuously increased, more projects are in severe geological conditions, and supporting problems faced therewith are also increasingly outstanding. Such as large deformation of soft rock, high ground pressure, difficult support and the like. In this context, more and more forms of support are being applied in the field, such as i-steel arches, U-steel arches, concrete-filled steel tube arches, grid steel frames, concrete arch supports, etc. The mechanical properties of the support structure have a significant impact on the final stability of the surrounding rock on site and the safety of engineering. The development of the mechanical test is an important research means for grasping the mechanical property of the supporting structure, can clearly determine the mechanical property of the supporting structure, reveal the failure mechanism of the supporting structure and optimize the design parameters of the supporting structure, and has great significance on engineering safety.
The conventional hydraulic oil cylinder is generally adopted in the existing test system, and part of the loading oil cylinder can retract passively under the condition of maintaining a pressure value in the loading process due to structural reasons of test objects, which is obviously different from the actual condition of the site, because the deformation of the surrounding rock of the site is unidirectional and irreversible. In addition, the size of the test arch frame is limited by the size of the peripheral counterforce structure and the specification of the oil cylinder, and only structural tests with specific or similar sizes can be carried out; meanwhile, when the arch centering is pressurized through the peripheral oil cylinder, the original vertical state between the axis of the oil cylinder and the axis of the arch centering cannot be maintained due to deformation of the arch centering, so that not only can the accuracy of a test be affected to a certain extent, but also the hydraulic oil cylinder can be damaged to a certain extent, and the service life of the hydraulic oil cylinder is shortened; in addition, the current similar test system generally places the loading oil cylinder at the periphery of the arch frame, and a huge peripheral reaction structure is needed, so that a large amount of laboratory space is occupied, the construction cost is high, the labor and the effort are wasted, and the principle of high precision, high efficiency and low cost is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system and a test method, which can accurately simulate the deformation and pressure behavior of surrounding rock, improve the test precision, reduce the occupied space of the test system, reduce the manufacturing cost, prolong the service life of the test system and make the test system maximally utilized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: many shapes many ratios surrounding rock pressure simulation test system, its characterized in that: the hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a bottom plate capable of adjusting the position of the oil cylinder, wherein the bottom plate consists of a concrete foundation and a steel plate; pouring a concrete foundation on a foundation, and reinforcing by anchor piles; the steel plate is positioned on the concrete foundation and provides counter force with the concrete foundation for the oil cylinder, and the steel plate is provided with bolt holes for fixing and adjusting the position of the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder is a check oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate through an oil cylinder base, the oil cylinder base is fixed with the bottom plate through flange connection, and the position of the check oil cylinder can be adjusted according to test requirements.
In order to realize the multi-shape adjusting function, the further technical scheme is as follows: the non-return oil cylinder is connected with the chain through an end hinge, and the loading mode simulates the surrounding rock pressure by the tension of the chain; in order to protect the non-return oil cylinder, only vertical tension is applied to the non-return oil cylinder, and the force transmission direction of the chain is changed through the gear set; the gear set consists of two gears which turn on the same straight line, the gears close to the oil cylinder are fixed in the loading bin, so that the direction of the chain is consistent with the vertical central line of the check oil cylinder, the gears close to the test object are fixed on the upper bottom plate, the position of each gear set is required to keep the direction of the chain horizontal with the central line of the test object, and the test object is a U-shaped arch in the embodiment. In particular, when the loading test object is round, the gear is fixed by adopting a combined bracket because the gear is fixed by a no-back wall near a part of the non-return cylinder. The combined support is a steel support, the support base and the oil cylinder-support base are fixed on the bottom plate to provide supporting counter force for the gears, the height of the gears on the combined support is the same as that of the gears, which are close to the test object, on the moment, the check oil cylinder using the combined support to fix the gears can meet the test requirement only by one gear.
In order to ensure the test precision, the further technical scheme is as follows: the force sensor is arranged between a test object and a gear close to the test object, the tension force born by the force sensor is the force born by the test object, the force sensor is connected with the loading pull ring through a chain and a chain connector, the loading pull ring is a steel pull ring, and the loading pull ring is sleeved on the test object; in order to disperse the acting force of the loading pull ring on the contact area of the test object, reduce the stress concentration degree generated on the test object in the loading process, simulate the action of surrounding rock on site more truly, and place a rubber backing plate between the loading pull ring and the test object; in order to prevent the loading pull ring and the rubber backing plate from moving in the test process, a limiting block is welded on a test object to restrict the rubber backing plate; because in the test process, the test object can generate larger deformation, in order to meet the test precision requirement, a stay wire type displacement meter is adopted, the stay wire type displacement meter is fixed on the outer side of the test object, and the displacement line is fixed at the stress position of the test object.
In order to prevent deformation outside the plane when the test object is loaded, the further technical scheme is as follows: the upper bottom plate is provided with limiting blocking beams which are uniformly distributed along the test object and are composed of upper blocking beams and lower blocking beams which are arranged up and down and are parallel to each other, the upper blocking beams and the lower blocking beams are connected together through blocking beam columns, and the limiting blocking beams fix the test object between the upper blocking beams and the lower blocking beams; the blocking beam column is a threaded steel bar, the upper blocking beam and the lower blocking beam are adjusted and fixed through nuts, and the blocking beam column is fixed in the reserved hole; the preformed holes are a plurality of deep holes arranged on the upper bottom plate, and are formed by pre-buried steel pipes when concrete is poured.
In order to realize the multi-scale adjusting function, the further technical scheme is as follows: according to the test requirement, the position of the limiting stop beam is changed by adjusting the position of the stop beam column, so that a multi-scale structure test is realized; the upper bottom plate is provided with arch foot constraint rails for providing counter force for the test object, the arch foot constraint rails are L-shaped steel blocks, the arch foot constraint rails are positioned at two ends of the test object and are in contact with arch feet of the test object, and the arch foot constraint rails are fixed and adjusted in position through reserved holes.
In order to ensure safety, the further technical scheme is as follows: after the arrangement of the loading bin test device is completed, the cross beam is placed at the opening of the loading bin, and then the cover plate is placed on the cross beam, wherein the cross beam consists of a plurality of square woods, so that the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; the apron be the independent steel sheet of piece, for making the chain pass the apron, the apron edge has the square groove of reservation, in addition, according to experimental demand, when carrying out circular arch test, need adjust the position that keeps off the roof beam, so still have the preformed hole on the apron to install spacing fender roof beam, only need keep off the roof beam post to install in the preformed hole of apron during the use can.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems of the invention also comprises the following steps: a test method comprising the steps of:
step (1): calculating the position of the lower blocking beam according to the size of the test object and the position of the gear;
step (2): all the lower baffle beams are arranged at the same horizontal height to form an operation platform;
step (3): assembling a test object on the operation platform, and placing the test object at a designated position;
step (4): installing an upper blocking beam, and limiting a test object in a plane so that the test object can only move and deform in the plane;
step (5): fixing the check cylinder at a designated position of a bottom plate, adjusting the state of the check cylinder to meet the test requirement, connecting one end of the check cylinder with one end of a chain through an end hinge, placing the chain on a gear, and covering a cover plate;
step (6): the other end of the chain is connected with a force sensor, the force sensor is connected with the loading pull ring through another section of chain and a chain connector, and a rubber backing plate is placed between the loading pull ring and the outer side of the test object;
step (7): arranging a sensor on a test system, wherein the sensor comprises a displacement sensor and a strain sensor, the displacement sensor adopts a stay wire type displacement meter, the displacement meter is arranged on the outer side of a test object, the strain sensor adopts a strain gauge, and the strain gauge is stuck to the test object according to the requirement;
step (8): the force sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the data acquisition system, the strain gauge is connected with the strain gauge, and the data acquisition system and the strain gauge form a monitoring system;
step (9): opening a monitoring system to perform preloading, and applying a load which is not more than 3% of the estimated breaking load through a preloading control system;
step (10): the load and displacement of the check cylinder are controlled, a test object is loaded, the test is started, and the loading concrete operation method comprises the following steps: can adopt a monotonic pressurizing mode, and the load is less than 0.9Q max At a loading rate of 0.02Q max Per 0.1Q per minute max Pressure maintaining is carried out for 1min, and load is more than 0.9Q max At a loading rate of 0.005, 0.005Q max Per 0.05Q per minute max Maintaining the pressure for 1min, wherein Q max The limit load is estimated;
step (11): in the test process, according to the actual conditions of surrounding rock deformation and pressure which are simulated as required, all the non-return cylinders synchronously act or non-synchronously act through a loading control system;
step (12): in the test process, real-time observation is carried out, stress, strain and deformation conditions of a test object are collected, and corresponding data materials are stored;
step (13): when the test object is broken, unstable, deformed and the like and cannot continue to bear load, stopping loading, closing the monitoring system and ending the test;
step (14): and obtaining the mechanical characteristics such as the bearing capacity, the overall rigidity and the like of the test object and the deformation damage mechanism according to the monitoring results such as the load, the displacement, the strain and the like acquired by the monitoring system and the deformation damage condition of the test object.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. deformation and pressure behaviors of surrounding rock can be accurately simulated, a mechanical experiment is carried out, and the test precision is improved;
2. the bottom of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom plate through a flange, and the position of the oil cylinder can be adjusted according to the test requirement, so that the surrounding rock pressure simulation test of arches in different shapes, namely, the oil cylinder is in a multi-shape, such as a straight wall semicircle, a round shape, a semicircle reverse bottom arch shape and a horseshoe shape;
3. the loading radius can be changed by adjusting the length of the chain, and the arch centering is fixed at the corresponding position of the arch centering constraint track, so that the surrounding rock pressure simulation experiment of the arch centering with different sizes, namely a multi-scale, can be realized;
4. the oil cylinder is arranged in the loading bin and is positioned outside the plane of the arch frame, a huge peripheral counter-force structure is not needed, the occupied space of a test system is reduced, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and a larger operation radius can be provided;
5. the oil cylinder is vertically arranged, tension is transmitted through the chain, and the loading mode replaces the pressure of the oil cylinder of the existing test system with the tension of the chain. The chain shaft force is centered with the axis of the oil cylinder, and the chain only transmits the shaft force and does not transmit bending moment, so that the oil cylinder only receives vertical tension, thereby being beneficial to protecting the oil cylinder and prolonging the service life of the oil cylinder;
6. the device can be used for carrying out mechanical tests of supporting structures such as U-shaped steel arches, I-shaped steel arches, steel tube concrete arches, grid steel frames, concrete arches and the like, and has wide application range.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be described below.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a section view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 shows a stopper Liang Xiangtu.
In the figure: the test device comprises a test object 1, a force sensor 2, a pull wire 3, a pull wire displacement meter 4, a limit block 5, a rubber backing plate 6, a blocking beam column 7, a limit blocking beam 8, a gear support 9, a preformed hole 10, a chain connector 11, an arch foot constraint track 12, a loading bin 13, a cover plate 14, a cross beam 15, a gear 16, a chain 17, a loading pull ring 18, a bolt 19, an end hinge 20, a non-return cylinder 21, a bottom plate 22, an upper bottom plate 23, an anchor pile 24, a foundation 25, a cylinder base 26, a combined support 27, a support base 28 and a support base 28.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock pressure simulation test system is characterized in that: the hydraulic oil cylinder comprises a bottom plate 21 with the position of an oil cylinder adjustable, wherein the bottom plate 21 consists of a concrete foundation and a steel plate; the concrete foundation is poured on the foundation 24 and reinforced by anchor piles 23; the steel plate is positioned on the concrete foundation and provides counter force with the concrete foundation for the oil cylinder, and the steel plate is provided with bolt holes for fixing and adjusting the position of the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder is a check oil cylinder 20, the bottom of the oil cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate 21 through an oil cylinder base 25, the oil cylinder base 25 is fixed with the bottom plate 21 through flange connection, and the position of the check oil cylinder 20 can be adjusted according to test requirements.
In order to realize the multi-shape adjusting function, the further technical scheme is as follows: the non-return cylinder 20 is connected with the chain 16 through an end hinge 19, and the loading mode simulates the surrounding rock pressure by the tension of the chain 16; to protect the check cylinder 20 from vertical tension, the force transmission direction of the chain is changed through the gear set; the gear set consists of two gears 15 turning on the same straight line, the gears 15 close to the oil cylinder are fixed in the loading bin 12, so that the direction of the chain 16 is consistent with the vertical central line of the check oil cylinder 20, the gears 15 close to the test object 1 are fixed on the upper bottom plate 22, and each gear 15 set is positioned so that the direction of the chain 16 is kept horizontal with the central line of the test object 1, and the test object 1 is a U-shaped arch in the embodiment. In particular, when the loading test object 1 is circular, the gear 15 is fixed by the joint bracket 26 because the gear 15 is fixed by the no-back wall near the partial check cylinder 20. The combined support 26 is a steel support, and is fixed on the bottom plate 21 by a support base 27 and an oil cylinder-support base 28, so as to provide supporting reaction force for the gear 15, the height of the gear on the combined support 26 is the same as that of the gear of the upper bottom plate, which is close to a test object, and at the moment, the check oil cylinder 20 using the combined support 26 to fix the gear can meet the test requirement only by one gear 15.
In order to ensure the test precision, the further technical scheme is as follows: the force sensor 2 is arranged between the test object 1 and the gear 15 close to the test object 1, the tension force born by the force sensor 2 is the force born by the test object 1, the force sensor 2 is connected with the loading pull ring 17 through the chain 16 and the chain connector 10, the loading pull ring 17 is a steel pull ring, and the loading pull ring 17 is sleeved on the test object 1; in order to disperse the acting force of the loading pull ring 17 on the contact area of the test object, reduce the stress concentration degree generated on the test object 1 in the loading process, simulate the action of surrounding rock on site more truly, and place a rubber backing plate 5 between the loading pull ring 17 and the test object 1; in order to prevent the loading pull ring 17 and the rubber backing plate 5 from moving in the test process, a limiting block 4 is welded on the test object 1 to restrict the rubber backing plate 5; in the test process, the test object 1 can generate larger deformation, and in order to meet the test precision requirement, the pull-wire type displacement meter 3 is adopted, the pull-wire type displacement meter 3 is fixed on the outer side of the test object, and the displacement line is fixed at the stress position of the test object 1.
In order to prevent deformation of the test object 1 outside the plane during loading, the further technical scheme is as follows: the upper bottom plate 22 is provided with limiting blocking beams 7, the limiting blocking beams 7 are uniformly distributed along the test object 1 and are composed of upper blocking beams and lower blocking beams which are arranged up and down and are parallel to each other, the upper blocking beams and the lower blocking beams are connected together through blocking beam columns 6, and the limiting blocking beams 7 fix the test object 1 between the upper blocking beams and the lower blocking beams; the beam blocking column 6 is a threaded steel bar, an upper beam blocking column and a lower beam blocking column are adjusted and fixed through nuts, and the beam blocking column 6 is fixed in the reserved hole 9; the preformed holes 9 are deep holes arranged on the upper bottom plate 22, and the preformed holes 9 are formed by pre-buried steel pipes when concrete is poured.
In order to realize the multi-scale adjusting function, the further technical scheme is as follows: according to the test requirement, the position of the limiting stop beam 7 is changed by adjusting the position of the stop beam column 6, so that a multi-scale structure test is realized; the upper bottom plate 22 is provided with arch foot constraint rails 11 for providing counter force for the test object 1, the arch foot constraint rails 11 are L-shaped steel blocks, the arch foot constraint rails 11 are positioned at two ends of the test object 1 and are in contact with arch feet of the test object 1, and the arch foot constraint rails 11 are fixed and adjusted in position through the reserved holes 9.
In order to ensure safety, the further technical scheme is as follows: after the test device of the loading bin 12 is arranged, the cross beam 14 is placed at the opening of the loading bin, and then the cover plate 13 is placed on the cross beam, wherein the cross beam 14 consists of a plurality of square woods, so that the disassembly and the assembly are convenient; the cover plate 12 is 8 independent steel plates, in order to enable the chain 16 to pass through the cover plate 13, a reserved square groove is formed in the edge of the cover plate 13, in addition, according to test requirements, when a circular arch test is carried out, the position of the limiting stop beam 7 is required to be adjusted, so that the cover plate 13 is provided with the reserved hole 9 so as to install the limiting stop beam 7, and when the circular arch test is used, the stop beam column 6 is only required to be installed in the reserved hole 9 of the cover plate 13.
The test method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
step (1): calculating the position of the lower baffle beam according to the size of the test object 1 and the position of the gear 15;
step (2): all the lower baffle beams are arranged at the same horizontal height to form an operation platform;
step (3): assembling the test object 1 on the operation platform, and placing the test object 1 at a specified position;
step (4): installing an upper blocking beam, and limiting the test object 1 in a plane so that the test object can only move and deform in the plane;
step (5): the check cylinder 20 is fixed at a designated position of the bottom plate 21, the state of the check cylinder 20 is adjusted to meet the test requirement, the check cylinder is connected with one end of the chain 16 through the end hinge 19, the chain 16 is placed on the gear 15, and the cover plate 13 is covered;
step (6): the other end of the chain 16 is connected with the force sensor 2, the force sensor 2 is connected with the loading pull ring 17 through the other chain 16 and the chain connector 10, and the rubber backing plate 5 is placed between the loading pull ring 17 and the outer side of the test object 1;
step (7): the sensor is arranged on the test system and comprises a displacement sensor and a strain sensor, wherein the displacement sensor adopts a stay wire type displacement meter 3, the displacement meter is arranged on the outer side of a test object 1, the strain sensor adopts a strain gauge, and the strain gauge is stuck to the test object according to the requirement;
step (8): the force sensor 2 and the displacement sensor 3 are connected with a data acquisition system, the strain gauge is connected with a strain gauge, and the data acquisition system and the strain gauge form a monitoring system;
step (9): opening a monitoring system to perform preloading, and applying a load which is not more than 3% of the estimated breaking load through a preloading control system;
step (10): the load and displacement of the check cylinder 20 are controlled, the test object 1 is loaded, the test is started, and the specific operation method of loading is as follows: can adopt a monotonic pressurizing mode, and the load is less than 0.9Q max At a loading rate of 0.02Q max Per 0.1Q per minute max Pressure maintaining is carried out for 1min, and load is more than 0.9Q max At a loading rate of 0.005, 0.005Q max Per 0.05Q per minute max Maintaining the pressure for 1min, wherein Q max The limit load is estimated;
step (11): in the test process, according to the actual conditions of surrounding rock deformation and pressure which are simulated as required, all the check cylinders 20 synchronously act or non-synchronously act through a loading control system;
step (12): in the test process, the stress, strain and deformation conditions of the test object 1 are observed in real time, and corresponding data materials are stored;
step (13): when the test object 1 is broken, unstable, deformed and the like and cannot continue to bear load, stopping loading, closing the monitoring system and ending the test;
step (14): and obtaining the mechanical characteristics such as the bearing capacity, the overall rigidity and the like and the deformation damage mechanism of the test object 1 according to the monitoring results such as the load, the displacement, the strain and the like acquired by the monitoring system and the deformation damage condition of the test object.
The one-way loading device adopted by the invention is not limited to the check cylinder in the embodiment, and other one-way loading devices such as a one-way cylinder or a one-way electric cylinder can be adopted.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Other technical features except the technical features described in the specification are transplanting techniques of those skilled in the art, and the above features are not described herein in detail for the sake of highlighting the innovative features of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The pressure simulation test method for the surrounding rock with multiple shapes and multiple scales is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the test system comprises a bottom plate with the position of the oil cylinder adjustable, wherein the bottom plate consists of a concrete foundation and a steel plate; pouring a concrete foundation on a foundation, and reinforcing by anchor piles; the steel plate is positioned on the concrete foundation and provides counter force with the concrete foundation for the oil cylinder, and the steel plate is provided with bolt holes for fixing and adjusting the position of the oil cylinder; the oil cylinder is a non-return oil cylinder, the oil cylinder is fixed on the bottom plate through an oil cylinder base, the oil cylinder base is fixed with the bottom plate through flange connection, the non-return oil cylinder can be adjusted in position according to test requirements, the non-return oil cylinder is connected with a chain through an end hinge, and the loading mode simulates surrounding rock pressure through the tensile force of the chain; in order to protect the non-return oil cylinder, only vertical tension is applied to the non-return oil cylinder, and the force transmission direction of the chain is changed through the gear set; the gear set consists of two gears turning on the same straight line, the gears close to the oil cylinder are fixed in the loading bin, so that the direction of a chain is consistent with the vertical central line of the check oil cylinder, the gears close to a test object are fixed on the upper bottom plate, the position of each gear set is used for keeping the direction of the chain horizontal with the central line of the test object, and when the loading test object is round, the gears are fixed by adopting a combined bracket because of no-reaction wall near the check oil cylinder; the combined support is a steel support and consists of a support base and an oil cylinder, wherein the support base is fixed on a bottom plate and provides supporting counter force for gears, the height of the gears on the combined support is the same as that of the gears, which are close to a test object, on the upper bottom plate, the check oil cylinder for fixing the gears by using the combined support can meet the test requirement only by using one gear, a force sensor is arranged between the test object and the gears, which are close to the test object, the tension force born by the force sensor is the force born by the test object, the force sensor is connected with a loading pull ring through a chain and a chain connector, the loading pull ring is a steel pull ring, and the loading pull ring is sleeved on the test object; in order to disperse the acting force of the loading pull ring on the contact area of the test object, reduce the stress concentration degree generated on the test object in the loading process, simulate the action of surrounding rock on site more truly, and place a rubber backing plate between the loading pull ring and the test object; in order to prevent the loading pull ring and the rubber backing plate from moving in the test process, a limiting block is welded on a test object to restrict the rubber backing plate; in the test process, a test object can generate larger deformation, and in order to meet the test precision requirement, a stay wire type displacement meter is adopted, the stay wire type displacement meter is fixed on the outer side of the test object, a displacement line is fixed at the stressed position of the test object, a limiting blocking beam is arranged on an upper bottom plate, the limiting blocking beam is uniformly distributed along the test object and consists of an upper blocking beam and a lower blocking beam which are arranged up and down and are parallel to each other, the upper blocking beam and the lower blocking beam are connected together through blocking beam columns, and the limiting blocking beam is used for fixing the test object between the upper blocking beam and the lower blocking beam; the blocking beam column is a threaded steel bar, the upper blocking beam and the lower blocking beam are adjusted and fixed through nuts, and the blocking beam column is fixed in the reserved hole; the preformed holes are a plurality of deep holes arranged on the upper bottom plate, are formed by pre-buried steel pipes when concrete is poured, and realize multi-scale structural test by adjusting the positions of the stop beam columns according to test requirements and changing the positions of the limiting stop beams; the upper bottom plate is provided with arch foot constraint rails for providing counter force for the test object, the arch foot constraint rails are L-shaped steel blocks, the arch foot constraint rails are positioned at two ends of the test object and are in contact with arch feet of the test object, the arch foot constraint rails are fixed and adjusted in position through reserved holes, after the arrangement of the loading bin test device is completed, the cross beam is placed at the opening of the loading bin, then the cover plate is placed on the cross beam, and the cross beam is composed of a plurality of square woods, so that the assembly and the disassembly are convenient; the cover plate is an independent steel plate, a reserved square groove is formed in the edge of the cover plate for enabling the chain to pass through the cover plate, and a reserved hole is formed in the cover plate for installing the limiting blocking beam, and when the chain is used, the blocking beam column is only required to be installed in the reserved hole of the cover plate;
the pressure simulation test method for the multi-shape multi-scale surrounding rock comprises the following steps:
step (1): calculating the position of the lower blocking beam according to the size of the test object and the position of the gear;
step (2): all the lower baffle beams are arranged at the same horizontal height to form an operation platform;
step (3): assembling a test object on the operation platform, and placing the test object at a designated position;
step (4): installing an upper blocking beam, and limiting a test object in a plane so that the test object can only move and deform in the plane;
step (5): fixing the check cylinder at a designated position of a bottom plate, adjusting the state of the check cylinder to meet the test requirement, connecting one end of the check cylinder with one end of a chain through an end hinge, placing the chain on a gear, and covering a cover plate;
step (6): the other end of the chain is connected with a force sensor, the force sensor is connected with the loading pull ring through another section of chain and a chain connector, and a rubber backing plate is placed between the loading pull ring and the outer side of the test object;
step (7): arranging a sensor on a test system, wherein the sensor comprises a displacement sensor and a strain sensor, the displacement sensor adopts a stay wire type displacement meter, the displacement meter is arranged on the outer side of a test object, the strain sensor adopts a strain gauge, and the strain gauge is stuck to the test object according to the requirement;
step (8): the force sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with the data acquisition system, the strain gauge is connected with the strain gauge, and the data acquisition system and the strain gauge form a monitoring system;
step (9): opening a monitoring system to perform preloading, and applying a load which is not more than 3% of the estimated breaking load through a preloading control system;
step (10): the load and displacement of the check cylinder are controlled, a test object is loaded, the test is started, and the loading concrete operation method comprises the following steps: the method can adopt a monotonic pressurizing mode, when the load is smaller than 0.9Qmax, the loading rate is 0.02Qmax/min, the pressure is maintained for 1min every 0.1Qmax, when the load is larger than 0.9Qmax, the loading rate is 0.005Qmax/min, and the pressure is maintained for 1min every 0.05Qmax, wherein Qmax is the estimated limit load;
step (11): in the test process, according to the actual conditions of surrounding rock deformation and pressure which are simulated as required, all the non-return cylinders synchronously act or non-synchronously act through a loading control system;
step (12): in the test process, real-time observation is carried out, stress, strain and deformation conditions of a test object are collected, and corresponding data materials are stored;
step (13): stopping loading when the test object is broken, unstable and largely deformed and cannot continue to bear load, closing the monitoring system, and ending the test;
step (14): and obtaining the bearing capacity, the overall rigidity mechanical property and the deformation damage mechanism of the test object according to the load, displacement and strain monitoring results and the deformation damage condition of the test object, which are acquired by the monitoring system.
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